iosr-jspe   Volume-1 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2014

Abstract: There is a large amount of evidence showing that an individual undergoing dehydration (during a tournament or the exercise regimen) has a negative impact on performance. Thus restoration of this fluid balance must be achieved. Sports drinks are ideally placed to fill both these roles. A sports drink is a beverage designed to help athletes rehydrate, as well as replenish electrolytes, sugars and other nutrients that are lost or depleted after strenuous exercise, training or competition. However, in a sports drink, a variety of substances and nutrients are dissolved in water to make the final product. Not only that, a variety of fruit juices can also be added which provide natural flavor and color rather than adding the artificial ones. In this project, a sports drink was developed mainly using Anandi variety of pomegranate (Punica granatum) and kokum (Garcinia indica). These fruits not only provide natural flavor and color, but also minerals which are essential for the enhancement of athletes' performance.
Keywords: Biochemical, microbiological, organoleptic, sports drink, minimum inhibitory concentration, dental erosion.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Study to Evaluate Spatial Gait Parameters in Patients of Osteoarthritic Knee
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Amanprr eett Kaurr, Apoorrv Narraiin, Jagmohan Siingh, Amandeep Singh
	:	10.9790/6737-0140611

Abstract: Osteoarthritis is a slowly evolving articular disease, which appears to originate in the cartilage and affects the underlying bone, soft tissues and synovial fluid. Quantitative gait analysis is an important clinical tool for quantifying normal and pathological patterns of locomotion, and has also been shown to be useful for prescription of treatment as well as in the evaluation of the results of such treatment. The objectives of this study was to evaluate spatial gait parameters variations in patients with osteoarthritic knee as compared to normal healthy individuals. 100 subjects were included in the study, 50 normal healthy subjects and 50 subjects with bilateral knee osteoarthritis with age group of 40-60 years based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Before gait analysis, all subjects were given informed consent as advised by the Institutional Ethical Committee. Gait analysis was done for both groups with same protocol. Following gait parameters was measured individually for each subject: Step length [m], Stride length [m], Normalised stride length [%], Step width [m] and Foot angle [degree]. Paired and unpaired t- test will be used for the analysis of data. The study concluded that there was significant difference is spatial gait parameters in patients with osteoarthritic knee as compared to normal healthy individuals.
Keywords: Osteoarthritis, Gait parameters, Spatial gait parameters.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Common Sports Injuries amongst the Elite Women Basketball Players of India
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Raspreet Sidhu, Anjali Chhikara, Dr. D. P. Sharma
	:	10.9790/6737-0141214

Abstract: An injury is a common phenomenon in the field of sports. Ranging from amateurs to the most seasoned sports personalities, almost every one faces the brunt of an injury at some point in their sporting careers. To gauge the effect and extent of these injuries, the members of the Indian women basketball team were examined for common sports injuries. While they represent the country at various international tournaments round the year, the results of the survey painted a very dismal picture. The longevity of a sports person's career depends critically on the severity of an injury. In some cases, severe injuries have an intense impact immediately. While on the other hand, there are also instances when an injury is ignored and remains untreated; this becomes worse and hinders the crucial functioning of a sports person on the field. Irrespective of the case, it is essential that all such injuries be avoided at all levels of the sport for its growth and development. It is an endeavor by the research scholars to isolate the most common and frequently occurring injuries so that the players, coaches, doctors and physiotherapists can concentrate and work on the preventive measures for them.
Key Words: Basketball, Prevention, Sports Injuries, Women.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Declining Profile of Physical Education Programme in Educational Institutions in Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	1Isaac Olusola Akindutire (Ph.D.), 2Johnson Adetunji Olanipekun (Ph.D.)
	:	10.9790/6737-0141519

Abstract: Since the early days of Nigerian history, Physical Education has always been considered as an integral part of educational system as obtained in several nations of the world. The awareness of the values of physical activities and sports, gave a boost to the prominence given to the practical and pedagogical aspects of physical education in all segments of educational system in Nigeria, between 1950s and 1980s. Physical Education was a compulsory subject in the curriculum of primary and teacher education, while the National Policy on Education of 1970s and 1980s accommodated the programme for secondary education. However, it is rather disturbing to note that there has been a systematic decline in the fortune of physical education in Nigerian schools since 1990 to date. This paper therefore,

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Comparison of Sports Anxiety in three different Stages between Team and Individual Players
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Th. Shyam Singh, Dr. N. Sunderlal Singh, Dr. S. Ranjit Singh
	:	10.9790/6737-0142024

Abstract: To find out the degrees of anxieties experienced by both the individual and team sports persons of Manipur at three different stages of sports such as prior to the actual play, during the progress of the play and after the conclusion of the play over the period of five years beginning from 1995 to 2000 A.D. The researchers mainly adopted the simple and easy methods of questionnaires, personal visits to national and state level sportspersons of Manipur at their residence, hostels and other sports complexes.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effects of Addition of Sprint, Strength and Agility Training On Cardiovascular System in Young Male Field Hockey Players: An Echocardiography Based Study
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Barun Hanjabam, Jyotsna Kailashiya
	:	10.9790/6737-0142529

