IOSR-JAP   Volume-1 ~ Issue-4 ~ July–August 2012

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Promising Application of Neodymium Oxide Nano Films in Microelectronics
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Arun Chandra Sarmah
	:	10.9790/4861-0140103

Abstract: The AC conduction mechanism of vacuum deposited Neodymium Oxide (Nd2O3) nano films with Aluminium top and counter electrodes were investigated at temperature range 302-528 K and within the thickness range 90-175 nm. The variations of capacitance (C) with frequency (0.06-50 kHz) at different temperatures were also observed. It was found that the capacitance was frequency dependent at all temperatures but almost independent in the high frequency range beyond 1 kHz. From the variation of dielectric loss (tanδ) with frequency it was seen that tanδ values decrease rapidly with frequency and attains a minimum value. The variation of C with T at various frequencies was also studied and was found that C almost remain constant almost upto 440 K and then increases sharply with temperature. At low frequencies C increases sharply with temperature. From the tanδ versus T characteristics at different frequencies it was observed that in the temperature range upto 460 K. tanδ almost remained constant but increased sharply with T at frequencies below 1 kHz or below. A non-linear variation of 1/C2 with voltage did not indicate the presence of Schottky barriers. Nd2O3 nano films show low capacitance density 0.0021 μF cm-2 and low dielectric loss 0.008 at 1 kHz and at 300 K. On account of stable properties, low dielectric loss and high dielectric constant the application of Nd2O3 nano films in electronic microcircuits will give promising result.
Keywords: AC conduction, activation energy, capacitance density, dielectric loss, dielectric constant

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Preliminary Measurements of Radon Radiations in "Bare Mode" In Rampur District of Western U.P. (India)
Country	:	India
Authors	:	M.S.A. Khan, M. Tariq, R.B.S.Rawat
	:	10.9790/4861-0140407

Abstract: Measurement of radon, thoron concentration and their daughter products in a dwelling of Rampur city and in the surrounding villages were carried out by using Solid-state nuclear track detectors (LR-115 type II) in a bare mode. The detectors were distributed over 32 houses. The indoor radon concentration was found to vary with building material, ventilation condition, occupant's behaviour and mode of constructions of houses. The radon value was found to be lower than recommended value under normal ventilation condition. The indoor radon concentrations were found to vary from 30 Bqm-3 to 85.36Bqm-3 with an average value of 62.36 Bq/m3.This value is lower than the ICRP recommended values of 200Bqm-and thus are within safe limits. The outdoor radon concentration is usually low and less than average indoor levels. It is also found that, in general, the radon level in lower floors is higher than that in upper ones in all houses.
Key Words: Indoor radon concentration, SSNTD's, Annual Effective Dose, Uttar Pradesh, environment.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Design of OTA-C Active Low Pass Filter Using Multiple OTA's
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Rajeshwari S. Mathad, M. M. Mutsaddi, S. V. Halse
	:	10.9790/4861-0140812

Abstract: The studies are carried out on OTA-C active filter using single OTA-C and multiple OTA-C filter . The multiple OTA-C filters have the advantage of tuning the floating inductor resulting in enhancement of gain and increase in cut-off frequency with increase in bias current. Different cases of tuning transconductance gm1, gm1, gm , and gm2 by changing the bias currents of multiple OTA 's are studied and results are discussed. The only one method of setting of gm1 gm1 greater than gmgm2 is an innovative in changing the cut off frequency as we have flexible tuning transconductances of gm1, gm1, gm and gm2 . Results are consistent and are encouraging in respect of tuning of transconductance with bias current under the condition of gm1 gm1 greater than gmgm2 . However an OTA-C active filter other than the studied criteria has the limitations in designing of filters.
Keywords: OTA Operational Transconductance Amplifier OTA-C Operational Transconductance Amplifier – Capacitance

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Habit Modification of Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate Crystals Doped With Metal Ions
Country	:	India
Authors	:	V.J.Priyadharshini, G. Meenakshi, Dr.K.Thamizharasan
	:	10.9790/4861-0141316

Abstract: Optically transparent single crystals of doped metal ion KAP crystals were grown in aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique at room temperature. Optical absorption studies revealed that doped crystals possess in the visible region. Transparency of the doped crystal is suitable for (NLO) application and UV is compared with pure KAP crystal. The doped crystals present an absorption band at nearly 325nm and 340nm.the other properties of KAP such as refractive index was analyzed.
Keywords : Solubility, Growth from solutions, Single crystal growth ,Metalorganic , Non linear optic materials

