Volume-11 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2018

Abstract: The objective of this work is to investigate the Schrödinger equation, analyzing the mathematical concepts employed and relating them to other areas of knowledge. In quantum mechanics, the Schrödinger equation is a partial differential equation that describes how the quantum state of a physical system evolves over time. It was formulated in late 1925 and published in 1926 by the Austrian physicist Erwin Schrödinger. In quantum mechanics, the analogue of Newton's law is the Schrödinger equation for the quantum system (usually atoms, molecules, and subatomic particles are free, bound, or located). It is not a simple algebraic equation but, in general, a linear partial differential equation. The solutions to the Schrödinger equation describe not only molecular, atomic, and subatomic systems, but also macroscopic systems.

Keywords: Schrödinger, Wave Functions, Stationary Waves, Hydrogen Atom

[1]. FREIRE JR, O., PESSOA JR, O. and BROMBERG, JL.,. Teoria Quântica: estudos históricos e implicações culturais [online]. Campina Grande: EDUEPB; São Paulo: Livraria da Física, 2011. 456 p. ISBN 978-85-7879-060-8. Available from SciELO Books.
[2]. ZEILMANN, AP, Vetor, Rio Grande, v.18, n.2, p. 34-44, 2008
[3]. GRIFFITHS, David J.; Quantum Mechanics; 2nd edition - São Paulo. Editora Pearson Prentice Hall, 2011.
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Abstract: Ravenia spectabilis Lindl. is a plant that belongs to the genus Ravenia (Rutaceae). It is a tall, medium-sized shrub that occurs widely in South America, and can also be found in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and other countries in Asia. Previous phytochemical studies reported the presence of quinolone alkaloids, pyranocoumarins, flavonoids and various bioactive terpenes in its aerial parts. Antibacterial and cytotoxic activities are also reported for extractives from this plant. Dichloromethane leaves extract of a specimen cultivated in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was analyzed by GC-MS and led to the identification of the compounds isatin, lichexanthone and the terpenes α-spinasterone, lupeol, sitostenone and α-cadinol in its composition. Some of them are found for this time in both genus Ravenia and R. spectabilis. Dichloromethane leaves extract was also tested for acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibition and showed 54.4± 3.70 (0.1 mg/mL) % of activity.

Keywords: Ravenia spectabilis, GC-MS, bioactive compounds, AChE inhibition

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Abstract: Some 4(3H)-quinazolinone and its derivatives with potential anti-inflammatory properties were synthesized from the reaction of anthranilamide and the proper triethyl orthoacetate, triethyl orthoformate and triethyl orthobenzoate. All the compounds synthesized were unequivocally confirmed by means of infrared, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H and 13C), Gas chromatography Mass Spectrophotometer, and elemental analysis. The quinazolinones were evaluated pharmacologically for their in vivoanti-inflammatory activities by carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema. All the investigated compounds exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in the range of 81-96% in comparison to control.

Keywords: Quinazolin-4(3H)-one,2-Methyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone,2-Phenyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone, Anthranilamide

[1] Aysel, G.; Nalan, T. (2005). Synthesis, characterization and primary Antimicrobial Activity and Evaluation of 3-Phenyl-6-methyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone2-yl-merecapuoacetic Acid Arlidenehydrazides". Turk.J. Chem. 29, 233-245.
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Abstract: N-(9-ethyl carbazolyl) benzoxazine was synthesized by the reaction of 3-amino-9-ethyl Carbazole with paraformaldehyde and 4- methyl phenol under reflux in the solvent medium of toluene. The corresponding polybenzoxazine of N-Carbazolylbenzoxazine monomer was synthesized by heat treatment process. The following temperature program was applied:1100c for60 min ., 1400c for 30min., 1600c for 30 min .,1700c for 45 min, 1800c for 45 min ., 1900c for 60 min, 2000c for 90 min . The benzoxazine monomer and poly benzoxazine were characterized by IR, UV and NMR spectroscopy . Secondly a polymeric benzoxazine precursor was synthesized by the reaction of 3,6-diamino-N-ethyl Carbazole (which was Synthesized earlier) with paraformaldehyde and Bisphenol-A-under reflux condition in the solvent medium of chloroform. The polymeric benzoxazine precursor was characterized by IR,UV and NMR spectroscopy.

Keywords: N-(9-ethylcarbazolyl) benzoxazine,polybenzoxazine polymeric benzoxazine precursor, Ring-opening polymerization.

