Volume-6 ~ Issue-1

Abstract: ZnS nanoparticles are prepared by coprecipitation method using various capping agents like PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone), PVA (polyvinylalcohol) and PEG-4000 (polyethyleneglycol). These are characterized by UV-Visible spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies, Fourier Transform Infra-red spectra (FTIR) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). UV-Visible absorption spectra are used to find the optical band gap and the values obtained have been found to be in the range of 3.80-4.00eV. The particle size of nanoparticles calculated from XRD pattern has been in the range of 2-4 nm. It is also observed that the particle size of nanoparticle is affected by the nature of capping agent. Photo catalytic degradation of xylenol orange (XO) by the nanoparticles shows that these act as photo catalysts under sunlight irradiation. The XO dye was degraded more than 87.24, 83.42 and 73.05% in the presence of PEG-4000, PVA and PVP capped ZnS nanoparticles in 120, 150 and 180 min. respectively. The kinetics of catalyzed by synthesized ZnS nanoparticles with XO dye follows pseudo-first order kinetics with reasonable apparent rate constants.

Keywords: Coprecipitation method, Kinetic study, Photocatalytic activity, Xylenol orange, ZnS nanoparticle.

[1]. A.D. Dinsmore, D.S. Hsu, H.F. Gray, S.B. Qadri, Y. Tian, B.R. Ratna, Mn-doped ZnS nanoparticles as efficient low-voltage cathodoluminescent phosphors. Appl. Phys. Lett., 75, 1999, 802-804.

[2]. R. Maity, K.K. Chattopadhyay, Synthesis and optical characterization of ZnS and ZnS:Mnnanocrystalline thin films by chemical route. Nanotechnology, 15, 2004, 812-816.

[3]. J. Tittel, W. Gohde, F. Koberling, Th. Basche, A. Kornowski, H. Weller, A. Eychmuller, Fluorescence Spectroscopy on Single CdSNanocrystals. J. Phys. Chem. B, 101, 1997, 3013-3016.

[4]. S. Mahamuni, K. Borgohain, B.S. Bendre, V.J. Leppert, S.H. Risbud, Spectroscopic and structural characterization of electrochemically grown ZnO quantum dots. J. Appl. Phys., 85, 1999, 2861-2865.

[5]. A.L. Rogach, NanocrystallineCdTe and CdTe(S) particles: wet chemical preparation, size-dependent optical properties and perspectives of optoelectronic applications. Mater. Sci. Eng. B, 69-70, 2000, 435-440.

[6]. L. Wang, X. Xu, X. Yuan, Preparation and photoluminescent properties of doped nanoparticles of ZnS by solid-state reaction. Journal of Luminescence, 130, 2010, 137-140.

Abstract: In the present review a discussion of simulation of IR spectral studies of some organic compound is presented. This review contains 80 references.

[1]. Raafat M. Issa, Abdalla M., Khedr and Helen R , 1H NMR, IR and UV/VIS Spectroscopic Studies of Some chiff Bases Derived
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Abstract: Simple, sensitive and selective methods are developed for the spectrophotometric determination of drugs, viz., Montelukast sodium, Prasugrel, Ondensetron, Rosuvastatin calcium, Amlodepine besylate based on their reactivity towards N- bromosuccinimide (NBS). The method involves the addition of excess NBS of known concentration in the presence of 1M HCl, reactants are allowed to react and the unreacted NBS is estimated by the measurement in the decrease in the absorbance of the Rhodamine-B dye (λmax 557nm). This method has been applied for the determination of drugs in their pure form as well as in tablet formulations.

Key Words: Drugs, Quantification, NBS, Rhodamine-B, spectrophotometry, Validation.

[1] Smita patil*, Y.V. Pore, B.S. Kuchekar, Aruna Mane And V.G. Khire; Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences(ijps);volume 71;issue 1; 58-61, 2009.

