Volume-8 ~ Issue-11 ~ November-2015

Abstract: Esterified waxes were compounded with toluene, oleic acid, morpholine and distilled water to produce the emulsions. The emulsions produced were applied on wood and leather, which adhered and dried. The coated substrates showed decrease in water absorption coefficients compared to the uncoated surfaces. Coated leather showed better marking-off properties than the wood coated substrates. The emulsions applied on wood finishing show good absorption properties which can be used as undercoat emulsion for wood.

Keywords: emulsions,esterified waxes, marking-off properties,water absorption coefficients.

[1]. Umaru HI. Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature and Time on the Preparation of Emulsions from Waste Polyethene. (Unpublished Master's Thesis). Department of Textile Science and Technology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Nigeria: 2011.
[2]. Kogo AA. Studies on degradation of HDPE using Atmospheric Conditions and Ultraviolet Radiation (Unpublished Master's Thesis). Department of Chemistry, Bayero University, Kano. Nigeria; 1999.
[3]. Hassan TA. (2011, July 14). Impact of Indiscriminate Disposal of Polythene on the Environment. Daily Trust, p 51.

Abstract: In this study, a set of novel synthesized indole𝛽- diketo acid, diketo acid and carboxamide derivativeswas investigated by quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) analysis using semi-empirical (PM3) based descriptors. The best molecular descriptors identified were LogP, polar area corresponding to absolute values of electrostatic potential greater than 75 (P-area(75)), Energy (E), Minimum values of electrostatic potential (as mapped onto an electron density surface) (MinEIPot), Polar surface area and Maximum values of electrostatic potential (as mapped onto an electron density surface) (MaxEIPot) that contributed to the anti-HIV activity of the indole𝛽- diketo acid, diketo acid and carboxamide derivatives as independent factors.

[1] I. Daniela, C. Luminita, F. Simona, and M. Mircea, A quantitative structure–activity relationships study for the anti-HIV-1 activities of 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6--(phenylthio)thymine derivatives using the multiple linear regression and partial least squares methodologies. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 78 (4), 2013, 495–506.

[2] B. Jan, S. Miguel, E. De Clecq., et al. Pyridine N-oxide derivatives: unusual anti-HIV compounds with multiple mechanisms of antiviral action. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 55, 2005, 135-138.

[3] O.S Pedersen and E.B Pedersen, Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors: the NNRTI boom. Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy 10, 1999, 285–314.

[4] K.K Sahu, V. Ravichandran, K.J Prateek, S. Simant, et al. QSAR Analysis of Chicoric Acid Derivatives as HIV–1 Integrase Inhibitors. Acta Chim. Slov., 55, 2008, 138–145.

[5] R. Hadanu and Syamsudin. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis of Antimalarial Compound of Mangostin Derivatives Using Regression Linear Approach. Asian Journal of Chemistry 25 (11), 2013, 6136-6140.

Abstract: The study examined the physicochemical and heavy metal analysis of municipal water supply along the distribution channels from source (raw water) to end user points of Kaduna metropolis. Water samples were collected from the raw water sources of the treatment plants in the metropolis (Malali and Barnawa water works), treated water from the treatment plant reservoirs, the three booster stations (Kawo, Lugard Hall and Tudun Wada) and randomly from residential areas which includes; Malali, Barnawa, Tudun Wada, Marafa, Kabala costain, Badiko, Kurmin Mashi and UnguwanSunusi area of the metropolis.

[1] Diwakar , J., Yami, K.D., Prasai, T. Assessment of Drinking water of Bhaktapur municipality Area in Premonsoonseason.Scientific world. Vol .6(6), 2008 [2] WHO.(1996) "Guideline for Drinking water Quality Recommendation." pp: 16-17.

[3] Mark, W.R.,Ximing Cai and Sarah,A.C. World water and wood to 2025:dealing with scarcity. washington DC: intrnatiinal food policy research inatitute,2002

[4] Ike, E.E and Ugudunlunwa, F.X.O, History and philosophy of Science, University of Jos Consultancy limited Jos, 1999,134-136

Abstract: Determination of spin multiplicity is very important for identification of spin state of different molecules or ions. But, the conventional method of prediction of spin multiplicity by using formula (2S+1) is time consuming. So, in this manuscript, I tried to show a rapid and simple method for prediction of spin multiplicity value without calculating the total spin quantum number(S=Σs). This method is only applicable for homo and hetero nuclear diatomic molecules and ions having total electron (01-20). Keywords: Even electron number, Molecules, Odd electron number, Spin Multiplicity value, Spin State, Total electron number, Value of 'l'..

