Volume-4 ~ Issue-4

Abstract: We have been prepared Semiconducting oxide material like TiO2, SiO2, TiO2-SiO2 and TiO2/SiO2 thin films for taken different composition by using hydrothermal method. All these elements were deposited on the glass substrate. In this films are acted on the p and n type working with the majority carrier are recombination of electron and hole .This material is N type but it will acted p-type Ti and Si. Thin films were Characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UV. From the UV Studies we have analysis the energy gap (Eg), refractive index (n) and extinction co efficient.

Keywords: TiO2, SiO2, TiO2-SiO2 and TiO2/SiO2 thin films, XRD, UV and SEM

[1]. Mindaugas andrulevičius,sigitas tamulevičius, yuriy gnatyuk3, Nadija vityuk, natalia smirnova, anna eremenko, Mater.Sci.14,2008, 1.
[2]. Abbas Hodroj,Odette Chaix-Pluchery, Marc Audier, Ulrich Gottlieb and Jean-Luc Deschanvres J .Mater.Res. 23, (3), 2008, 755.
[3]. Jong-Gul Yoon, Hun Kyoo Oh and Young Jik Kwag, J.Kor. Phys. Soci. 33,(6),1998, 699-704.
[4]. Emil Indrea, Anca Peter, Danut T Silipas, Simina Dreve, Ramona-Crina Suciu, Marcela Corina Rosu, Virginia Danciu and Veronica Cosoveanu, J. Phys. Conf. Series 182, 2009, 012066.
[5]. F. Gracia , F. Yubero , J.P. Holgado , J.P. Espinos, A.R. Gonzalez-Elipe ,T. Girardeau, Else.Thin Solid Films 500 ,2006, 19 -26.
[6]. A. Thangaraj, M.J. Eapen, S. Sivasanker, and P. Ratnasamy ZEOLITES, 12, 1992, 943-950.
[7]. Jung Wook Lim, Sun Jin Yun, and Je Ha Kim, ETRI Journal, 31, (6), 2009, 675-679.
[8]. A. SLAV, 6, ( 3), 2011, 915 – 920.
[9]. Mindaugas ANDRULEVICIUS,Sigitas TAMULEVICIUS,Yuriy GNATYUK,Nadija VITYUK,Natalia SMIRNOVA,Anna EREMENKO, Mat.Sci.14,(1),2008,8-14.

Abstract: The Violet tree as it is called is scientifically identified as Securidaca longepedunculata from the family polygalaceae. It is called in Hausa as Sanya. This study investigated the emulsifying power of Violet Plant Root (VPR). This paper discusses the emulsion formation /capacity of VPR at different concentrations of 1 g/100 ml, 2 g/100 ml, 4g/100 ml and 6 g/100 ml. The emulsion capacity of two other synthetic detergents (called Samples A and B) were studied and compared with that of VPR at the same concentration rate. In all, it was observed that the emulsion formation/capacity of VPR showed better creaming behavior than Samples A and B and the creaming stability gradually decreases in VPR but faster in Samples A and B. The emulsion formation/capacity of VPR at 1 g/100 ml concentration was higher than that of Samples A and B. At concentration of 1 g/100 ml and determination time of 0.5 h to 48 h, VPR, Samples A and B the emulsion formation was at the range of 98.40 % to 70 %; 96.70 % to 64.17 % and 98.30 % to 65.00 % respectively. For 2 g/100 ml concentration and at the same time frame as in 1 g/100 ml VPR exhibited also a higher emulsion formation/capacity than Samples A and B with a range of 97.50 % to 63.30 %; 96.70 % to 60.00 % and 95.00 % to 56.60 % for VPR, Samples A and B respectively. For 4 g/100 ml concentration, VPR, Samples A and B had a range of emulsion formation/ capacity of 93.30 % to 61.60 %; 91.60 % to 48.30 % and 95.00 % to 50.00 % respectively for 0.5 h to 48 h determination time. For 6 g/100 ml concentration, VPR, Samples A and B also had an emulsion formation/capacity range of 91.70 % to 66.70 %; 98.30 % to 63.30 % and 85.80 % to 62.50 % respectively within the time frame of 0.5 h to 48 h. On observation of emulsion formation/capacity at different concentrations there is an indicates that VPR is a good emulsifier as it promotes emulsion formation at low and high concentrations and also VPR shows a better emulsion stability at different concentration than Samples A and B on storage over a long period of over six months.

