IOSR-JBM   Volume-4 ~ Issue-1 ~ Sep-Oct-2012

Abstract: Quality is considered as one of the important factors in differentiation and excellence of services and it is a basis of competitive advantage so that its understanding, measuring, and developing it are important challenges for all health services organizations. The objective of this research is to examine the service quality influence on patient loyalty in Apollo hospital of Mysore, service quality measures are based on some of the dimensions of the SERVQUAL, in this study four dimensions namely responsiveness, empathy, reliability and tangible were considered. The research is purely based on primary data, the data has been collected by 185 respondents by using structures questionnaire. The data has been analyzed by using one sample t test and regression analysis. The results revealed that all the four dimensions were positively related to patient's loyalty.
Keywords –Apollo hospital, customer loyalty, service quality

[1] Arasli H, Ekiz EH, Katircioglu ST: Gearing service quality into public and private hospitals in small islands: empirical evidence from Cyprus. Int J Health Care Qual Assur 2008, 21:8-23.
[2] Dagger TS, Sweeney JC, Johnson LW: A hierarchical model of health service quality. J Serv Res 2007, 10:123-142.
[3] Dawn AG, Lee PP: Patient expectations for medical and surgical care: a review of the literature and applications to ophthalmology. Surv Ophthalmol 2004, 49:513-524.
[4] De Man S, Gemmel P, Vlerick P, Van Rijk P, Dierckx R: Patients' and personnel's perceptions of service quality and patient loyalty in nuclear medicine. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2002, 29:1109-1117.
[5] Hair JF, Black WC, Babin BJ, Anderson RE: Multivariate Data Analysis. 7 edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 2009.
[6] Karassavidou E, Glaveli N, Papadopoulos CT: Quality in NHS hospitals: no one knows better than patients. Measuring Business Excellence 2009, 13:34-46.
[7] Lim PC, Tang NKH: A study of patients' expectations and satisfaction in Singapore hospitals. Int J Health Care Qual Assur 2000, 13:290-299.
[8] Lin H-C, Xirasagar S, Laditka JN: Patient perceptions of service quality in group versus solo practice clinics. Int J Qual Health Care 2004, 16:437-445.
[9] Lam SSK: SERVQUAL: A tool for measuring patients" opinions of hospital service quality in Hong Kong. Total Qual Manage 1997, 8:145-152.
[10] Lee H, Delene LM, Bunda MA, Kim C: Methods of measuring health-care service quality. J Busn Res 2000, 48:233-246.

Abstract:Tourism industry is one of the world's fastest growing economic sector and largest employer of manpower helps in earning multi-billion dollar annually by attracting a billion of people from one destination to another. But it has a story too. Recent researches reveal that it has various social, economical, cultural, and environmental impacts on society. According to the International Labour Organization's (ILO) Global Report 2006, Tourism affects the lives of 218 million children. India has the distinction of the largest number of working children in the world today. According to Indian official statistics about 13 million children are engaged in tourism industry but unofficial estimates vary between 60-100 million. Throughout India there have been numerous studies which have shown the existence of child exploitation due to tourism. In the year 2006 the tourism and hospitality sector was added to the list of hazardous occupation under the Child Labour Act 1986. As the benefits from tourism industry is increasing day by day and attracting millions of foreign investment, the risk of child labour is increasing exponentially and along with greater demand for human trafficking. Various child labour laws have been enacted to protect the most vulnerable workers from unsafe and unhealthy work environment and to prevent minor children from being forced to work in ways that are considered detrimental to them. The main objective of this paper is to find out the reason why children work in tourism industry, to know the risk involved if they work with tourism sector, and to know the role of government and tourism industry in eradication of this serious problem. This paper also helps in measuring the effectiveness of labour laws and actions taken by the International Labour Organization, World Tourism Organization to mitigate this problem..To evaluate the actual situation of child labour in tourism industry ,in this paper information has been gathered through secondary sources like books, magazines (yojna) ,WTO report, report of Tourism Ministry, News paper etc. For this purpose two research questions were prepared (a) increasing economic benefit of tourism industry is attracting as well as exploiting the future of India. (b) Child Labour laws made to eradicate the problem of child labour has reduced the number of child labourers in papers only not in actual. After analyzing the facts and figures it can be conclude that the problem of child labour and commercial sexual exploitation of children can't be solved easily unless collective efforts have been made by Government officials, NGO's, Civil Society workers and Tourism Industry employers to eradicate it. Policies and legislations should not only formulate but implemented in right spirit. Government and all other institutions must join their hands together to stop all forms of exploitation of children otherwise we will fail to secure the rights of our children who are the future of our India.
Key Words:- Tourism, Child-Labour, Labour Law , Hospitality, Sexual –Abuse, Exploitation, Human Trafficking

