Volume-12 ~ Issue-12 ~ December. 2019

Abstract: Zinc oxide nanoparticles were effectively synthesized through solvothermal method using zinc acetate as a precursor in diethylene glycol (solvent) with linear alkylbenzene sulphonate as the capping agent. The crystalline structure and particle size distribution (PSD) of synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were studied using Raman spectroscopy and Malvern Zetasizer (Nano Range) by the Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) technique. The Raman E2(high) obtained was 424cm-1 with red shift of 13cm-1indicating a wurtzite hexagonal structure with high crystalinity. The Z-average diameter of the ZnO nanoparticles was 715.2nm and polydispersity index (PdI) was 0.431. The cumulants fit error was 8.27 x 10-4indicating that the ZnO nanoparticles produced were of good size quality and monodisperse in nature. The results obtained from this work are clear indications that linear alkylbenzene sulphonate is a good capping material for solvothermal synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles.

[1]. Akyuz, M. and Roberts, D. J. (2002). Determination of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonates and their Biodegradation Intermediates by Isocratic RP-HPLC. Turk J Chem 26 (2002), 669 – 679.
[2]. Bekkari, R., Jaber, B., Labrim,H., Ouafi, M., Zayyoun, N. and Laânab, L. (2019). Effect of Solvents and Stabilizer Molar Ratio on the Growth Orientation of Sol-Gel-Derived ZnO Thin Films, International Journal of Photoenergy, 1-7
[3]. DOI.10.1155/2019/3164043
[4]. Divya, R., Supraja, N. and David, E. (2018). Synthesis and Characterization of ZnONPs from Vitis Vinifera Peel Extract and Its Antimicrobial Efficacy. Advancements Bioequiv Availab. 2(2), 1-8. DOI: 10.31031/ABB.2018.02.000535
[5]. Gurushankar K., Jeyavijayan S., Gohulkumar M. and Viswanathan K. (2018). Synthesis, Optical and Morphological Studies of ZnO Nanoparticles Capped with PVP as a Surfactant. International Journal of Chemical Sciences. 16(1), 1-7.

Abstract: Two rational methods in the field of phenanthroline chemistry are presented. On the one hand the preparation of 4,7-dibromo-1,10-phenanthroline 2 via a transhalogenation reaction of its dichloro analog 1. On other hand 7-chloro-4-hydroxy-1,10-phenanthroline 3 was synthesized via a selective partial hydrolysis of 1. Both reactions proceed without the use of expensive catalysts or toxic solvents with an easy work-up procedure.

[1]. Hara K., Sugiara H.,Dye-Sensitized Nanocrystalline TiO2 Solar Cells Based on Ruthenium(II) Phenanthroline Complex Photosensitizers. Langmuir 2001,17(19):5992-5999.DOI: 10.1021/la010343q
[2]. Freys J.C., Gardner J.M.,Ru-based donor–acceptor photosensitizer that retards charge recombination in a p-type dye-sensitized solar cell. Dalton Trans. 2012,41(42):13105-13111.DOI: 10.1039/C2DT30829K
[3]. Murugavel R., Korah R.,Structural Diversity and Supramolecular Aggregation in Calcium, Strontium, and Barium Salicylates Incorporating 1,10-Phenanthroline and 4,4'-Bipyridine: Probing the Softer Side of Group 2 Metal Ions with Pyridinic Ligands, Inorg. Chem. 2007,46(26):11048-11062.DOI: 10.1021/ic700977w
[4]. Sammes P.G., Yahioglu G.,1,10-Phenanthroline: a versatile ligand. Chem. Soc. Rev. 1994, 23, 327-334. DOI: 10.1039/CS9942300327
[5]. Song, Y.M.; Xu J.P. Syntheses, characterization and biological activities of rare earth metal complexes with curcumin and 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione,J. Inorg. Biochem. 2009,103(3):396-400.DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2008.12.001

Abstract: Rumex abyssinicus Jacq. is a rich source of important secondary metabolites. Besides, it is a medicinal plant and still used in traditional medicine.In this study, a phytochemical study of Rumex abyssinicus Jacq.has been under taken.Chemicalinvestigation on the solvent extract of the plant has been conducted.The ethanolic extract of the leaf parts of Rumex abyssinicus Jacq.led to isolation of one compound.The compound were identified to be (BUOG1). Structural determination was accomplished by means of spectroscopic methods(UV,H1NMR,13 C NMR and Dept NMR).