[2] Ochiai, H (H); Uchiyama, N (N); Takano, T (T); Hara, K (K); Kamei, T (T); J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl, published in NETHERLANDS. (Language: eng), -; vol 713 (issue 2): pp 409-14, Aug1998

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[4] Shakalisava Y, Regan F; J Sep Sci.; 31(6-7):1137-43 Apr 2008.

[5] Varun Pawar, Lalitha N, Puranik SB, Sanjay Pai P.N,Rao G.K; KONGPOSH publications; October2008

[6] M.SaeedArayne, Najma Sultana and Fida Hussain; Journal of Analytical Chemistry; Issue:; Pages 690-695; Volume 64, Number 7 / July, 2009.

[7] Yao Huang, Li Ding, Yuan-Yuan Liu, He-Ying Liu, Ai-Dong Wen, Lin Yang; Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18 (3): 261-266.

[8] J.V.Shanmukh Kumar, D.Ramachandran, V.S.Settaluri, C.Shechinah Felice, Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, Vol.3, No.1, 166-171, 2010

[9] J.V. Shanmukha Kumar, D. Ramachandran, K. Sushma and S. Vijay, Oriental journal of chemistry, Volume No. 026 Issue No.: 01, 2010.

[10] Tian E R, Ruterbories K J; Verburg E M; Weerakkody G J, Kurihara F N, American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2007; 35(6):917-921.

Abstract: The rate enhancement depends on the hydrophobicity of the nucleophile. The micellar catalyzed reaction between bis-4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenylphosphate ester and hydroxide or hydroperoxide anions has been examined in buffered medium (pH 8-10). First order rate constant (Kψ) for the reaction of hydroxide ion with bis-4-CDMPP go through maxima with the increasing concentration of cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTABr). Micelles of CTABr very effective catalyst to the reactions of phosphate diesters. Rate constants measured with OH2- ions are approximately twice and thrice than that of OH- ions in presence of CTABr.

Keywords: CTABr ,Micelles, Miceller Catalyses, 4-CDMPP.

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Abstract: A quick and convenient method has been developed for the micro estimation of antihistamine drugs. 1-5 mg of sample is allowed to react with 10 ml of 0.02 M, N-bromosaccharin solution. Unconsumed reagent can be accurately titrated with 5 ml of 15% KI and 0.02N sodium thiosulphate solution using starch as indica-tor. SD and CV was calculated for reproducible and accurate result. The accuracy of the method is within + 1 % and possible course of reaction was suggested on the basis of stoichiometry as well as find reaction product.

Keywords: Determination, Antihestamine, NBSA, Pharmaceutical preparation

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Abstract: Co(II)- Ofloxacin complex has been synthesized and screened for its physicochemical, microbial as well as pharmacological activity have been done in solid and aqueous phase. On the basis of elemental analysis, polarographic studies, amperometric titration and IR spectral studies the probable formula for the complex has been determined at 30±1OC and ionic strength of μ= 1.0[KCl]. Raper's paper disc method was used for microbial study against various pathogenic bacteria and fungi.Invivo syudy of Swiss mice [25-30gm] were used for antibacterial activity against ofloxacin and its complex on xyline-Alcoholic activity test Kidney, liver and serum of these rats were also studied. On the basis of observed result it could be concluded that Co(II)-Ofloxacin complex were found to be non-toxic and more potent than pure Ofloxacin.(1)

Keywords: Fe (III) – Antimicrobial activity, Ofloxacin, in vivo and in vitro ,polarographic and Amperometric study.

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Abstract: Ceiba Petandra is widely used in complementary medicine. Its stem bark extracts obtained via soxhlet extraction using n-hexane, acetone and ethanol gare alkaloids, Steroids, Saponins, Cardiac glycosides, triterpenes and tannins when screened phytochemically. These extracts were further investigated for their anti-bacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus klebsiella, pneumoniae and pseudomonas aeruginosa with ampicillina, as standard. Highest anti- bacterial activity with acetone extract at a concentration of 300mg/ml and least activity with ethanol extract at a concentration of 100mg/ml. n- Hexane extract showed no inhibition on the tested micro-organisms.

