Volume-3 ~ Issue-1

Abstract: A new flavonol glycoside was isolated from the flowers of Moringa pterygosperma (Moringeaeae). It has been isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of ethanolic extract of the flowers of plant. The structure of this compound was determined as Rhamnetin 3-0- (2'' galloyl) – 𝛽-D-galacto pyranosyl 4`– 𝛽-D- xyloside on the basis of UV, IR, 1HNMR, C13-NMR and mass spectral data.
Keywords :Flavonol glycoside, Moringa pterygosperma, Moringaecae, rhamnetin, ethanolic extract.

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Abstract: A new zeolite catalyst acylation of alcohols and phenols is developed. It is highly efficient method and the Na-Y zeolite is a reusable catalyst, hence it provides and green route in synthetic organic chemistry.
Keywords : Na-Y zeolite, Green route, acylation

[[1] Schelhaas, M.; Waldmann, H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996,35,2056
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Abstract: voltammetric to prepare Fe (1-5)-Co-Ni/s electrocatalyst electrodes with stainless steel as working electrode, Ag/AgCl as a reference electrode and platinum as an auxiliary electrode. The integer number (1 to 5) after the Fe metal shown the percentage of Fe content (wt.%) on the Fe1-5-Co-Ni/s electrodes 57.09, 61.96, 68.07, 71.81 and 74.71 wt.%. The composition of stainless steel substrat before coating is determined by SEMEDAX. The Characters of Fe1-5-Co-Ni/s as electrocatalyst electrodes were determined by linear and cyclic voltammetric methods and SEM-EDAX method. The voltammetric methods studied electrochemical behavior, and SEM-EDAX method studied electrode surface morfology and determine semiquantitative elemental composition. The Fe1-5-Co-Ni/s electrodes had been applied for water electrolysis in base solution by adding 1 - 5 gram of NaHCO3 in one liter water.
Keywords :stainless steel, coating, Fe1-5-Co-Ni/s electrocatalyst electrodes

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Abstract: The photosensitized reaction of the 4 – Methylthiazole (4-MT) with benzophenone (BP) in aqueous alkaline medium using visible light has been studied to mineralize 4MT to less toxic ions. 4-MT shows the λmax at 245 nm iin the pH range of 2 -12. The triplet – triplet energy transfer from the triplet excited state of the aromatic ketone benzophenone to the substrate molecule takes place during the photosensitized reaction. The triplet excited 4-MT breaks down on further exposure and photoproduct formation takes place. The reaction shows the participation of singlet oxygen during the photoreaction. The sulfate has been observed as photoproduct. The apparent rate of the reaction has been calculated and the effect of pH, concentration of the sensitizer, the light intensity on the apparent rate of the reaction has been studied. The quantum efficiency of the photochemical reaction is calculated using potassium ferri oxalate actinometer and the effect of the concentration of the substrate on the quantum efficiency is calculated. The reaction mechanism and the excited states involved have been suggested.
Keywords :4-Methylthiazole, Photosensitizer reaction, Exciplex formation, Singlet oxygen, Dipole-dipole energy transfer mechanism

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Abstract: At eutectic point the composition was richer with that component which had lower density in comparison to the component of higher density namely; Malonic acid(50%)-Succinic acid(50%) -stoichiometric ratio1:1, Malonic acid(40%)-Benzoic acid(60%) - stoichiometric ratio2:3, Succinic acid(30%)-Benzoic acid(70%) -stoichiometeic ratio1:2.3, Salicylic acid(50%)-Malonic acid(50%) -stoichiometric ratio1:1, Salicylic acid(30%)-Benzoic acid(70%) -stoichiometric ratio 1:2.3, Benzoic acid(70%)-Oxalic acid(30%)- stoichiometric ratio2.3:1.Components with similar densities were having stoichiometric ratio 1:1 whereas components with different densities were having different stoichiometric ratios and at the eutectic point the component with lower density could accommodate the other component with higher density into its empty sites, that's why at eutectic point the component with lower density was found to be present in higher proportions in comparisons to the other component with higher density. In this way, after mixing, the components were present in the free spaces of each other due to which old strong forces get weakened to the maximum extent and hence melting point of the eutectic mixture became lowest.
Keywords :Eutectic Mixture, Oxalic acid(C2H2O4 ), Malonic acid(C3H4O4), Succinic acid(C4H6O4 ), Salicylic acid(C7H6O3), Benzoic acid(C7H6O2).

