iosr-JDMS   Volume-2 ~ Issue-5

Abstract: Aims and Objectives  To analyse the clinical profile of acute bacterial meningitis in newborn period.  To analyse the risk factors in neonatal meningitis with respect to outcome Material and Methods Study design : Descriptive study Study Period : June – 2011 – May 2012 Study Place : Meenakshi medical college&research institute Study Population : All babies of both sexes belonging to Neonatal period, admitted in newborn ward in the institute with strong clinical suspicion of sepsis or meningitis.
Keywords: newborn, meningitis, sepsis, mortality, convulsion

[1] De Louvois J. Balckborn.J Hurley R.Harvey O. infantile meningitis in England and wales: a two year study. Archieves of disease in
childhood. 1991 : 66 : 603-607.
[2] J.S. Yu and A.Gravaog. Purulent meningitis in the neonatal period. Arch. Dis. Childhealth. 1963, 38:391.
[3] James C.Overall Jr.M.D. Neonatal bacterial meningitis. Journal of Paediatrics. April 1970: 76 : 499 – 511.
[4] Grooves. R.V. Sutherland. J.M and landing B.H Purulent meningitis of newborn infants. New England Journal of Medicine. 1961:
264 : 1115.
[5] MC Cracken G.H Jr. and Shinefield, H.R. Changes in the Pattern of neonatal septicemia and meningitis. American J. Dis.Child.
112: 33. 1966.
[6] Berman P.H and Banker, B.Q. Neonatal meningitis: A clinical and pathological study 29 cases. Pediatrics 38 : 6, 1966.
[7] McCarthy A.E Victor G. Ramotar K. Toye B 1994 Risk factor for Acquiring ampicillin resistant enterococci and clinical outcomes
at candian tertiary care hospital. Journal of clinical microbiology 32: 2671 – 2676.
[8] Nulder C.J.J Van Alphen L. Zanon H.C 1984 neonatal meningitis caused by E.coli in Netherlands. Journal of infections diseases,
935 – 940.

Abstract:A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out in a tertiary care centre to study the risk factors of Osteoarthritis of Knee among patients attending Orthopaedics OPD. All patients aged between 40 and 65 years were included in the study. A total of 102 patients for a period of four months were studied. Nearly two thirds of our study subjects were women. OA increased with age and BMI. Risk factors like family history, history of knee injury and occupational knee bending were seen in only few of our study subjects. There is need to spread awareness among people to adopt preventive measures at an earlier age along with healthy lifestyle to reduce the body weight and hence the risk of OA.
Keywords:Age, BMI, Osteoarthritis, occupational knee bending, risk factors,.

[1] Nevitt MC, Felson DT, Lester Gayle. Osteoarthritis initiative – Protocol for Cohort Study. http://oai.epiucsf.
org/datarelease/docs/StudyDesignProtocol.pdf last accessed on 2012-11-07
[2] Prevalence and pattern of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in Nigeria-A community based study.
[3] Epidemiology of knee Osteoarthritis –Results from Framingham study.
[4] Felson DT, Zhang Y. An update on the epidemiology of knee and hip osteoarthritis with a view to prevention. Arthritis Rheum
1998;41(8):1343–55.
[5] Felson DT, Chaisson CE. Understanding the relationship between body weight and osteoarthritis. Baillieres Clin Rheum
1997;11(4):671–81.
[6] Oliveria SA, Felson DT, et al. Body weight, body mass index, and incident symptomaticosteoarthritis of the hand, hip, and knee.
Epidemiology 1999;10(2):161– 6.
[7] Generalized osteoarthritis is a hormonally mediated disease-1989.
[8] Salve H, Gupta V, Palanivel C, Yadav K, Singh B. Prevalence of Knee Osteoarthritis amongst preimenopausal women in an Urban
Resettlement Colony in south Delhi. Ind J of Pub Health vol 54 (3):155-7
[9] Joshi K, Rajesh K, Avasthi A. Morbidity profile and its relationship with disability and psychological distress among elderly people
in Northern India. Int J Epiodemiol 2003;32:978-87
[10] Sharma MK, Swami HM, Bhatia V. An epidemiological study of correlates of osteoarthritis in geriatric population of UT
Chandigarh. Indian J Community Med 2007;32:1-3