[1]. Mann. J, Secondary metabolism 2nd.ed. Clarendon Press,Oxford,1987. 1986.
[2]. Koskinen A., Asymmetric synthesis of natural products, 1993, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
[3]. http://www.people.vcu.edu
[4]. P. w. Atkins, J. S. E., Holker, A. K, Holliday Secondary metabolism: 2nd edition
[5]. Paul, M. Dewick, Medicinal Natural Product 2nd ed.Stockholm, 2004.

Abstract: The surface texture of the deposited nickel films with and without brightener agent ethylene diamine and acac from urea/ choline chloride (reline), based ionic liquid on copper substrate, have been studied by AFM. The surface has been depicted by atomic force microscopy in relation to RMS in terms of roughness, power spectral density (PSD), section, depth and width. The results obtained are very important and valuable, which revealed that the addition of the leveling agents have remarkablyinfluence on the topology and the morphology of the coated surfaces.

Key words: reline, Ni deposits, ionic liquids, leveling agents, surface roughness and morphology.

[1]. K. Seddon, Nat. Mater., 2003, 2, 363.
[2]. N. Gathergood, P. J. Scammells and M. T. Garcia, Green Chem., 2006, 8, 156.
[3]. Z. Du, Z. Li, S. Guo, J. Zhang, L. Zhu and Y. Deng, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2005, 109, 19542.
[4]. K. Fukumoto, M. Yoshizawa and H. Ohno, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,2005, 127, 2398.
[5]. A. P. Abbott, G. Capper, D. L. Davies, R. Rasheed and V. Tambyrajah Chem. Commun, 2003, 70..

Abstract: According to Beer-Lambert Law, absorbance of the UV Visible radiations by any solution is a function of concentration of the solute i.e., concentration of a chemical is directly proportional to the absorbance of a solution. This relation was used to determine the concentration of cobalt nitrate hexahydrate in differently diluted solutions using spectrophotometer. The maximum wavelength of absorbance was 510 nm which was first determined from the stock solution and the same wavelength was applied to determine the absorbance of differently diluted solutions prepared from the same stock solution. A solution of unknown concentration was prepared and its absorbance was recorded and corresponding to that point on the linear graph (Concentration vs Absorbance), concentration of the unknown solution was calculated.

Key words: UV-Vis spectroscopy, Beer's Law, Lambert's Law, Cobalt nitrate hexahydrate.

[1]. Cobalt (II) nitrate. (2019, September 23). Retrieved October 8, 2019, from https://www.wikipedia.org/
[2]. Cobalt nitrate. (n.d.). Retrieved October 8, 2019, from https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/.
[3]. SHARMA, Y R, editor. "INTRODUCTION." ELEMENTARY ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY, 5th ed., S. CHAND, 1980, pp. 2-3.
[4]. Mukherji, S. M. (2010). Organic chemistry (2nd ed., Vol. 2). New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd.
[5]. SHARMA, Y R, editor. "Ultra Violet and Visible Spectroscopy." ELEMENTARY ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY, 5th ed., S. CHAND, 1980, pp. 12–13.
[6]. Dilution Calculations From Stock Solutions. (2019, May 22). Retrieved October 8, 2019, from https://www.thoughtco.com/..

Abstract: The rate of oxidation of xylitol, gullitol and tallitol were studied. It appears that the rates were found to be directly proportional to the substrate and hydroxide ion concentrations. The dependance of the rate of reaction on oxidant concentration were nearly seems to be first order of lower concentration and tends towards zero order at higher concentration. The results corroborates the previous observation. A probable mechanism has been suggested for the overall reaction. A very little study has been made on the mechanism of oxidation of polyhydroxy alcohols in alkaline medium. A limited work or alkaline permanganate1-3 is available. The kinetic data suggests that the oxidation involves the formation of a complex between the amount of substrate and 𝐾𝐹𝑒 𝐶𝑁 6 2−. The complex gets disproportionate into the free radical and......