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Abstract: Composites based on Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) and Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) has been prepared by static and dynamic vulcanization techniques. The effect of PVC as a filler on interactions of EPDM with three fuels viz; petrol, kerosene and diesel has been studied. The solvent transport was found to decrease with increase in PVC content in the composites. Diesel showed the lowest interaction with the composites compared to petrol and kerosene. The effect of cross linking system and the type of vulcanization on the swelling behavior has also been studied.
Keywords :Polymer composites, interaction with fuels and factors affecting sorption.

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Abstract: The selective introduction of acetonide as a protecting group for various diols has been achieved in an excellent yield under mild reaction conditions. The diol is transformed into acetonide with acetone and a cation exchange resin in solvent free condition.
Keywords :Acetonide, diols, resins.

[1] Green, I. W.; Wuts, P.G.M. Protective groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd edition, Wiley and Sons, New York 1999, 116

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[5] Kumar, P.; Dinesh, C.U.; Reddy, R. S.; Pande, B. Synthesis 1993,1069

[6] West, R.; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958,80,3246

[7] The cation exchange resins were obtained from Ion exchange India Ltd. Amberlite, Tulsion, Indion, Amberlyst were used as a catalyst for acetonide preparation.

Abstract: A novel method for the emulsion liquid membrane extraction and separation of antibiotic cefadroxil from 1 x 10-2 mol/dm3 HCl feed phase using cyanex301 has been developed. Cefadroxil has been stripped from organic phase with carbonate buffer of pH 9.0 and determined spectrophotometrically at 230 nm. The method developed has been applied for the selective separation of cefadroxil from synthetic industrial effluent. The method developed is rapid, simple and excels most of the conventional techniques because of following merits such as low energy requirements, compact modular device, simultaneous extraction and stripping in the same device, zero pollution and use of mild to moderate process conditions. The method developed is reproducible with a relative standard deviation of 0.42 %.
Keywords :Emulsion liquid membrane, Cefadroxil, Cyanex301.

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Abstract: Cardiovascular disease remains the major cause of morbidity and death in developed countries, claiming 17.1 million lives a year. Tobacco use, an unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and harmful use of alcohol increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes .Atherosclerosis (also known as arteriosclerotic vascular disease or ASVD) is the condition in which an artery wall thickens as the result of a build-up of fatty materials such as cholesterol. Though statins drugs are widely used for the treatment of atherosclerosis it also causes many side effects likes liver failure, rhabdomyolysis kidney failure etc. In this paper, we summarized the in silico methods used to enhance the understanding of Lanosterol synthase, particularly in its binding site, to design new drug molecules for the inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis. Several computational methods such as docking approaches, molecular dynamics studies, quantum mechanical studies, among other physicochemical methods that exhibit quantitative structure-activity relationships have been used for this purpose.