[1] E. Kim, H.W. Lee, MOL. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 431(2005) 581 .
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Abstract: The oxidative cleavage of glycine with N-chlorobenzimidazole (CBI) has been studied in aqueous acetic acid medium. The rate shows first order dependence each on [CBI] and [glycine] and inverse first order on [H+]. The rate of the oxidation increases with decrease in dielectric constant of solvent medium indicating ion-dipole interaction. Polymerization was not observed when acrylonitrile is added to the reaction mixture. The kinetic runs were carried out at four different temperatures and thermodynamic parameters have been evaluated. Addition of benzimidazole retards the rate. The rate of reaction is not influenced by the addition of electrolyte like sodium perchlorate. A mechanism in consistent with the kinetic data has been proposed.

Keywords: Kinetics, Cleavage, Iodometry, N-chlorobenzimidazole, glycine

[1] Ashok Kumar Singh., Ravi Prakash., Jaya Srivastava., Santosh Kumar., Shailesh Kumar Singh., & Shahla Rahmani, J. of App. Chem., 2017; 4, 513-52.
[2] Ramkumar, B., Rukmangathan, M., & Santhosh kumar, V. Pelagia Res. Lib., Der Chem. Sinica, 2013; 5, 106.
[3] Mohamed Farook, N. A., & Afroos Banu, A. Chem. Sci. Trans., 2015; 4, 638-641.
[4] Jagdish Bharad., Balaji Madje., & Milind Ubale. Ultra Chem., 2013; 9, 361-368.
[5] Santhosh kumar, V., Rukmangathan, M., & Ramkumar, B. Asian J. of Chem., 2011; 23, 925-926.

Abstract: the inhibition performance of Cefadroxil drug on Aluminum (Al) in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution was investigated in the temperature range of 298-318k and the concentration range of 0.02-2mm by weight loss and Tafel polarization method. The results show that Cefadroxil can inhibit the corrosive action of hydrochloric acid media. The maximum inhibition efficiency of 93.22% and 90.30% were observed in the presence of 2mM inhibitor in the case of weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization respectively. The adsorption of the studied inhibitor on the Aluminum was found to follow Langmuir adsorption model. Thermodynamic adsorption functions (Δ𝐺𝑎𝑑𝑠0,Δ𝐻𝑎𝑑𝑠0,Δ𝑆𝑎𝑑𝑠0)............

Keywords: Corrosion inhibition, Aluminum, Hydrochloric acid, Cefadroxil, Weight loss, Adsorption, Potentiodynamic polarization, Quantum chemical

[1] S. Şafak, B. Duran, A. Yurt, And Gülşentürkoğlu. Schiff Bases As Corrosion Inhibitor For Aluminium In Hcl Solution. Corros. Sci. 2012, 54, 251-259
[2] X. Li, S. Deng, And X. Xie. Experimental And Theoretical Study On Corrosion Inhibition Of Oxime Compounds For Aluminium In Hcl Solution. Corros. Sci. 2014, 81, 162-175
[3] R. S. Nathiya And V. Raj. Evaluation Of Dryopteris Cochleata Leaf Extracts As Green Inhibitor For Corrosion Of Aluminium In 1 M H2SO4. Egypt. J. Pet. 2017, 26, 313–323
[4] I. J. Alinnor And P. M. Ejikeme. Corrosion Inhibition Of Aluminium In Acidic Medium By Different Extracts Of Ocimum Gratissimum. Am. Chem. J. 2012, 2, 122-135
[5] H. Omar A. And Abdallah M. Prazole Compounds As Inhibitors For Corrosion Of Aluminum In Hydrochloric Acid. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci. 2013, 8, 8138-8152.

Abstract: The inhibition efficiency of the mixtures of rubber leaf and corn cob extracts on the corrosion of mild steel in 1M H2SO4 acid solution was studied at room temperature using weight loss, AAS method and FTIR methods. The mixture of Rubber leaf and corn cob extracts inhibited the corrosion of mild steel in 1M H2SO4 solution and the inhibition efficiency was found to increase with increasing concentration of the extract. The results also showed that at 0.1g, 0.2g, 0.3g, 0.4g, 0.5g plant extract concentrations, 89.5%, 95.2%, 96.4%, 96.8% and 98.2% inhibition efficiency was obtained respectively. The weight loss analysis showed an increase of 1.94g in the absence of the extract but in the presence of 0.5g of the extract it decreases the mild steel to 0.04g. The AAS analysis showed an Iron ion (Fe2+, Fe3+) concentration of 1427.04mg in the absence of the extract concentration but in 0.5g of the extract the concentration, it decreases to 384.56mg. The mixture of rubber leaf and corncob was found to be a good inhibitor of mild steel corrosion in acidic medium. It was recommended that the mixed extract should be used to test inhibitory effect on different metals and in higher concentrations of sulphuric acid..