Keywords: VPR, emulsion, capacity, concentration.

[1]. Adebayo, J.S.(2001)Investigation into the emulsifying properties of Konkoli (Maesopsis eminii) B. Tech project Chemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, Yola,Nigeria.pp1.- 27.Arbonnier, M.(2004) Trees, Shrubs, and Lianas of West African Dry Zone, Cfra Margrat Publishers, GMBH, Netherland, pp435.
[2]. Dalziel, J.M (1937) The useful Plant of West Tropical African, Whitefriare Press Ltd, London pp27-28.
[3]. Darling , D.F. and Birketti R.J (1987) In Food Emulsions and Foams (ed. Dickinson E.), Royal Society of Chemistry, London, U.K. PP1-29.
[4]. Dickinson, E. and Stainsby G.(1988) Emulsion Stability. In: Advance in food emulsions and Foams. Dickinson E,.Stainsby G.(eds),Etsevier.1-44.
[5]. Dickson, E. (2003) "Hydrocolloids at interfaces and the influence on the properties of dispersed system‟ Food Hydrocoll, 17 (1) pp25-37.
[6]. Fell, J.T(1988) Surface and Interfacial Phenomena: Pharmaceutics the science of Dosage from Design (Aulton, M.E, Editor) ISE Churchchill Livingstone, New York, pp60-61
[7]. Garrett, H.E.(1997) Surface Active Chemicals, Pergamon Press, New York pp30,32,34,44,47,51- 57.
[8]. Hawksins, W.L. (1997) "Stabilizer‟ in: Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 17(8th edition) 299-300
[9]. Keay, R.W.(1989) Trees of Nigeria, Clarendon Press, Oxford, New York,pp48
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Abstract: Five mineral composition (macro element) and proximate composition of the mesocarp of the three common varieties of Terminalia catappa were investigated using standard analytical procedure with a view to evaluating their nutritional potential. The proximate composition of the fruit samples revealed the moisture content 4.81±0.01 to 7.48±0.002, Crude protein; 5.21±0.08 to 6.94±0.08, Crude fibre; 17.27±0.01 to 55.77± 0.004, Crude Fat; 3.66±0.001 to 7.66±0.002, ash; 2.05±0.01 to 7.14±0.01 and nitrogen free extract 25.77±0.04 to 54.79±0.02. The mineral content of the three samples indicated that P, Na, Ca, Mg and K are the most abundant of the five minerals examined. The study revealed that both the chemical composition and proximate composition are comparable with other fruits. Also, the three varieties do not vary much from each other. The representative anti nutritional factors- tannis and phytate was reported present at concentrations that may not pose health problems for human consumption. The study recommended that the three varieties are good for human consumption like other fruits.

[1] AOAC, (1990) Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 15th Ed. Washington D C
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Abstract: The proximate and physicochemical analyses of Beniseed (Sesamum indicum) were carried out. The seed contains 4.12% moisture, 31.59% crude protein, 32.60% crude fat, 10.85% crude fibre, 5.27% ash and 26.41% carbohydrate. The physicochemical characteristics of the golden yellow oil are as follows: acid value (4.49 ± 0.10 mgKOH/g), iodine value (85.75 ± 0.92 g/100g oil), saponification value (71.95±0.20 mgKOH/g), peroxide value (2.65 ± 0.21) and refractive index (1.40 ± 0.01). The seed was also found to be good sources of minerals; calcium (9190 ± 55.68mg/kg), potassium (4713.33 ± 35.12mg/kg) and magnesium (3508.33 ± 2.89mg/kg). 5% of Beniseed oil was incorporated into the formulation of albino rat feed. This feed served as the test diet while 5% of groundnut oil replaced Beniseed oil in the control diet. There were increments in the proximate composition of the compounded feed. The experiment which lasted for eight weeks showed that the albino rats appeared to suffer no toxicological effect and weekly monitoring showed good physical appearance. The rats in the test group consumed more feed and recorded significant body weight gain when compared to their counter parts in the control group. Blood indices were analyzed for in the test and control rats and the results obtained revealed no adverse effect. There was no significant difference between the histopathology of the rat tissues harvested from the two groups. Beniseed appeared to be promising as a replacement for the more conventional edible oils already employed in cooking and other industrial applications.

Key words: Beniseed, nutritional composition, physicochemical characteristics, albino rats, diet.