Abstract:Chemotherapeutics are widely used to prevent and treat infections caused by indigenous and exogenous microbes. Widespread use of antibiotics is reflected in the level of resistance in the subgingival microbiota of adult periodontitis patients. These developments have encouraged researchers in various fields of healthcare to develop alternative antimicrobial approaches. The application of 'health-promoting' bacteria for therapeutic purposes is one of the strongest emerging fields in this regard. Although the use of such probiotics specifically to improve oral health is still in its infancy, oral healthcare workers are probably confronted with dietary probiotics on a daily basis. The widespread oral intake of probiotics as preventive and therapeutic products for gastrointestinal health makes it of considerable interest for oral healthcare workers. These products usually contain streptococci, lactobacilli or bifidobacteria.
Key words:probiotic, prebiotic, microbiota, periodontal disease

[1] E Caglar, B Kargul, I Tanboga. Bacteriotherapy and probiotics' role on oral health. Oral Diseases (2005) 11, 131–137- 2005.
[2] JH Meurman, I Stamatova. Probiotics: contributions to oral health. Oral Diseases (2007) 13, 443–451.
[3] Joint FAO/WHO Working Group Report on Drafting Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food. London, Ontario, Canada,
April 30 and May 1, 2002
[4] Maria Emanuel Ryan. Non surgical approaches for the treatment of periodontal diseases. DCNA, 49, 2005.
[5] Meurman JH. Probiotics: do they have a role in oral medicine and dentistry? Eur J Oral Sci 2005; 113: 188–196.
[6] Nilu Jain, Gaurav K. Jain, et al. Recent approaches for the treatment of periodontitis. Drug Discovery today, (13), Nov 2008.
[7] Wim Teughels, Mark van essche, Isabelle Sliepen & Marc quirynen. Probiotics and oral healthcare. Periodontology 2000, (48),
2008, 111–147.
[8] Anthony M. Iacopino. The Influence of "New Science" on Dental Education: Current Concepts, Trends, and Models for the Future.
Journal of Dental Education ■ Volume 71, Number 4
[9] Connie H. Drisko. Trends in surgical and nonsurgical periodontal treatment JADA, (131), June 2000.
[10] Don Izumita. New Approach in Dentistry Clinical and Basic Medical Research on EM-X--A Collection of Research Papers,(2), pp
77-81

Abstract:The study investigated the changes in blood clotting time due to the effect of chronic consumption of alcohol. Thirty six (36) adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups of A, B, C, D, E and F (n=6). Animals in experimental groups B, C and D were given 15%, 20% and 25% alcohol respectively by oral intubation for forty two (42) days, groups E and F received 25% alcohol each and after initial treatment alcohol was withdrawn for an additional twenty one (21) and forty two (42) days respectively, while group A (control) received equivalent volume of distilled water. In all groups, the blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture under chloroform anaesthesia to determine clotting time. The study revealed significant (p<0.05) increase in clotting time in the animals treated with alcohol while the clotting time decreased after subsequent alcohol withdrawal. Chronic of alcohol consumption therefore increases clotting time and its withdrawal returns the clotting time to normal level.
Keywords:Clotting time, Alcohol, Coagulation

[1] Dimmitt SB, Rakic V, Puddey IB. The effects of alcohol on coagulation and fibrinolytic factors: a controlled trial. Blood Coagul
Fibrinolysis. 1998. 9:39-45.
[2] Friedman L.A. Kimball AW. Coronary heart disease and alcohol consumption in Framingham. Am J Epidemiol. 1986. 124: 481 – 9.
[3] Haut MJ, Cowan DH. The effect of ethanol on hemostatic properties of human blood platelets. Am J Med. 1974. 56:22-33.
[4] Hillbom M, Neiman J. (). Platelet thromboxane formation capacity after ethanol withdrawal in chronic alcoholics. Haemostasis.
1988. 18:170-178.
[5] Klatsky AL, Armstrong MA, Friedman GD. Alcohol and mortality. Ann Intern Med. 1992. 117: 646 – 54.
[6] Krobot K, Hense HW, Cremer P, Determinants of plasma fibrinogen: relation to body weight, waist-to-hip ratio, smoking, alcohol,
age, and sex; results from the second MONICA Augsburg survey 1989-1990. Arterioscler Thromb. 1992. 12:780-788.
[7] Lazarus NB, Kaplan GA, Cohen RD. Change in alcohol consumption and risk of death from all causes and from ischaemic heart
disease. Br Med J. 1991. 303:553-556.
[8] Meade TW, Mellows S, Brozovic M. Haemostatic function and ischaemic heart disease: principal results of the Northwick Park
Heart Study. Lancet.; 1986. 2:533-537.
[9] Mikhailidis DP, Jenkins WJ, Barradas MA. Platelet function defects in chronic alcoholism. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1986. 293:715-
718.
[10] Moore RD, Pearson TA. Moderate alcohol consumption and coronary artery disease: a review. Medicine (Baltimore) 1986. 65:242- 267.