Keywords: Corrosion, Rubber leaves, Corn cob, Inhibition, Mild Steel, Metal coupon

[1] Alamene, K.K. and Olusegun S.J., (2012). Corrosion inhibition performance of lignin extract of sun flower (tithonia diversifola) on medium carbon low alloy steel immersed in H2SO4 solution. Leonardo journal of science -20(11): 59-70.
[2] Alamene, K.K., Olusegun S.J., Adelowo O.T. (2015). Corrosion inhibition and adsorption characteristics of hunterial umbellate seed husk extract on mild steel immersed in 1 M H2SO4 solution. Alaxandria Engineering Journal .55(1) 673-681.
[3] Alamene, K.K., Daramola Y.S., Olusegun S.J and Afolabi A.S.(2015). Corrosion inhibition and adsorption characteristics of rice husk extracts on mild steel immersed in 1 M H2SO4 and HCl solutions. International journal electrochemical science.10:3553-3567.
[4] Alamene, K.K., Olusegun S.J and Alo A.W.,(2016).Corrosion inhibitory properties of elephant grass (pennisetum purpureum) extract:effects of mild steel corrosion in 1 M HCl solution. Alexandra Engineering Journal.55;1069-1076.
[5] Anthony,T., (2015). Standard Guide for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of Metals. Technical Services Eastern Coatings Show. 10: 15-20

Abstract: Kibarani used to be a dumping site of solid waste of Mombasa on the shore of Makupa Creek. This work was aimed at evaluating the impact of this practice on the shores of the creek. Sediment samples were analysed for Fe(II)/ Fe(III), ammonium, phosphates using the UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. The levels of porosity, total organic matter content and redox potential values were determined. Results showed that lowest redox potential values were present in Station 3 which was the most impacted area. This showed that the area was highly anaerobic and the stable form of iron was Fe(II) . Fe(III) levels ranged from 0-6% of the total HCl extractable iron content found in the sediment and was not detected at a depth of 6-12 cm in the highly polluted areas. The levels of phosphates increased with increase in contamination from 2.39± 0.25 μg/g in least contaminated to 16.43±0.67 μg/g in most contaminated............

Keywords: solid waste, Kibarani, Fe(II) /Fe(III), redox, nutrients

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Abstract: In this perspective article, density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to investigate themolecular stability and bond strengths of dimeric and trimeric tetrathiafulvalenes 1-4 by applying the natural bond orbital analysis. The indication about the size, shape, charge density distribution and site of chemical reactivity of the molecules has been obtained by mapping electron density with molecular electrostatic potential (MEP).The HOMO and LUMO energies determined showed that the serious charge transfer occurs in the title molecules studied. NLO properties such as dipole moment, polarizability, first static hyperpolarizability were also calculated to predict their Non-linear optical behavior..........

Keywords: tetrathiafulvalenes; density functional theory; computational chemistry; electronic structure; quantum chemical calculations.

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Abstract: Electrochemical side chain chlorination of 1- Methyl Naphthalene has been carried out in a two compartment cell with a conversion of 80 to 85% with an yield of 99%. Uses of varies electrode at different current density under different solvent has been carried out and results are reported in the paper.

Keywords: Electrochemical Chlorination, Aromatic compounds, current densities, Electrolyte, Two Compartment divided electrochemical cell, 1- chloro methyl Naphthalene

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Abstract: A simple method for the preparation of 4 – Nitro Benzyl Bromide from 4 – Nitro Toluene is reported. The electrolysis was carried out in a two compartment electrochemical cell fitted with graphite electrodes at Room Temperature. The maximum conversion of 4 – Nitro Toluene is above 95% and the selectivity is observed as above 95%. The effects of different electrode, solvent, and current density are studied and reported..

Keywords: Electrochemistry, Bromination, Two compartment divided electrochemical cell, Emulsion electrolysis, 4 – Nitro Benzyl Bromide..

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Abstract: Application of activated Borassusflabellifer bark nano carbon (ABNC) for the removal of aCationic dye, Rhodamine B, from aqueous solutionshas been investigated. The experiments were carried out in batch mode. Effect of the parameterssuch as pH, initial dye concentration and temperature on the removal of the dye was studied.Equilibrium was achieved in 60 min. Maximum adsorption of dye was achieved at pH 6.6. Removal percentage was found to be dependent on the initial concentration of dye solution, and maximum removal was found to be 96% at 25 mg/L of Rhodamine B. The removal increases from 80% to 96%when the initial concentration of dye solution decreases from 125 mg/L to 25 mg/L...........

Keywords: Activated Borassusflabellifer barknanocarbon(ABNC); Rhodamine-B dye; Adsorption isotherm; Kinetics; Equilibrium models.

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