iosr-JECE   Second International Conference on Electrical, Information and Communication Technology (ICEICT 2016)

Abstract: The filtering process is widely used in several digital signal processing and digital image processing applications. The filter process is to remove the noise in original signal or image. THE LEAST MEAN SQUARE (LMS) adaptive filter is the most popular and most widely used adaptive filter because of its simplicity and also for satisfactory convergence performance. But conventional LMS adaptive filter involves a long critical path due to an inner-product computation to obtain the filter output............
Keywords -Adaptive filters, least mean square algorithms, LMS adaptive filter, DLMS adaptive filter.

[1] B. Widrow and S. D. Stearns, Adaptive Signal Processing. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1985.

[2] S. Haykin and B. Widrow, Least-Mean-Square Adaptive Filters. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience, 2003.

[3] G. Long, F. Ling, and J. G. Proakis, ―The LMS algorithm with delayed coefficient adaptation,‖ IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Process., vol. 37, no. 9, pp. 1397–1405, Sep. 1989.

[4] M. D. Meyer and D. P. Agrawal, ―A modular pipelined implementation of a delayed LMS transversal adaptive filter,‖ in Proc. IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, May 1990, pp. 1943–1946.

[5] L. D. Van and W. S. Feng, ―An efficient systolic architecture for the DLMS adaptive filter and its applications,‖ IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II, Analog Digit. Signal Process., vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 359–366, Apr. 2001.

Abstract: A novel chaotic spreading sequences for Multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) system is proposed. DS-CDMA is a type of spread-spectrum communication system in which multiple signal channels occupy the same frequency band, been distinguished by the use of different spreading codes. Implementation of Multi carrier CDMA transmitter and receiver using pseudo chaotic sequences for spreading digital data using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) has been proposed in this paper.....

Keywords – MC-CDMA, chaotic sequences, pseudo chaotic sequence generator, FPGA.

[1] Hua Wei,Lie-Liang Yang and Lajos Hanzo, "Time and frequency domain spreading assisted MC DS-CDMA using interference rejection spreading codes for quasi synchronous Communications" Proc of IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC 2004-Fall. pp. 389-393, Sept. 2008.
[2] Yang.L, and L. Hanzo, "Performance of Broadband Multi-carrier DS-CDMA Using Space-Time Spreading-Assisted Transmit Diversity", IEEE Trans. Wireless Comm., vol.4, no. 3, pp. 885-894, May 2005.
[3] Sourour.E and M. Nakagawa, "Performance of Orthogonal Multi-Carrier CDMA in Multi-Path Fading Channels", IEEE Trans. Comm.,vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 356-367, Mar. 2009.
[4] Kondo.S and L. B. Milstein, "Performance of Multi-carrier DS CDMA Systems", IEEE Trans.Comm., vol.44,no.2, pp. 238-246, Feb, 2008.

Abstract: Information sharing and Transfer has increased exponentially.The information is vulnerable to unauthorised access and so cryptography and steganography techniques used.In cryptography technique informations are scrambled and in steganography technique secret message are embedded into cover medium.Hence in which the data is encrypted as well as the encrypted the encrypted data is hided. This system is to be simulated by Modelsim and synthesized by altera cyclone II fpga.

Keywords: Cryptography,steganography,cover medium

[1] Kessler, G. "An Overview of Steganography for the Computer Forensics Examiner ", Computer & Digital Forensics Program, Champlain College, Burlington, Vermont, February 2004
[2] S. Hetzl, StegHide, http://steghide.sourceforge.net, 2003.
[3] Bennett, K. "Linguistic Steganography: Survey, Analysis, and Robustness Concerns for Hiding Information in Text" Technical Report, Center for Education and Research in Information Assurance and Security (CERIAS), 2004.
[4] Fridrich ,J, M. Goljan, and R. Du, "Detecting LSB steganography in color and grayscale images," IEEE Multimedia Special Issue on Security, pp. 22–28, October- November 2001.

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to minimize the power acquired from the utility grid and to maximize the power supplied by the renewable energy sources. The development and implementation of a new recurrent neural network for optimization as applied to optimal operation of an electrical microgrid, which is interconnected to the utility grid...........

Index terms : Batteries, Electrical microgrids, linear optimization, multi agent system, neural networks, renewable energy sources.