[1] Lee.J.D., Concise Inorg. Chem, 5th ed.; Wiley Oxford, p944, p109-112, (2009).
[2] Douglas.B., Mcdaniel. D. and Alexander.J., Concepts and Models of Inorg.Chem., 3rd ed.; Wiley India, p38, (2007).
[3] Cotton.F.A., Wilkinson.G.and Gaus.P.L.,Basic Inorg.Chem.,3rd ed.;Wiley India, p523 & p111 (2007).
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[5] Madan R.L.,Chem. for Degree students, 1st ed., p88,(2011), ISBN-81-219-3533-4.

Abstract: Electrochemical oxidation of methylene blue using carbon composite electrode in sodium chloride solution have been done. The aim of this work was to degradation of methylen blue using the direct oxidation in undivided electrolysis cell. Carbon composite electrode was prepare by C powder and PVC in 4 mL tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent and swirled flatly to homogeneous followed by drying in an oven at 100 °C for 3 h. The mixture was placed in stainless steel mould and pressed at 10 ton/cm2. Sodium chloride was used electrolyte solution. The effects of the current and electrolysis time were investigated using cyclic voltammetry, spectrophotometer UV-Visible and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

[1] A. Bousher, X. Shen, R. Edyvean, Removal of coloured organic matter by adsorption onto low-cost waste materials, Water. Res. 31 (1997) 2084–2092. [2] D.H. Bache, M.D. Hossain, S.H. Al-Ani, P.J. Jackson, Optimum coagulation conditions for a coloured water in terms of floc size, density and strength, Water Supply 9, (1991), 93–102. [3] M. Muthukumar, D. Sargunamani, N. Selvakumar, J.V. Rao, Optimisation of ozone treatment for colour and COD removal of acid dye effluent using central composite design experiment, Dyes Pigments 63, (2004), 127–134. [4] J. Feng, L.L. Houk, D.C. Johnson, S.N. Lowery, J.J. Carey, Electrocatalysis of anodic oxygen-transfer reactions: the electrochemical incenerition of benzoquinone, J. Electrochem. Soc. 142, (1995), 3626–3631. [5] P. Canizares, M. Diaz, J.A. Dominguez, J. Garcia-Gomez, M.A. Rodrigo, Electrochemical oxidation of aqueous phenol wastes on synthetic diamond thin-film electrodes, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 41 (2002), 4187–4194.

Abstract: The management of e-waste is a challenge especially in the developing countries. E-waste comprises of a multitude of components, some containing potentially toxic elements that can have an adverse impact on human health and the environment if not handled properly. This work examined existing e-waste management protocol in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The investigation revealed poor practices including; indiscriminate waste dumping, the use of obsolete waste disposal equipment, handling all waste as one, the use of open burning and landfill as the treatment option and lack of adequate legislation covering e-waste management in the State. Obviously, such practices would release significant toxic contaminants which could negatively affect human health and the environment.

Keywords: E-waste, Abakaliki Capital Territory (ACT), open burning, health risk

[1]. Dickenson, J. Waste Trea. and Clean Techn Conf. Cancun, Mexico. 12 October, 2008. .http://ewasteguide.info/files/2008_Dickenson_REWAS.pdf (assessed August 27, 2015). (assessed August 27, 2015).

[2]. Pinto, N.V., Indian J Occup Environ Med. 12 (2008), 65–70.

[3]. Tsydenova, O., Bengtsson, M., Waste Mgt. 31(2011), 45–58.
[4]. UNEP – United Nations Environment Program., Press Releases February 2010. http://www.unep.org (accessed August 30 2015). [5]. Elom, N.I., Cont. J. Env. Sc. 7 (2013), 11 – 19.

[6]. Nnorom, I.C., Osibanjo, O., Res. Cons. and Recy. 52 (2008), 843–858.

[7]. Nwofe, P.A., Inter. J. of Sc. Res. in Env. Sc., 3 (2015), 0107-0118.

Abstract: The compressibility factor Z also known as the compression factor is the ratio of the molar volume of a gas to the molar volume of an ideal gas at the same temperature and pressure. It is a useful thermodynamic property accounting for real gas behavior. In general, deviation from ideal behavior becomes more significant at lower temperatures and higher pressures. For gas mixtures, a gas composition must be specified while calculating the compressibility factor.

[1] Sesha Narayanan, M.S.Thesis, University of Oklahoma, 1985.
[2] Mark J. Hill, M.S. Thesis, University of Oklahoma, 1985.

Abstract: The present study carried out in Sidhi city of Madhya Pradesh to test the presence of Faecal Coliforms (E. Coli) in ground water samples using H2S bottles. The study was carried out in May 2014 and 40 samples were collected from various locations within city. The testing of the samples indicated the contaminations of ground water by Faecal Coliforms in high depth and shallow depth hand-pumps. It was found that most of the samples taken form hand pumps located near the water logged area showed the present of Faecal Coliforms (E. Coli). The measure for strict quality assurance in the installation and operation of hand-pumps and water quality surveillance by local body and government agencies with the involvement of community participation has been suggested.