Abstract: To find training related physiological and cardiovascular changes and adaptations in field hockey players, this interventional study was conducted with 30 male field hockey trainees (age: 15.7±1.55 years, range: 13-20 years) undergoing training in preparation phase. In addition to the their usual routine of 2 hours per day, 6 times a week of aerobic, anaerobic and skill training session of field hockey; a specialized additional training of 2 hours per day- 3 times a week, consisting of sprint, strength-power and agility was incorporated in the schedule. Selected variables measured before and after the 6 week training were compared with paired t test. Upon analysis we found that lean body mass (LBM) of the participants showed significant improvement (P<0.05) after the 6 week training.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Study of Competitive Sport Anxiety in Young Soccer Players
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mohammad Ahsan,* Katarina Toga Ruru*, Anand Kumar
	:	10.9790/6737-0143031

Abstract: Competitive sport anxiety, is common in young soccer players, It is the state of uneasiness and apprehension, about competitive sport events. Competitive sport anxiety is a distrustful response that takes place when a player undermines his or her capability in dealing with demanding circumstances. Competitive sport anxiety affects player's ability to perform effectively in any sport competition. The purpose of the current research is to evaluate the competitive sport anxiety difference between Fijian and I-Taukei young soccer players. Participants consisted of sixty young soccer players ranging from ages 14 – 19 years who participated in district youth soccer competition. A t-test was applied to measure the significance level between district level young\ soccer players.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Comparative Study on Recovery Pulse Rate after 12 Minute Run and Walk Test
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Biswabandhu Nayek, Dr. Kallol Chatterjee, Dr. Debaprasad Sahu
	:	10.9790/6737-0143235

Abstract: The sports are a world-wide phenomenon today. In the world history, sports was a popular organization and important as today. It has been an interesting aspect for human amusement and a cultural phenomenon at great magnitude. It has got mass participation, as it attracts people either for recreations, physical fitness or performance.The effectiveness of using the heart rate (HR) as an indicator of exercise intensity to monitor of all games and sports and any physical activity.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Comparing BMI and hand grip strength of Tsinghua University Beijing and University of Sindh Pakistan students
Country	:	China
Authors	:	Muhammad Rafique, Prof. Zhang Bing, Muhammad Akram Ansari, Javed Ali Soomro, Ashok kumar Chuohan, Sunzhongwei,
	:	10.9790/6737-0143644

Abstract: Background: This study was an illustrated cross sessional study of male and female students of Tsinghua University Beijing China and University of Sindh Pakistan students. The study objectives were to describe normative data and compare the BMI and hand grip strength of dominant hand of both universities students. The study elaborated that health and fitness status of universities lifestyle of young male and female students are significantly related to the desire level of general health and fitness level and observed the attitude of students towards health assessment activities and status. Method: The sample was selected of both universities overall 600 students, ranging in age of18-23 years. There were 150 male and 150 female healthy students of each university were participated. Both university students were compared their BMI and HGS of dominant hand. The strength was measured with STF calibrated hand grip dynamometer and used the normative criterion of general grip strength of franklin 2000 to calculate the result. All the conclusions were described by SPSS 20 and MS excel 2010. Results: The study population was relatively young and they were classified in three interval groups'. The mean of TUBC and UOSP BMI (23.72 - 23.34 male, 21.19-22.21 female, 22.45 -22.77 MF) and std. deviation (3.72 - 4.22 male, 2.83 - 3.46 female, 3.53 - 3.89 MF) t –value TUBC 110.16 and UOSP 103.38 and p –value is 0.001 significance. HGS mean (46.35 - 45.07 male 30.87 - 29.30 female 38.61 -37.18 MF) and Std. deviation (9.16 -8.30 male, 5.32-'4.94 female10.77-10.43 MF) and t-value TUBC 62.07 and UOSP 61.73 p –value is 0.001 significance <0.05. The average difference of BMI of TUBC and UOSP (67% - 64% normal, 18%- 23% overweight 10% - 7% underweight and 4% - 6% MF were obese. The prevalence of BMI>25 overweight and >30 overall obesity of UOSP were higher than TUBC students. The correlation of BMI and HGS is significance of 0.05 levels. In HGS the performance of both universities performance was satisfactory. While, the females HGS performance of TUBC were higher and better then UOSP students. Conclusions The research innovative of health and fitness should create an atmosphere of general health assessment and identify their strength and weakness. To highlight their physical and physiological competencies motivated them healthy, foster and active lifestyle in their routine living. To freshman the HFA attitude of university students and were produced normative evaluation infrastructure for future research. The Overall goals of research study are to benefit to the general public particularly the university students.
Keyword: BMI, Grip strength, Health, Fitness, normative data, attitude, assessment,

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Postural Comparison of Dextrous and Ambidextrous Players
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Suresh Kutty.K, Bintu.T.Kalyan
	:	10.9790/6737-0144547

Abstract: The purpose of the study was the postural comparison of dexterous and ambidextrous players. Human posture is the basic thing that a sports man need for his sports performance at an optimum level. Each and every human beings posture will build up according to the nature of activity.