[1] J. Wang, "Analysis and design of a recurrent neural network for linear programming," IEEE Trans Circuits Syst., vol. 40, no. 9, Sep. 1993.
[2] A. Cichocki and R. Unbehanen, Neural Networks for Optimization and Signal Processing. Chichester: Teubner-Wiley, 1994.

[3] R. H. Liang and Y. Y. Hsu, "Fuzzy linear programming: An application to hydroelectric generation scheduling," Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng., Gen., Transm., Distrib., vol. 141, no. 6, pp. 568–574, 1994.

[4] T. G. Werner and J. F. Verstegr, "An evolutionary strategy for short term operation planning of hydrothermal power system," IEEE Trans. Power Syst., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1362–1368, Nov. 1999.

Abstract: As the home energy consumption is increasing due to the usage of large-sized home appliances, we propose a smart home system that holds the potential for improving energy efficiency and reducing cost of energy usage . It leads to the development of an energy management for residential buildings and industries using PIC16F877A and GSM. The key design of our project is to shift the power supply from normal utility mode to renewable energy mode i.e........

Keywords –Energy Management, GSM,PIC16F877A, PIR Sensor, Temperature sensor.

[1]. R. Missaoui, H. Joumaa, S. Ploix, and S. Bacha, ―Managing energy smart homes according to energy prices: Analysis of a building energy managementsystem,‖ Energy Buildings, vol. 71, pp. 155–167, Mar. 2014
[2]. C. Molitor et al., ―Multiphysics test bed for renewable energy systems in smart homes,‖ IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 1235–1248, Mar. 2013.
[3]. D. M. Han and J. H. Lim, ―Smart home energy management system usingIEEE 802.15.4 and Zigbee,‖ IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 56,no. 3, pp. 1403–1410, Aug. 2010.
[4]. C. Suh and Y.-B. Ko, ―Design and implementation of intelligent home control systems based on active sensor networks,‖ IEEE Trans. Consum.Electron., vol. 54, no. 3, pp. 1177–1184, Aug. 2008.
[5]. J. Byun, B. Jeon, J. Noh, Y. Kim, and S. Park, ―An intelligent selfadjusting sensor for smart home services based on ZigBee communications,‖IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 794–802, Aug. 2012.

Abstract: Informational retrieval application plays a major role in web content mining. Now a days,e-lecturing has become added professional popular. The number of lecture video data on the World Wide Web (WWW) is growing rapidly.Upto this development, the video can be retrieved only based on the title or description of the video.In this paper presents, the video will be retrieved based on speech and video text content.......

Keywords: Speech Recognition, Lecture video, content based video search, Video Segmentation, OCR, Extraction, Video retrieval.

[1]. Haojin Yang and Christoph Meinel, "Content Based Lecture Video Retrieval Using Speech and Video Text Information", IEEE transactions on learning technologies, 2014.
[2]. T.-C. P. F. Wang, C-W. Ngo, "Structuring low-quality videotaped lectures for cross-reference browsing by video text analysis," Journal of Pattern Recognition, vol. 41, no. 10, pp. 3257–3269, 2008.
[3]. S. Repp, A. Gross, and C. Meinel, "Browsing within lecture videosbased on the chain index of speech transcription," IEEE Transaction Learning Technology volume 1, no. 3, pp. 145–156, Jul. 2008.
[4]. T. Tuna, J. Subhlok, L. Barker, V. Varghese, O. Johnson, and S.Shah. (2012), "Development and evaluation of indexed, captioned searchable videos for stem coursework," in Proceeding 43rd ACM Technical Symposium Computer Science Education.
[5]. H. J. Jeong, T.-E. Kim, and M. H. Kim.(2012), "An accurate lecture video segmentation method by using SIFT and adaptive threshold,"in Proceeding 10th International Conference Advances Mobile Computing pp. 285–288.

Abstract: The design of compact multiband planar antenna is presented. The structure is a combination of a monopole antenna and a coupled ground plane on a FR4 substrate. The proposed antenna can be used in handheld mobile communicating device which support different wireless applications of 9 different bands with their frequencies of 700MHz, 900MHz, 1.84GHz, 1.9GHz, 2.1GHz, 2.3GHz, 2.4GHz, 2.5GHz and 3.6GHz coming under the bands of different wireless applications as GSM , UMTS, LTE, WIFI , WILAN/WIMAX.......