[1]. Adebowale, A.A., Sanni, S.A. and Odusami, B.O. (2007). Proximate and sensory propertiesof cassava-cowpea snacks. Proceedings of 31st Annual Conference and General Meeting of Nigerian Institute of Food Science and Technology.
[2]. Adebowale, K.O. and Adedire, C.O. (2006). Chemical composition and insecticidal properties of the underutilized Jatropha curcas seed oil. African Journal of Biotechnology 5 (10): 901-906.
[3]. Ajayi, I.A., Dawodu, F.A., Adebowale, K.O. and Oderinde, R.A. (2002). Chemical composition of Pentaclethra macrophylla seeds and seed oil grown in Nigeria. La Rivista Italiana Sostanze Grasse. 79: 183-185.
[4]. Ajayi, I.A., Oderinde, R.A., Ogunkoya, B.O., Egunyomi, A. and Taiwo, V.O. (2007). Chemical analysis and preliminary toxicological evaluation of Garcinia mangostana seeds and seeds oil. Food Chemistry. 101: 999-1004.
[5]. Ali, M.A., Sayeed, M.A., Reza, M.S., Yeasmin, M.S. and Khan, A.M. (2008). Characteristics of seed oils and nutritional compositions of seeds from different varieties of Momordica charantia Linn. Cultivated in Bangladesh. Czech Journal of Food Science. 26: 275-283.
[6]. Alyemeni, M.N., Basahy, A.Y. and Sher, H. (2011). Physico-chemical analysis and mineral composition of some sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) grown in the Gizan area of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 5 (2): 270-274.
[7]. Aremu, M.O., Olanisakin, A., Bako, D.A. and Madu, P.C., (2006). Compositional studies and physiochemical characteristics of cashew nut (Anarcadium occidentale) flour. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 5 (4): 328-333.
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Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different home storage conditions and preservation on some chemical constituents of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). The experiment involved three post-harvest treatments comprising of fruits without preservative used as the control, fruits preserved with groundnut oil and fruits preserved with salt. All these were further divided into sub samples and subjected to different home storage conditions for the period of 8 weeks. The tomato samples were evaluated for changes in total solid, insoluble solid, pH, sugar, salt content, ascorbic acid and ash contents. Results obtained indicated that total soluble solid, insoluble solid, pH, sugar, salt, ascorbic acid and ash contents of fresh and dehydrated samples decreased with different storage conditions while their acidity showed an increase. Powdered tomato samples were found to withstand long term storage and their chemical constituents showed minimal change over the period of the study. The results revealed that preservation by powdering technique proved to be a better technique and worthy of further industrial investigation.

Key words: Chemical constituents, Lycopersicon esculentum, home storage, preservation,.

[1]. Akbudak, B. & Akbudak, N. (2007). Effect of hot water treatment and modified atmosphere packaging on the quality and cold storage life of cherry tomatoes. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 44: 216-219.
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Abstract: The high cost and environmental problems associated with the use of petroleum - based monomers for synthesis of binders can be solved by the use of locally sourced vegetable oils as precursor for synthesis of binders. The polymers from the latter are biodegradable and cheaper than petroleum polymers. The GC-MS result revealed that melon seed oil contains octadec – 14, 17 – dienoic acid (56.86%) as the most abundant fatty acid. Four sets of alkyd samples formulated by varying the percentage of melon seed oil contents were synthesised according to the alcoholysis-polyesterification process. The effect of oil lengths and oil quality on properties such as the drying schedule, hardness, gloss, colour, and chemical resistance of the alkyds were evaluated. Short oil alkyd of crude and refined oil possessed the best hardness, drying time and resistant to 5% brine solution. These properties were comparable to those of the soya alkyd paints.

Key words- Alcoholysis, Alkyd resins, Biopolymers, Coatings, Melon seed oil

[1] Tu, Y, Kiatsimkul, P., Suppes, G. and Hsieh, F. Physical properties of water-blown rigid polyurethane foams from vegetable oil-based polyols. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 105, 2007, 453-459.

[2] Mukhtar, A., Habib, U and Mukhtar, H. Fatty acid composition of tobacco seed oil and synthesis of alkyd resin. Chinese Journal of Chemistry, 25, 2007, 705-708. [3] Huang, K., Casmir, C. and Erickson, M. C. Enzymatic modification of melon seed oil: incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry. 42,1994, 2646-2648.