Abstract:From the study of ancient surgical text Sushruta samhita, itbecomes evident that the urological problems form an important part of medical sciences.Among all the urinary problems described in Ayurveda texts, there is one variety where both the medicinal and the surgical treatments are advised and agreed upon by all the Surgeons and this entity is the Renal Calculi.Further according to modern science the formation of stone in urinary system is one of the main problems of urology. The cause and mechanism of their formation is still uncertain. On one hand surprisingly stone does not always form when such factors are present and on the other hand stones may develop when factors are apparently absent too. Furthermore renal calculus occurs in both the sexes at all the ages but commonly in the 3rd and 4th decades, stone in kidney or in ureter is probably little more frequent in men than women. Renalcalculi an agonizing complex disorderpresenting with severe colicky pain radiating to loin to groin, burningmicturition,dysuria.Sushruta (800BC), Fatherof Indian Surgery considered this Renal Calculi, one among AshtaMahagada, theeight incurable diseases on globe. The average prevalence rate in India ranging around3.4% at Mean age group of 20-40 years. Available modern treatment procedures like Forcible Diuresisand Lithotripsy solve the problems temporarily but still recurrences are very common after stopping the treatment.The Purpose of this Paper is an attempt to pave for a solution in breaking the nut for resolving the Clinical Barrier. Probably this development makes the Researchers and Clinicians of this Speciality to adopt a Standard mode of Regimen in conquering this Renal Disorder.
Keywords: Renal calculi, Alkali preparation of Barley, PM Compound

AYURVEDIC BOOKS:
[1] AstangHridya -Sarvangasundara Commentary- by Arundatta
[2] BhavaPrakasha - Vidyotini Hindi Commentary - by Pt. ShriBrahmashankar Mishra
[3] CharakaSamhita - Ayurveda Dipika commentary by Chakarpani
[4] Rasatrangani - By Sharma S. MotilalBanarsidas Varanasi
[5] SharangdharSamhita - With Krishana commentary by AcharyaShriRadhakrishanaParasher
[6] SushrutaSamhita - NibandhaSangraha, commentary byDalhana
MODERN BOOKS:
[1] A synopsis of radiology and imaging - Sorab J. Sidhva
[2] Anatomy and Physiology in health and illness - Ross and Wilson (8th edition)
[3] Anatomy and Physiology for nurses and students of Human Biology - W. Gordon Sers and R. S. Winwood (5th edition)
[4] Aids to Radiological differential diagnosis - Stephen Chapman,RichardNakielny
[5]. A Global text book of Radiology - Holger Patterson M.D.
[6] A guide to Radiological procedures - Stephen Chapman, Richard Nikielny
[7] Clinical methods in Surgery including differential diagnosis – By S. Das
[8] Dorland's Pocket Medical Dictionary - Oxford & IBH publishing co.
[9] Diagnostic imaging - Armstong
[10] Diagnostic Ultrasound - C.M. Rumack, Stephanil R. Wilson