Keywords -Multiband, Wwan/Lte, Wlan/Wimax.

[1]. Chu, F.H., and Wong, K.L.: 'Internal coupled-fed dual-loop antenna integrated with a USB connector for WWAN/LTE mobile handset', IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., 2011, 59, pp. 4215–4221
[2]. Chen, W.S., and Jhang, W.C.: 'A planar WWAN/LTE antenna for portable devices', IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., 2013, 12, pp. 19–22
[3]. Hu, C.L., Huang, D.L., Kuo, H.L., Yang, C.F., Liao, C.L., and Lin, S.T.: 'Compact multi branch inverted-F antenna to be embedded in a laptop computer for LTE/WWAN/IMT-E applications', IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett., 2010, 9, pp. 838–841
[4]. Lu, J.H., and Guo, J.L.: 'Small-size octa-band monopole antenna in an LTE/WWAN mobile phone', IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 2014, 13, pp. 548–551

Abstract: This paper emphasis the idea of solving the disturbance caused in the process system without the human efforts by introducing the principle method of a new design of the experimental platform for the control and system identification based on LabVIEW. The main idea of this project is to make the Quadruple tank (non-interacting process) to be automated using LabVIEW....
Keywords : LabVIEW, non-interacting process, system identification, tuning methods, unmanned process

[1]. Mohammad Shahrokhi and Alireza Zomorrodi, "Comparison of PID Controller Tuning Methods ", 2012
[2]. blog.opticontrols.com/archives/105," A Tutorial on NON-INTERACTING PROCESS"
[3]. K.Karthik Krishnan and G. Karpagam, "Comparison of PID controller Tuning Techniques for a FOPTD system", IJCET, Vol 4, Issue 4, Aug 2014
[4]. Ogata K."Modern Control Engineering", 1997, 3rd edition, Prentice Hall "Modeling and Analysis of Level Process using Different Control Techniques" International journal of advanced research in electrical, electronics and instrumentation engineering.
[5]. S. M. Giriraj Kumar, K. Ramkumar, Bodla Rakesh, Sanjay Sharma O. V. and Deepak Jayaraj," Real Time Interfacing of a Transducer with a Non-Linear Process Using Simulated Annealing", Sensors &Transducers Journal, Vol. 121, Issue 10, October 2010, pp. 29-41

Abstract: Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a peculiar subclass of mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) that has the potential in improving road safety and in providing travellers comfort. Currently it has gained an important part of interest of researchers and become very popular. This paper has three major contributions...........
Keywords: AODV, least oil consumption, route planning algorithm, shortest travelling time, VBA

[1]. Bachir and Benslimane,"A Multicast Protocol in Ad-Hoc Networks: Inter-vehicle Geocast,", IEEE Semiannual Vehicular Technology Conference, Spring 2003.
[2]. A. Eskandarian, and L. Hoffman,"Challenges of Intervehicle Ad Hoc Networks,"Blum, J., IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 5, no. 4, December 2004.

[3]. Briesemeister and Hommel"Role-based Multicast in Highly Mobile But Sparsely Connected Ad Hoc Networks,",ACM MobiHoc 2003.
[4]. ,Goel, S.; Imielinski, T.; Ozbay, K ,"Ascertaining viability of WiFi based vehicle-to-vehicle network for traffic information dissemination"., IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems, page(s): 1086 - 1091, Oct. 2004.
[5]. Montgomery.J,"A real-time traffic and weather reporting system for motorists", IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, page 580 - 581, Jan. 2005.