[4] Milovanović, M. and Pićurić-Jovanović, K. Characteristics and composition of melon seed oil Journal of Agricultural Science, 50 (1), 2005, 41- 47.

[5] Shabeer, A., Sundararaman, S., Chandrashekhara, K., and Dharani, L. R. Physicochemical properties and fracture behaviour of soy-based resin. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 105, 2007, 656-663.

[6] Ekpa, O. D. and Isaac, I. O. Kinetic studies on polyesterification of unsaturated oils and diacids in the alcoholysis process. Research Journal of Applied Science, 4 (4), 2009, 125-128.

[7] Ogunniyi, D. S. and Odetoye, T. E. Preparation and evaluation of tobacco seed oil-modified alkyd resins. Bioresource Technology, 99, 2008, 1300-1304.

[8] Ekpa, O. D. and Isaac, I. O. The use of metallic soaps from cottonseed oil and soybean oil-based alkyd resins in paint production. New Era Research Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology, 1 (3 & 4), 2008, 1-14.

[9] Onukwli, O. D. and Igbokwe, P. K. Production and characterization of castor oil-modified alkyd resins. Journal of Engineering and Applied Science, 3 (2), 2008, 161-165.

[10] Ikhuoria, E. U., Aigbodion, A. I. and Okieimen, F. E. Enhancing the quality of alkyd resins using methyl esters of rubber seed oil.Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 3 (1), 2004, 311-317.

Abstract: The present work is an endeavor to study and trace out good quality bentonite having commercial values from the different parts of Jharkhand hills particularly Sahibganj, Dumka, Godda, Deoghar, Lohardagga and Daltaganj. The work involved survey and sample collection of bentonite samples from the region and their analysis using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The XRF analysis of twenty three samples was done to obtain chemical composition, which was then used for derivation of the theoretical molecular formula. XRF technique has been used for the first time for determining the Chemical Composition of bentonite of Jharkhand hills. The analysis indicates that all the samples except one are good quality bentonites.

Keywords - Bentonite, Chemical Composition, Jharkhand Bentonite, Theoretical formula

[1] Arushi Gupta, M. Kumar, A.K. Jha, B.K. Mishra, J. Choudhary and Bivekanand Mishra, Chemical Composition and Molecular Formula of Rajmahal Bentonite (Jharkhand) Asian Journal of Chemistry, 23(12), 2011, 5491-5494.
[2] Arushi Gupta, M. Kumar, J. Choudhary and Bivekanand Mishra, TGA and TG studies of Rajmahal Hills Bentonites of Jharkhand in India, Communicated to Journal of Indian Chemical Society, 2013.
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[10] J. Choudhary, PhD thesis, T.M Bhag. Univ., 1985.

Abstract: Many host lattices have been investigated, as it is known that the effect of the host lattice in luminescence is complex, therefore this work seek to investigate Cesium Thiocyanate (CsSCN) as a suitable host lattice in luminescence. Cesium Thiocyanate is doped with EU2+ and the Luminescence of the doped compound measured. CsSCN was prepared from Cd(SCN)2 and Ca(CO)3. The prepared CsSCN was then doped with 0.05% EU2+ at 220oc. The Luminescence spectra of the CsSCN:EU2+ was measured using a D5000-diffractometer. The emission spectra obtained is broad with the maximum at 19801cm-1. The spectra obtained were in agreement with typical thiocynante spectra that were doped with EU2+. CsSCN can therefore be used as a host lattice with some minor problems of decomposition by products.

Key Words: Cesium Thiocyanate, Luminescence, Host lattice.

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Abstract: Some macrocyclic complex compounds of Ni (II), Cu (II) and Fe (II) containing a ligand having tetraoxotetrahydrazin moity are synthesized by template condensation of malonodihydrazide (C3H8N4O2) with different aldehydes. The complexes are characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, UV-visible & IR spectroscopy, magnetic moment and conductance measurement and other physical properties. The IR spectrum study of the complex compounds suggests that ligand coordinates to metal ions through the nitrogen atoms from the tetraoxotetrahydrazin moity. Antibacterial activity of the derived complex compounds, as well as already used standard compound kanamycin, was tested on fourteen pathogenic bacteria. Given results were then compared to the efficacy of the Antibacterial activity of standard compound kanamycin used for control of these pathogenic bacteria.

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