[1] Child Labour: An Ugly Face Of Tourism, Equations, September 2007.
[2] Tourism and Labour:Opening vistas and Emerging Challenges,Equations, December 2008.
[3] "Talk For Change For Making Tourism Sustainable,Equitable And Just",Regional Consultation On Responsible Tourism In The
North Eastern States Of India,Dated:26-27 August 2010,Gangtok Sikkim,Organized by: Impulse NGO Network & Equations.
[4] United States Department Of Labor,2007 Findings on the Worst Forms Of Child Labor -India,27August2008,available at:
http:www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/48caa4763d.html[accessed 12 june 2011].
[5] Susan Bliss,NSW Manager Global Education,Lecturer-University of Sydeny and Macquarie University,President- Geography
Teachers‟Association of New South Wales,Director- Australian Geography Teachers‟Association ,"Child Labour In Tourism
Industry:Social Justice and Human Rights".
[6] World Tourism Organisation (WTO)http://www.world-tourism.org/market_research/facts/market_trends.htm
[7] Prof. Nina Rao‟s: Child Labour in the services in India: The Case of Tourism,( Revised version of the paper presented at the
Seminar Enslaved Innocence, Child Labour in India, Centre for Jawaharlal Nehru Studies, Jamia Milia Islamia,14 March,2008.
[8] Notification banning child labour in Domestic and Hospitality Sector effective from 10 October,2006.
[9] BBC news online,Thursday,22 June,2000,10:13 GMT 11:13 UK- Tourism Industry is the largest employer of children by Sushil
Sharma in Kathmandu.
[10] Narayan,A. (1988). Child Labour Policies and Programmes:The Indian Experience. In combating child labour,edited by A.
Bequele and J. Boyden.Geneva: ILO.

Abstract:Women's entrepreneurship is an inevitable part of country's economic development process. The main objective of this study is to having an overview of women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh and growth situation through SME. The issue covered by this study are socio-demographic profile of women entrepreneur, types of women owned entrepreneur, regulatory procedures, training and capacity building and human resources development through women's empowerment. The study also focused on role of SME to promoting women entrepreneurs. It also explores the social perspective of women entrepreneurs as well as the impact of these entrepreneurs on the economic development of Bangladesh. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods adapting with primary data collection process were applied to explore information from sample unit of women entrepreneur of Chittagong region in Bangladesh. A semi structured questionnaire survey was conducted to collect primary data. Data were analyzed using various statistical software including SPSS, MS Excel. The findings shows that women's entrepreneurship of Bangladesh is growing at accelerate rate and their contribution to socio- economic development is significant. It is observed that 62.5% of the respondents took the SME loan to establish and run their business smoothly. This study found some problems facing by women's entrepreneur of Bangladesh. The paper made an analytical framework to analyze the factors relating to problem and development issue in used institutional theory. This study found some problems facing by women's entrepreneur of Bangladesh. This study also suggested some policy and their possible implications for improving women entrepreneurship so that they can make contribution to the economic development process.
Key-Words: Women Entrepreneurship; SME, Economic Development.

[1] Afrin, Sharmina; Nazrul Islam; and Shahid Uddin Ahmed (2008) "A Multivariate Model of Micro Credit and Rural Women
Entrepreneurship Development in Bangladesh", International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 3, No. 8 (August), pp.
169-185.
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Administration, Vol.25, pp. 89-126.
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of Banking and Finance, Vol. 25, pp. 39-53.
[6] BBS, The Statistical Pocket of Book of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 2006 5.
[7] Begum, R. (1993) "Entrepreneurship in Small-scale Industry: A Case Study of Engineering Units", Dhaka University Journal of
Business Studies, Vol.14, pp. 159-162.
[8] BWCCI, Quarterly Progress Report of Promoting Women Entrepreneurship through Advocacy Project, quarter -1,2, 3, 4 (phase-1),
5, 6, 7 (phase-2).
[9] Dhaka Chamber of Commerce and Industry (DCCI) (undated) "Women Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh", Dhaka: Dhaka Chamber of
Commerce and Industry (DCCI), DCCICIPE/ ERRA project, Economic Policy Papers (EPPs), No. 21; available at:
www.dhakachamber.com/cipe/EPPs percent20& percent20Studies/WEDfff.pdf.
[10] Goswami, Arun Kumar (1998) "Empowerment of Women in Bangladesh", Empowerment: A Journal of Women for Women, Vol.
5, p. 45.

Abstract:The Rural marketing product decisions of with opportunities in urban regions reaching saturation levels. Rural marketers in village Salem are hoping to tap the potential of the state through in the village rural marketing. While the opportunity is decidedly huge, heterogeneous demographics and inadequate infrastructure facilities pose serious operational challenges to these rural marketers, this article examines the major challenges faced by marketers and intermediaries while penetrating in to rural village areas