Abstract: Frequency hopping spread spectrum is an efficient technique to combat jamming. In this paper we analysis the effect of partial band noise jamming in Frequency hopping spread spectrum system. We consider a communication system that transmits OQPSK over a channel. Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) system is often deployed to protect wireless communication from jamming or to preclude undesired reception of the signal.........
Keywords –Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum; Key Encryption Key; Linear Feedback Shift Register; Frequency Hopping Code Division Multiple Access; Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum;oqpsk

[1]. P. Zheng, L. Peterson, B. Davie and A. Farrel, "Wireless Network Complete," Elsevier publisher,Amsterdam, 2009.
[2]. Telecommunications Industry Association, "Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard for Dual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Cellular System," Telecommunications Industry Association, Arlington, 1998.
[3]. M. Tafaroji and A. Falahati, "Improving Code Division Multiple Access Security by Applying Encryption Methods over the Spreading Codes," IET Communication, Vol. 1, No. 3, 2007, pp. 398-404. doi:10.1049/iet-com:20060295
[4]. J. L. Massey, "Shift-Register Synthesis and BCH Decoding," IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. 15, No. 1, 1969, pp. 122-127. doi:10.1109/TIT.1969.1054260

Abstract: The analysis and comparison of band stop filter for wireless communication is proposed. The rectangular structure with the resonant frequency of 1.5GHz was designed and simulated for pass band .The rectangular structure was modified by using diamond structure and it is observed that the operating frequency was 1.5GHz for stop band. Increasing the number of iteration produces more operating frequency. The dielectric material used is "FR4" with dielectric constant 4.4 and the substrate height 1.6mm .The simulation process has been done through IE3D Electromagnetic software which is based on method of moments. The properties of filter such as s parameter, bandwidth, radiation pattern has been investigated for all the designed structures.

[1]. C.-L. Hsu and J.-T. Kuo, "A two-stage SIR band-pass filter with an ultra-wide upper rejection band,"
[2]. IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon Lett., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 34–36, Jan. 2007.
[3]. A. Torabi and K. Forooraghi, "Miniature harmonic-suppressed micro-strip band pass filter using a triple-mode stub-loaded resonator and spur lines," IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 21, no. 5, pp.255–257, May 2011.
[4]. C.-W. Tang and Y.-K. Hsu, "A micro-strip band pass filter with ultra wide stop band," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 56, no. 6, pp.1468–1472, Jun. 2008.
[5]. S. Luo, L. Zhu, and S. Sun, "Stop band-expanded low-pass filters using micro-strip coupled-line hairpin units," IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 506–508, Aug. 2008.

Abstract: In recent days different access control methods have been proposed to secure the ATM Transaction from unauthorized access. This paper describes a method of implementing two way authentication using fingerprint. The first one is normal user fingerprint verification method and if the password is correct then it goes to the second step of authentication (i.e.,)........
Keywords –Fingerprint scanner ;IR Sensor; ADC ; GSM Modem ; 8051 Micro Controller ; LCD.

[1] Jain, R. Bolle, and S. Pankati, "Biometrics: personal identification in networked society", Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1998.
[2] J. Chirillo and S. Blaul, "Implementing Biometric Security",Wiley & Sons, 2003.
[3] S. Hoque, M.C. Fairhurst, F. Deravi, W.G.J. Howells, "On the Feasibility of Generating Biometric Encryption Keys" IEE Electronics Letters, 41(6), 309-311, 2005.
[4] Cellan-Jones, R., London starts digital cash trial in Technology correspondent, BBC News Online,
[5] http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/7117213.stm. 2007: UK.

Abstract: An organised method for derivation of a multiport converter (MPC) with optimized fuzzy concept is proposed in this paper. The MPC is trigger by interconnecting multiple pulsating voltage cells (PVCs) through the DLIs. The PVCs can be load, yield, and bidirectional type, and bidirectional MPC topologies can be harvested if all the PVCs are bidirectional type. As a result, a family of hardback MPCs, including multi input........
Keywords –Multiport Converter, Pulsating Voltage Cells (PVCs), Fuzzy Logic, Pulse Width Modulation, dclink Capacitor, Single Stage Converter.

[1] R. J. Wai, C. Y. Chen, and B. H. Chen, "High-efficiency dc–dc converter with two input power sources," IEEE Trans. Power
Electron., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 1862–1875, Apr. 2012.
[2] F. Cao, J .Zhang, H. Wu, H. Hu, Y Xing, and X. Ma, "A dual-input boost buck converter with coupled inductors for TEG
applications," in Proc. IEEE Energy Convers. Congr. Expo, 2013, pp. 2020–2025.
[3] Z. Ouyang, Z. Zhang, M. A. E. Andersen, and O. C. Thomsen, "Four quadrants integrated transformers for dual-input isolated dc–
dc converters," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 2697–2702, Jun. 2012.
[4] Y. Li, X. Ruan, D. Yang, F. Liu, and C. K. Tse, "Synthesis of multipleinput dc/dc converters," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol.
25, no. 9, pp. 2372–2385, Sep. 2010.
[5] Z.Shen, X. Chang, W. Wang, X. Tan, N. Yan, and H. Min, "Predictive digital current control of single-inductor multiple-output
converters in CCM with low cross regulation," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 1917–1925, Apr. 2012.