Abstract:Studies by sociologists have found that no experience has a more profound impact on medical school students than the first encounter with death, which typically occurs during the first-year course of gross anatomy. This study was conducted to access the emotional state at first and during dissection of preclinical medical students. The survey spans a period of 18 months from May 2009-November, 2010 among 212 preclinical students of 2009 to 2010 academic sessions of Universities of Abuja and Maiduguri. It was a cohort study with data acquired with structured questionnaires analyzed by simple percentage methods. The results showed that there were no formal course/orientations/lectures offered to the students before first dissection. Most students were afraid, jittered, and sympathetic and believed that cadaver carries infection at first dissection. Students amongst others make noise, gossip and carelessly uncover dissected parts/bodies at dissections. Furthermore, most staff did not regularly assist students (at dissections). However, all students respect cadaver and acknowledge it importance in their studies. We conclude that a formal course on KAP of cadaver dissection should be introduced and made compulsory for all first year preclinical students. KAP study of cadaver dissection may differ from center to center and requires further evaluation
Keywords:Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Preclinical Students, cadaver dissection, Nigerian

[1] Karlyn E and Rachel W. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice (KAP) Survey- Summary Report for the Duluth Lakeside Storm
water Reduction Project (LSRP). Saint Paul: Water Resources Center, University of Minnesota. July 2008.
[2] Clayton L T .Taber's Medical Dictionary.18ed. Philadelphia, 1993, 1573.
[3] Evans EJ, Fitzgibbon GH. The Dissecting Room: Reactions of First Year Medical Students. Clinical Anatomy, 5, 1992, 311-320.
[4] Ajita R, Bidyut KD,Gracelee TN, Ibochouba YS. Attitudes and Views of First Year Medical Students Towards Cadaver Dissection
in Anatomy Learning Imphal, Manipur, India. Calicut Medical Journal 6(4) 2008 e2
[5] Charlton R,Dovey SM,Jones DG,Blunt A. Effects of Cadaver Dissection on the Attitudes of Medical Students.Med Educ. 1994 Jul;
28(4):290-5.
[6] Gaurav, A and Mandeep, GS.Reactions of First Year Indian Medical Students to the Dissection Hall Experience. NJIRM 1(4), 2010, 4
[7] Fatemeh J, HashemitabarM, KalantarmahdaviSR, Nahid K. How to Decrease the Emotional Impact of Cadaver Dissection in
Medical Students. Pak J Med Sci 22(2), 2006, 200 – 203.
[8] Ellis, H. Teaching in the Dissecting Room. Clin. Anat., 14: 2001, 149-151.
[9] Izunya AM, Oaikhena GA, Nwaopara AO.Attitudes to Cadaver Dissection in a Nigerian Medical School. Asian Journal of Medical
Sciences 2(3): 2010, 89-94.
[10] Jones DG. On Ethics, The Human Cadaver: Assessment of the Value we Place on the Dead Body, from a Perspective on Science
and Christian Faith. American Scientific Affiliation. 47, 1995. 43-51.

Abstract:The odontogenic keratocyst usually occurs as a multilocular or unilocular radiolucency often in dentigerous relationship. While the most common site is the posterior portion of the mandible or the mandibular ramus, other locations have been reported such as anterior portion of maxilla and maxillary third molar area . Purpose of this article is to alert the clinician to the fact that odontogenic keratocyst should be included in the differential diagnosis of radiolucencies occurring around an impacted tooth in maxillary anterior region.

[1] Sook-Bin Woo,Leon Eisenbud . Odontogenic keratocysts in the anterior maxilla: report of two cases one simulating naso palatine
cyst. Oral Surg. Oral Med Oral Pathol 1987:64(4) ;463-5.
[2] Brannon R B.The odontogenic keratocyst. A clinico pathologic study of 312 cases. part I Oral Surg. Oral Med Oral Pathol
1976:42;54-72.
[3] U A Nayak, B.P.Rajesh kumar. A review of odontogenic keratocyst with a report of unusual occurrence in the maxilla. Indian J dent
res. 2002:13(3-4); 183-6.
[4] GlenJ Makowski,Stan McGuff. Squamous cell carcinoma in a maxillary odontogenic keratocyst.jour. of oral and maxillo fac surg.
2001; 59:76-80.
[5] Clinical images in oral and maxillofacial radiology. Ouintessence international. 2002 5(33) 400-401.
[6] Brannon R B.The odontogenic keratocyst. A clinico pathologic study of 312 cases. part II Oral Surg. Oral Med Oral Pathol1977;43;
233-55.
[7] B A Wright G P Wysocki . odontogenic keratocyst presenting as peri apical disease. Oral Surg. Oral Med Oral Pathol 1983 56(4)
425-9
[8] Browne RM . The odontogenic keratocyst. Histologic features and their correlation with clinical behaviour. BRITISH Denatl journ.
1971. 131;248-59.