Key words: High depth hand-pump, Faecal Coliform (E. Coli), Shallow depth hand-pump, contamination.

[1] Rompre A., Raubin M., and Laurent P., Detection and enumeration of coliforms in drinking water : Current methods and emerging approaches, Journal of Microbiological method 49, 31-54 (2002)
[2] Chauhan V. S., Yunus M. Geochemistry and Mobilization of arsenic in Shuklaganj area of Kanpur- Unnao district, Uttar Pradesh India. Environmental monitoring and assessment no 8, Springer-Verlog P-4889-4901 (2012).
[3] Vajpayee P. Rams S. and Shankar R., Contamination of portable water distribution system by multiantimicrobial Resistant Enterothemorrhagic Escherichia Coli, Environmental health Perspect 116(4) 448-42 (2008).
[4] Sivaborvorn, On development of simple test for bacteriological quality of drinking water (water quality control southeast Asia) department of sanitary engineering, Mohidol University, Tahiland center file, 3-P-830317-03 (1988).
[5] Jothivenkatachalam K., Nithya A., Gajendra C., and Thamarai, Corelation analysis of drinking water quality in and around Perur block of Coimbatore district of Tamilnadu India, 3 P. Poll Res. 27 (4) 679 (2008).

Abstract: Materials belonging to NASICON family of compositions Ag3-2xTaxIn2-x(PO4)3 ( x = 0.6,0.8 and 1.1) are prepared by sol-gel method. Ethylene glycol is used as a gelating agent. All the compositions are characterizedby powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy All these phosphates are crystallized in rhombohedral lattice with space group R3c . These compounds exhibit characteristic PO4 vibrational modes in their FT-IR spectra. The dc conductivity of Ag3-2xTaxIn2-x(PO4)3 ( x = 0.6,0.8 and 1.1) was also investigated.

Keywords: Sol-gel method, Infrared Spectroscopy, Powder X-ray diffraction, Ionic conductivity.

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Abstract: The aim of this study to purify GPCR from a local strain of S. cerevisiae using gel filtration chromatography techniques , by packing materials for columns which will be chosen of low cost comparing to the already used in published researches, which depend on the costly affinity chromatography and other expensive methods of purification. Local strain of S. cerevisiae chosen for extraction and purification of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) .The strains were obtained from biology department in Al- Mosul University, Iraq. The isolated colony was activated on Yeast Extract Pepton Dextrose Broth (YEPDB) and incubated at 30 C˚ for 24 h .Loop fully of the yeast culture was transferred to (10ml) of yeast extract peptone glucose agar (YEPGA) slant , then incubated at 30C˚for 24h , after that it was stored at 4C˚ ,the yeast cultures were reactivated and persevered after each two weeks period. S.cerevisiae was identified by morphological, microscopic characterization and biochemical test .

[1]. Horn F, Bettler E, Oliveira L, Campagne F, Cohen FE, Vriend G. ( 2003 ) GPCRDB information system for G protein-coupled receptors. Nucleic Acids Res.;31:294–297. ]
[2]. Pierce KL, Premont RT, Lefkowitz RJ.( 2002) Seven-transmembrane receptors. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol.;3:639–650.
[3]. Chiu ML, Tsang C, Grihalde N, Macwilliams MP (2008) Over-expression, solubilization, and purification of G protein-coupled receptors for structural biology. Combin Chem High Throughput Screen 11:439–462.
[4]. McCusker EC, Bane SE, O'Malley MA, Robinson AS (2007) Heterologous GPCR expression: a bottleneck to obtaining crystal structures. Biotechnol Prog 23:540–547
[5]. Lagerstrom MC, Schioth HB (2008) Structural diversity of G protein-coupled receptors and significance for drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discovery 7:339–357.
[6]. Andre N, Cherouati N, Prual C, Steffan T, Zeder-Lutz G, Magnin T, Pattus F, Michel H, Wagner R, Reinhart C (2006) Enhancing functional production of G proteincoupled receptors in Pichia pastoris to levels required for structural studies via a single expression screen. Protein Sci 15:1115–1126.

Abstract: ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by aqueous solution method, sol-gel method and hydrothermal method.The synthesized particles were characterized by XRD ,SEM ,EDX and UV .The X-ray diffraction studies reveals that the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles have wurtzite structure and the particle size varies from 13 to 18 nm. Scanning Electron Microscopic investigation reveals that the surface morphology of ZnO nanoparticle is spherical in hydrothermal process and varies to flower like arrangement in aqueous solution and sol-gel process. The UV-Visible spectrum of the nanoparticles shows a blue shift compared to that of the bulk sample. Keywords: Nanoparticles, Zinc oxide, X-ray diffraction, hydrothermal , sol-gel.