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[4] Chemistry, 18, Number 8, 2011
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[7] Masayuki Mori1, Guixin Li1, Ikuro Abe2, Jun Nakayama3, Zhanjun Guo1, Jinko Sawashita1, Tohru Ugawa4, Shoko Nishizono5,
Tadao Serikawa6, Keiichi Higuchi1 and Seigo Shumiya7,
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[9] Ralf Thoma, Tanja Schulz-Gasch, Brigitte D'Arcy, Jörg Benz, Johannes Aebi, Henrietta Dehmlow, Michael Hennig, Martine Stihle
and Armin Ruf-,Nature 2004 432, 118-1224
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Abstract: Equlibrium sorption of the phosphoric acid modified rice husk was studied. The Physico-chemical properties of the modified rice husk were determined. The equilibrium sorption data were fitted into Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich (DRK) isotherms. Of the four adsorption isotherm, the R2 value of Langmuir isotherm model was the highest. The maximum monolayer coverage (Qo) from Langmuir isotherm model was determined to be 101.01mg/g, the separation factor indicating a favourable sorption experiment is 0.133. Also from Freundlich Isotherm model, the sorption intensity (n) which indicates favourable sorption and the correlation value are 1.6 and 0,89 respectively. The heat of sorption process was estimated from Temkin Isotherm model to be 25.34J/mol and the mean free energy was estimated from DRK isotherm model to be 0.7KJ/mol which vividly proved that the adsorption experiment followed a physical process.
Keywords: Heavy metals, Isotherms, Rice husk and Sorption.

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[2] A.K. Bhattacharya, S.N. Mandal, S.K. Das, Adsorption of Zn(II) from aqueous solution by using different adsorbents, Journal Chem. Eng. 123 , 2006, 43–51.
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[9] R.O. Milind., D. Julie, and J. Snehal (2009). ‗‗Comparative adsorption studies on Activated Rice Husk and Rice Husk Ash by using Methylene Blue as dye,'' International Congress on Environmental Research at Bits Pilani GOA, 1 – 11
[10] C. Ken-Sen, T. Jhy-Ching and L. Chieh-Tsung. ‗‗The adsorption of Congo red and Vacuum pump oil by rice hull ash'' Journal of Bioresources Tech. 78, 2001, 217 – 291

Abstract: The solid complexes of 1-(1H-Benzimidazol-2-yl)ethanone [2-Acetylbenzimidazol = AcbzH], and 1-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenone [2-benzoylbenzimidazol = BnbzH] with Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) of compositions M(LH)2X2nH2O. (M = CoII, NiII or CuII, LH = AcbzH or BnbzH, X = Cl- or NO3-, ½ SO42- , n = 0 or 2), Cu(LH)X2 (LH = AcbzH or BnbzH and X = Cl- or Br-), ML2 nH2O (M = CoII, NiII or CuII, LH = AcbzH or BnbzH and n = 0 or 2) and [ML2Py2] (M = CoII or NiII and LH = AcbzH or BnbzH) have been isolated and characterised from the studies of magnetic susceptibility electrical conductance and spectral studies. The derivatographic studies of some complexes have been performed to assess their stability.
Keywords: Benzimidazole derivatives, Characterisation, Derivatographic studies, Metal complexes, Synthesis.

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Abstract: Dust samples were collected from car wind screen packed by the road sides in different locations in Aba north and South Local Government Area of Abia State, Nigeria and analyzed for heavy metals using Parkin Elma Pye Unican 400 Absorption Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results indicated the range of concentration as Chromium; 89.75 ± 1.95 to 114.70 ± 4.0mg/kg at Asa Nnetu, Lead; 297.05 ± 2.0mg/kg at Aba North 2 to 652.05 ± 17.44mg/kg at Asa Nnetu, Copper; 12.75 ± 0.70mg/kg to 34.75 ± 0.75 at Asa Nnetu, Vanadium; 73.70 ± 3.4mg/kg to 113.30 ± 0.26mg/kg in Aba South 2, Iron; 2701.50 ± 1.5 to 2798.33 ± 2.65mg/kg in Asa Nnetu. Manganese, (Mn); 87.30 ± 1.5 in Aba North 11 to 124.50 ± 1.32mg/kg in Asa Nnetu. Cadmium (Cd); 8.0 1.0 in Asa Nnetu to 13.50 ± 0.50 mg/kg in Aba South 1. Statistics showed significant variation in concentrations of Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn and Hg in the two local government areas. Similarly, the concentrations of Cr, Pb, Cu, Cd, Ni, and Hg were above the Nigeria National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) soil quality for industries. The results indicated various levels of dust pollution by heavy metals in the area and so calls for concern due to the health implication of these metals.
Keywords: car window screen, heavy metals, pollution.

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