Abstract:Aims & objectives: To study results of surgery in terms of prevention of development of neurodeficit. Material & methods: 18 paediatric cases of 6 months to 4 years during June 2007 to February 2012 who underwent MRI scanning for cutaneous stigma of spina bifida like dermal sinus, patch of hair,etc without any neurodefecit & have low lying cord directly tethered to cutaneous lesion formed subject for study. Patients were operated through midline incision including cutaneous lesion . Proximal lamina was removed to expose dura which was followed circumferentially in the spinal defect to develop continuity of cutaneous lesion to dural tube. Dura was opened in center proximally & then extended distally .Tethered part is removed distal to neural structures. They are repositioned inside & dura is sutured .
Keywords:Tethered cord syndrome, Untethering, Prophylactic, Conus

[1] Huttmann S,Krauss J, Collmann H, Sorensen N, Roosen K,: Surgical management of tethered spinal in adults: report of 54 cases. J
Neurosurg 95(Suppl 2):173-178,2001
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[3] Pang D. sacral agenesis and caudal spinal malformation.Neurosurgery.32:755-78:1993
[4] Hoffman HJ, Hendrick EB, Humphreys RP: The tethered spinal cord :its protean manifestations, diagnosis and surgical correction
Childs Brain 2:145-155,1976
[5] Pang D, Wilberger JE,: Tethered cord syndrome in adults:J. Neurosurg 57:32-47,1982
[6] Gupta DK, Ramdurg S,Mahapatra AK,. Giant terminal lipomyelocystocoele Pediatr. Neurosurg.42:49-53:2006
[7] Sakamato H, Hakuba A, Fujitani K, Nishimura S :Surgical treatment of the retethered spinal cord after repair of lipomeningocele J
Neurosurg 74:709-714,1991
[8] Yamada S, Lacono RP, Andrade T, Mandibur G, Yamada BS: .Pathophysiology of the tethered cord syndrome Neurosurg. Clin. N.
Am 6:311-323,1995
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[10] Capitanucci ML, Iacobelli BD, Silveri M,et al.Long term urological follow up of occult spinal dysraphism in children. Eur. J.
Pediar. Surg,6(suppl 1): 25-26, 1996

Abstract:Mesiodens is the most frequent disorder of odontogenesis which is located between the two maxillary central incisors. In most of the cases mesiodentes are asymptomatic and are diagnosed on routine clinical or radiographic examinations. Various complications associated with mesiodens are crowding, displacement, delayed eruption of adjacent teeth, diastema, root resorption and sometimes dentigerous cyst formation. The purpose of this article is to present two cases of mesiodentes causing malocclusion and its correction by surgical intervention.
Keywords:Hyperdontia, Malocclusion, Mesiodens, Polydontia, Surgical intervention

[1] Primosch R.E. Anterior supernumerary teeth – assessment and surgical intervention in children. Pediatric dentistry 1981;3(2)204-
215.
[2] Maya C, Ashok Kumar BR. Familial occurrence of mesiodens with unusual findings: Case report. Quintessence Int 1998;29:49- 51.
[3] Sharma A. Familial occurrence of mesiodens: A case report. J Indian Soc Pedo Prev Dent 2003;21:2.
[4] Rajab L.D, Hamdan A.M. Supernumerary teeth: review of the literature and a survey of 152 cases. International journal of
pediatric dentistry 2002; 12: 244- 254.
[5] Henry RJ. A labially positioned mesiodens: a case report. Pediatric Dentistry1 989; 11(1):59-63.
[6] Galas MM, Garcia A. Retention of permanent incisors by mesiodens: a family affair. Br Dent J 2000;188:63-64.
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Dent.1997;7:177-184.
[8] Segura JJ,Jimenez-Rubio A. Concomitant hypohyperdontia: simultaneous occurrence of a mesiodens and agenesis of a maxillary
lateral incisor. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod.1998;86:473-475.
[9] Arathi R, Ashwini R. Supernumerary teeth: A case report. J Indian Soc Pedo Prev Dent 2005;23:103-5.
[10] Sedano HO, Gorlin RJ. Familial occurrence of mesiodens. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1969; 27(3):360–1.