[1]. M.Sudha and M.Rajarajan, "Deactivation of Photocatalytically active Zno nanoparticle by surface capping with poly viny pyrrodidone", IOSR Journal of Applied chemistry, ISSN :2278-5736.Volume 3, pp 45-53.(2013)
[2]. T.V.Kolekar, H.M.Yadav, S.S.Bandgar, A.C.Raskar, S.G.Rawal, G.M.Mishra, "Synthesis by Sol-gel method and Characterization of Zno Nanoparticles", Indian Streams Research Journal, Volume.2, Issue.1, (2011)
[3]. KOUDELKA, L.; HORAK, J.; JARIABKA, P. Morphology of polycrystalline ZnO and its physical properties. Journal Materials Science, vol:29, p.p:1497-1500, (2004)
[4]. Nural Syahiah Sabri , Ahmad Kamal Yahya , Nur Aimi Jani , Mohammad Kamal Harun and Mahesh Kumar Talari, "Effect of aluminium and indium doping on structural and optical properties of ZnO nanoparticles prepared by mechanochemical processing", International Journal of the Institute of Materials Malaysia (IJIMM), Vol: 1 (2013).
[5]. S. C. Ko, Y. C. Kim, S. S. Lee, S. H. Choi, and S. R. Kim, "Micromachined piezoelectric membrane acoustic device," Sensors and Actuators, A, vol. 103, no. 1-2, pp. 130–134, 2003.
[6]. D. Zaouk, Y. Zaatar, R. Asmar, and J. Jabbour, "Piezoelectric zinc oxide by electrostatic spray pyrolysis," Microelectronics Journal, vol. 37, no. 11, pp. 1276–1279, 2006.

Abstract: This study assessed the College chemistry teachers assessment of their usage of eleven pedagogical methods in the National Commission for Colleges of Education (NCCE) Benchmark. The study also monitored the influence of teachers qualification and gender on the usage of these methods. The study was carried out in both Federal and State Colleges of Education in the five States in South-East zone of Nigeria. The sample for the study comprises of all the sixty-one (61) chemistry teachers drawn from the seven colleges (state & federal) in the five States. Three research questions and the three hypotheses guided this work. 55-item questionnaire constructed by the researcher from the eleven pedagogical methods in the Benchmark was used as instrument for data collection.

[1]. Atume, F. (2011). Appraising science and engineering education in Nigeria. The mind opener issue I (19) 24-28
[2]. Braimoh, D. (2000). What makes an adult learner. Macmillan Nigeria publisher Ltd.
[3]. Ekuri, E.E. (2008). An impact of evaluation of a science project on science learning outcomes in cross river state.
[4]. Ibole, P.M. (2009). Linking students' day-to-day activities with selected topies in senior secondary school chemistry. In 2009 STAN chemistry panel workshop proceedings, Kanol Abioye Dynamic Printers.
[5]. Josiah, M.M. & Okooboh (2001). The role of government in science and technology education in Nigeria. Journal of education. Issue 1 (1) 14-119.
[6]. Mdioha, O.F. (2007). Effect of constructivist based instructional mode on senior secondary students' achievement in biology. STAN 50th Annual Conf. Proceeding 98-101.

Abstract: This study assessed the students' assessment of their chemistry teachers' usage of the eleven pedagogical methods in the National Commission for Colleges of Education (NCCE) benchmark. It also assessed the influence of college ownership and gender on the usage. The study was carried out in Federal and State owned Colleges in the five States in South-East zone of Nigeria. The sample for the study comprises of two hundred (200) final year chemistry students drawn from the seven Colleges in the five States in the zone. Three research quests and three hypotheses guided the study. 55-item questionnaire constructed by the researcher from the eleven pedagogical methods in the Benchmark was used as instrument for data collection. This instrument was validated by experts in the field and reliability sought and established using Cronbach alph technique and was found to be 87.

[1]. Abakpa, B.O; Agbo-Egwu, A.O; & Takor, D. (2013). Challenges of attaining millennium development goals in Nigeria through mathematics curriculum delivery. 54th Annual conf. of science teachers association of Nigeria (3-9).
[2]. Akpan, B.B (2008). Nigeria and the future of science education. Appreciation address in honour of emeritus Professor Napoleon Bryant Jr. Yenagoa 28th Aug; Oluseyi press Ltd Ibadan.
[3]. Atume F. (2011). Appraising science and engineering education in Nigeria. The mind opener 19, (24-28).
[4]. Braimoh, D. (2000). What makes an adult learner. Macmillan Nigeria Publisher Ltd.
[5]. Federal Ministry of Education (2004). National Policy Education. A publication of the Federal ministry of education Abuja.
[6]. Mohammade, A.U, Shehu, U. & Gwandu, A.D. (2011). Way forward for science, technology, engineering and mathematics education in Nigeria. Proceedings of the 52nd Annual conference of Science teachers association of Nigeria 114-124.