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Application of Satellite images and fuzzy set theory in Landslide hazard Mapping in Central Zab basin
Country	:	Malaysia
Authors	:	H. Shahabi, S. Khezri, B. B. Ahmad and H. Allahvirdiasl
	:	10.9790/4861-0141724

Abstract: Landslides are one kind of slopes processes have been take place in some area at worldwide and Iran every year, and they are associated with damaged, many people are harmed and losses their properties. The aim of this research landslide hazard assessment in central zab basin in the southwest mountainsides of West-Azerbaijan province, Iran by using information layers and effective factors in landslide hazard such us: slope, aspect, litho logy, land use, distance to drainage, distance to road, distance to fault and precipitation using fuzzy set theory, images satellite from Landsat ETM + sensor in 2009 and PAN sensor with 5.6 meters in 2010 from IRS-1D satellite, SPOT 5 satellite images in 2008, and GIS. The classification was done with histogram trend changes and available classifications. Weighting variables classes were determined between 0–1 (profusion proportion). Fuzzification each one of effective factors using IDRISI software terminated and after was assigned type and shape membership function. In this research, used J-shape membership function and gamma fuzzy operator to obtain landslide hazard susceptibility. Different maps of gamma fuzzy operator values 0.8 and 0.9 to make ready for study area. Obtained maps accuracy was evaluated with use of quality sum index (QS). Models evaluation results were showed 0.9 operator in gamma fuzzy model had best accuracy in making landslide susceptibility mapping in study area.
Key words- Landslide, Fuzzy theory, J-shape membership function, Gamma fuzzy operator, central Zab basin

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Structural, Thermal and Spectroscopic Studies on Zinc Doped Strontium Formate Dihydrate Crystals
Country	:	India
Authors	:	J. Angel Mary Greena, K. Karuppasamy, R. Antony, X. Sahaya Shajan and S. Kumaresan
	:	10.9790/4861-0142528

Abstract: Strontium formate dihydrate and zinc doped strontium formate dihydrate crystals were grown by slow evaporation method. The optimized growth parameters for growing these crystals were determined. The effect of zinc doping on the physic-chemical properties of strontium formate dihydrate crystals was studied by EDAX, PXRD, FTIR and TGA studies. EDAX studies confirmed the entry of the zinc into the crystal lattice. XRD studies showed that the lattice volume of strontium formate dihydrate crystals increase with doping concentration. Thermogravimetric analysis results obtained showed that the grown crystals were dihydrate.
Keywords: zinc doping, strontium formate crystals, physico-chemical properties, optical transmittance

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Theory of Universality
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Kasibhatla Surya Narayana
	:	10.9790/4861-0142946

Abstract: This theory is an attempt to describe the universal phenomena like space, time, matter and energy as an inter-relationship bound by a newly discovered force named as the universal force. The universal force is shown to be the force of gravitation, electricity, magnetism, strong nuclear and weak nuclear forces. I believe any other force, hitherto fore not discovered; also, can be explained in terms of this universal force. Liberal use of wave-particle duality, relativity, quantum concepts is made to achieve a harmonious and comprehensive synthesis of all the existing beliefs in physics into a new theory with some new concepts added here and there. While adding new concepts, enormous care has been taken to ensure that the existing beliefs are not contradicted. Moreover, the new concepts are proved to be correct theoretically by deriving the constants like G, σ , etc.,
Keywords: Space, Time, Matter , Energy, Universal Force

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Ionic Conductivity and Dielectric Studies of Chitin Nanofiber (CNF) Incorporated PMMA Based Polymer Electrolytes
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Shyly PM, Karuppasamy K, Linda T, Paitip Thiravetyan, Balakumar S and Sahaya Shajan X
	:	10.9790/4861-0144751

Abstract: Chitin nanofibers (CNF) are synthesized from shrimp cell chitin by stepwise purification and acid hydrolysis method. PMMA based polymer electrolytes complexed with LIN (CF3SO2)2 and chitin nanofibers as nanofiller have prepared by membrane hot-press technique. The prepared composite electrolytes are subjected to FT-IR, ac impedance, dielectric and modulus analyses. The incorporation of nanofiller in the polymer matrix increases the conductivity by an order of magnitude compared with filler free electrolytes. The complexation behavior of the composite polymer electrolytes are investigated by ATR FT -IR spectroscopy. The electric modulus analysis and dielectric studies of polymer electrolytes revealed that the non Debye dielectric relaxation nature.
Keywords: Chitin nanofiber, ac impedance, dielectric studies, electric modulus analysis

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