[1]. Massan P.M Ibrahim, S.N Zafarrya, J.A Fawzy (2011). Journal of molecular catalysis a chemical Elsevier 344,93-98
[2]. Laxmi jattingoudir, krithi S. Byadagi, Noorjahan.N (2013) Journal of chemical and pharmaceutical research 5(IV), 290300
[3]. S. Singh, V.P Singh, J.M Singh and P.N Shrivastava (1977). Indian J.Chem, 15,117
[4]. J.C James and C.B Monk (1950). J.Chem. Society faraday Trans, 1041
[5]. W. A Eaton, P.George and G.I.H Hannania (1967) J.Phys.Chem.71.2016
[6]. F.Feigl (1960) Spot tedt in organic chemistry elgevier new York.

Abstract: Carboxymethylcellulose is an important non-toxic cellulose derivative which plays vital roles in paper coating, pharmaceuticals, food, detergents, and others. Research work involving the extraction of cellulose from agricultural biomass and its modification cellulose using a microwave has been reported, but not much work has been done on the rice husk, thus helping in managing associated waste. In this study, cellulose extracted from rice husks was used as the raw material for the synthesis of food-grade carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). In the process of the synthesis of carboxymethylcellulose from rice husk, cellulose was carried out by alkalization, an etherification process, using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and monochloroacetic acid (MCA). Characterizations of CMC products was carried out by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The reaction conditions optimized include power (microwave), sodium hydroxide concentration, amount of monochloroacetic acid and reaction time. The degree of substitution (DS) was determined using a potentiometric titration method and the maximum DS of 0.79 was obtained when 30% NaOH was used.

Keywords: Cellulose, Carboxymethylcellulose, Degree of substitution (DS), Microwave.

[1]. Adinugraha M. P., Marseno D. W., Hayadi A. (2005). Synthesis and characterization of sodium carboxymethylcellulose from cavendish banana pseudo stem (Musa cavendishii LAMBERT). Carbohydrate Polymers, 62: 164-169.
[2]. AlizadehAsl S., Mousavi M., Labbafi M. (2017). Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose from sugarcane bagasse. Journal of Food Process Technology, 8: 687-694.
[3]. Arslan N. (2007) Flow properties of cellulose and carboxymethylcellulose from orange peel. Journal Food Engineering, 81: 187–199.
[4]. Arunkumar R., Subramani K., Ravichandran S. (2010). International Journal Chemistry Technology. Resources, 2: 278-281.
[5]. Bono A., Ying P. H., Yan F.Y. (2009). Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose from palm kernel cake. Advanced Natural Applied Science, 3: 5–11.

Abstract: Organic chemistry has based its knowledge on the study of structures of chemical elements and their reactivity. The classification of the various elements, atoms and molecules has evolved over time, but it is remarkable that these representations have incorporated such subjective quality concepts in connection with the perceptions that the manipulators of these substances could identify. The electronic properties of atoms connected to the nuclear behavior of these elements indeed provide each element's periodic classification. Thanks to this classification model, it was possible to envisage the existence of elements as yet not isolated. This theorization of the structure of matter by Schrödinger has opened the way to purely theoretical modeling which is in itself the basis of the in silico chemistry.......

Keywords: QSAR, molecular descriptors, structure, property, optimization, modelling

[1]. Crum-Brown, A., Fraser, T.R., J. Anat. Physiol., vol. 2, pp. 224–242, 1868.
[2]. Viano, C., La matière des choses: le livre IV des Météorologiques d'Aristote et son interprétation par Olympiodore, Librairie Philosophique J. Vrin, Paris, 2006.
[3]. De Lavoisier, A.L., Traité élémentaire de chimie, Cuchet., Paris, 1789.
[4]. Kubbinga, H., L'histoire du concept de "molécule", Springer, Paris, 2001.
[5]. Avogadro, A., Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d'Histoire naturelle et des Arts, Paris, pp. 58-76, 1811.

Abstract: Valium is a tranquilizer of the benzodiazepine family; classified in the category of semi-legal drugs. The present work proposes a very simple, fast, efficient and reliable spectrophotometric method for the determining of this drug in Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient and tablet dosage formulation have been developed using absorbance ratio method and validated by using following experimental procedure for the validation of analysis method in chemistry guidelines. Parameters such as the analysis medium (proportion of solvents), the concentration of the molecule, the stability of time, the pH, and the temperature have been optimized. It shown from this optimization that 0.1 M hydrochloric acid at a concentration of 10 μgmL-1 allowed to have a maximum absorption at 242 nm with Tmax = 10 min. The method is linear from 0 to 30 μgmL-1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999, a relatively low limit.....

Keywords: Diazepam, UV-Spectrophotometric method, dosage formulation, Niger.