Key Words: Ceibs petandra, anti-bacterial activity, extracts, stem bark, phytochemical screening.

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Abstract: NMR spectroscopy has a wide range of applications including exchange phenomena, the identification and structural studies of complex biomolecules. 1D 1H-NMR without water suppression, 1D Carbon, 1D 13C-DEPT135, 2D Cosy, 2D HSQC, 2D TOCSY, 2D HMQC, and 2D HMBC techniques were used to completely elucidate the structure of glucose with spectral induced at 400MHz.. The spectral were analysed using spinworks 3. The results obtained from the spectral data were systematically combined to elucidate the structure of the D-glucose. Full characterisation of D-glucose was achieved by assigning 1H and 13C signals, starting from the known to unknown signals.

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Abstract: Six drugs viz., Astemizole, Cisapride, Domperidone, Pantoprazole, Rabeprazole and Trazadone were tested for the formation of charge transfer complexes with Iodine. Each of these drugs turned the violet coloured i.e iodine , in CH2Cl2, to brown and exhibited a new band at 366nm in addition to the original band of iodine at 510nm due to anion of the reagent whose intensity increased with increase in the concentration of the drugs and formed a basis for quantitative determination of the drugs. The complexes were found to have 1:1 composition and have stability of the order 10 3 to 10 4. The effect of the concentration reagent, polarity of solvent, interference of excipients have been studied and optimized. Dichloroethane (DCE) was found to be suitable solvent for the analysis. The methods have been validated in terms of ICH guidelines and applied to the quantification of pharmaceuticals. The variation of slopes of calibration plots and stability constants of the complexes are discussed in terms of structures of the drugs.

Key words. Spectrophotometry, Iodine, Drugs, Quantification, Validation.

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Abstract: The present study aims to understand the severity of Arsenic contamination along with the hydrochemistry of ground water in Lakhimpur Kheri, one of the largest districts in Uttar Pradesh, India. Ground water samples collected from 102 handpumps from 15 blocks were analyzed for physicochemical parameters and Arsenic. The groundwater quality data were analysed statistically. The characteristic features of groundwater indicated the presence of As (0- 0.224 mg/L), Fe (0.011-8.634mg/L), Na+ (2.84-62.12 mg/L), K+ (1.21-51.20 mg/L), Ca2+ (6-102mg/L), Mg2+ (10-126), Cl- (2.19-133.96 mg/L), SO42- (1-269.92 mg/L), NO3- (0.11-2.61 mg/L) and HCO3- (122-549 mg/L). The pH of the groundwater was found to be neutral to slightly alkaline (6.88-8.45) with high EC (471-1569 μS/cm) and TDS (289-1042 mg/L). Of the total samples analysed, 41.18% contained As > 10μg/L, 13.73% contained As < 10μg/L, while in the rest of the samples As was found to be below detectable limit. Severe As contamination was reported mainly in six blocks of the study area- Pallia, Nighasan, Dhawahara, Ramia Beher, Isanagar and Nakaha. The highly contaminated block was Pallia where all the samples contained As above permissible limit. However, maximum As concentration (0.224 mg/L) was reported from a deep well handpump of village Dubha from Nighasan block. Both Shallow and deep bore handpumps were analysed to study the distribution pattern of As with depth. No systematic relationship was found. Arsenic showed insignificant correlation with EC, TDS, TH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3-, NO3- Cl- and SO42- but poor correlation with Fe (r2 = 0.391) and pH (r2 = 0.018). Factor analysis was applied to reveal the processes controlling the hydrochemistry of groundwater and to understand the factors responsible for the release of As in groundwater of the study area. Extensive study in the affected areas advocates that the leaching of Arsenic in underground water is controlled by the magnitude of oxidizing environmental conditions created in the affected zones where As (III) oxidized to As (V) is introduced in the aquifers and gets adsorbed on iron rich grains.

Keywords: Arsenic, Factor analysis, Hydrochemistry, Pearson's correlation, Statistical analysis.

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