[1]. http:// www.slate.fr/tribune/67413/operation-serval-terroristes-narcotrafiquants, Le 03/07/2016 à 21h53'.
[2]. http://www.psychomedia.qc.ca/medicaments/qu-est-ce-que-le-valium-diazepam consulté le 10/11/2018 à 13h31'
[3]. https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diazépam, consulté le 09/11/2018 à 15h 39'
[4]. Centre de Coordination de Lutte Anti Drogues de Niamey; Statistique des saisies de 2013 → 2014.
[5]. Office Central de Répression de Traffic Illicites des Stupéfiants de Niamey ; Statistique des saisies de 2015 → 2016. Drogue, 11 Pages.

Abstract: Continuous search for corrosion inhibitors, due to huge differences in the media encountered in industries remain a major point in corrosion eradication. The use of natural leaves extract(orange leaf extract) to inhibit corrosion has assumed great significance by it's application in inhibiting corrosion in acidic environments. Natural leave extract (orange leaf extract) was investigated as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel using 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 M HCl as corrodents. The inhibitive outcome of orange leaf extract on the corrosion of mild steel was scrutinized using weight loss technique at 30 to 600C . In 0.1 M,0.3M and 0.5M HCl as corrodents in 0.5M HCl . Results confirmed that inhibition efficiency improved with increase in concentration of orange leaf extract, decreased by increasing the acid concentration and increasing the temperature. Rate of corrosion increased by increasing the media concentration/ acid concentration, decreased in inhibitor concentration and decreased in....

Keywords: Corrosion inhibition, mild steel, orange leaves extract, weight loss, hydrochloric acid

[1]. Hackerman, N., 1993. Reviews on Corrosion Inhibitor Science and Technology. NACE, pp. 1-1-1
[2]. Latanision, R.M. and Searson, P.C. (1992). "Corrosion" In Encyclopadia of Science and Technology, 7th Edition, MCGraw Hill Inc. Vol 4, pp 440 – 444.
[3]. G. Trabanelli, Inhibitors an old remedy for a new challenge, corrosion 47 (1991) 410-419.
[4]. X.M. Li, L.B. Tang, L. Li, G.N. Mu, G.H. Liu, Synergistic inhibition between o-phenanthroline and chlorine ion for steel corrosion in sulphuric acid, Corros. Sci. 48 (2006) 308-321.
[5]. O.E., Ikwuagwu, (1999), The Production of Bio-disel using Rubber Hevea Brasiliensis) seed oil. University of Nigeria Research Publications.

Abstract: Ionic liquids (ILs) have desirable properties that make them attractive as extractants in solvent extraction. However, the use of ILs in this application has not completely resolved the issues encountered when organic solvents are used. In traditional solvent extraction, a hydrophobic IL must be employed to establish an IL/water biphasic system that replaces the conventional organic solvent with ILs. However, the number of water-immiscible ILs is presently limited, and most of them contain fluorinated anions that are both costly and environmentally harmful. Additionally, the extremely high viscosity of ILs necessitates the use of an organic solvent as a diluent agent, which cannot be avoided. To address these concerns, an IL-based aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) can be utilized. This chapter provides an overview of the use of an IL-based ATPS for separating metals used in a variety of human applications.

Keywords: Ionic Liquids, Fluoineated ions, Viscocity of ILs, ATPs etc

[1]. Kislik V., Solvent Extraction: Classical and Novel Approaches Vladimir S. KislikCasali Institute of Applied Chemistry The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Campus Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel: Elsevier; (2011).
[2]. Hoogerstraete TV, Wellens S, Verachtert K, Binnemans K. Removal of transition metals from rare earths by solvent extraction with an undiluted phosphonium ionic liquid: Separations relevant to rare-earth magnet recycling. Green Chemistry,15,919 (2013).
[3]. Matsumoto M. Ionic liquid-based supported liquid membranes. In: Mohanty K, Purkait MK, editors. Membrane Technology and Applications. Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press, 305(2012).
[4]. Swatloski RP, Holbrey JD, Rogers RD. Ionic liquids are not always green: Hydrolysis of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate. Green Chemistry.5, 361(2003).
[5]. Hoogerstraete TV, Onghena B, Binnemans K. Homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction of rare earths with the betaine—Betainiumbis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquid system. International Journal of Molecular Sciences,14, 21353 (2013).