Abstract: The analysis and design of single phase inverter for photovoltaic (PV) applications based on interleaved flyback converter topology operating in discontinuous current mode with Extended switched Inductor Quasi Z-Source (ESL-QZS) network. In today's PV inverter technology, the simple and the least-cost advantage of the flyback topology is promoted only at very low power.........
Keywords –Flyback Inverter Extended Switched Inductor Quasi Z-Source Network.

[1]. Solar energy (2013, July 23). [Online]. Available:http://www.conserveenergy-future.com/SolarEnergy.php
[2]. Europe Photovoltaic Industry Association (EPIA)(2013July23)Global market outlook for photovoltaic 2013–2017,[Online].Available:http://www.epia.org/news/publications
[3]. Y. Xue, L. Chang, S. B. Kjaer, J. Bordonau, and T. Shimizu, "Topologies of single-phase inverters for small distributed power generators: An overview," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 1305–1314,Sep.2004.
[4]. S. B. Kjaer, J. K. Pedersen, and F. Blaabjerg, "A review of singlephase grid-connected inverters for photovoltaic modules," IEEE Trans.Ind. Appl., vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 1292–1306, Sep.2005.
[5]. Y. Li and R. Oruganti, "A low cost flyback CCM inverter for AC module application," IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 27,no.3,pp.1295–1303,Mar.2012.

Abstract: Traditional networking structure is gradually replaced by Software Defined Networking (SDN). It is the new approach in design, build and manage networks. SDN is a promising technique which enables network administrators to program dynamically. Although it is more flexible to manage, one must be aware of security threats in its deployment. In this paper, we analyzed SDN network from the perspective of Distributed Denial of Service attacks (DDOS). DDOS attacks in SDN are very difficult to identify as it have similar characteristics of normal packets. We outline our ideas based on the analysis of network and detection of DDOS attacks using multiple controllers in this environment.
Keywords –DDOS, Multiple Controllers, Packets, Software Defined Network

[1]. Amiya Nayak, Li, Peng Li and Song Guo (2014), "Byzantine-Resilient secure software defined networks with multiple controllers in cloud", IEEE TRANSACTION,Volume:2, issue:4, pp. 436-447.
[2]. A.R.Curtis,J.Tourrilhes,J.C.Mogul, P.Yalagandula, P.Sharma and S.Banerjee (2011), "DevoFlow: SCALING FLOW MANAGEMENT FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE NETWORKS, ACM SIGCOMM Conference, pp.254-265.
[3]. H.Kim,J.Santos, J.Tourrilhes, M.Schlansker, N.Feamster and Y.Turner (2012), "Coronet: Fault tolerance for Software Defined Networks ",IEEE ,Network protocols (ICNP), pp. 1–2.
[4]. H.Inoue,J.Stribling,L.Poutievski,M.Casado, M.Zhu,N.Gude, R.Ramanathan, S.Shenker, T.koponen, T. Hema, and Y. Iwata, "ONIX: A Distributed Control Platform for Large Scale Production Networks", in Proceedings of the 9th USENIX Conference: OPERATING SYSTEMS DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION, CA, ser. OSDI'10. Berkeley, USA: USENIX Association, 2010,pp.1–6.

Abstract: A simple and fast image coding schheemmee wwiitthh oorrtthhooggoonnaall ppoollyynnoommiiaallss ttrraannssffoorrmm aanndd lliiffttiinngg sscchheemmee iiss pprrooppoosseedd iinn tthhiiss ppaappeerr.. TThhee iinnppuutt iimmaaggeess aarree ffiirrsstt ppaarrttiittiioonneedd iinnttoo nnuummbbeerr ooff bblloocckkss aanndd oorrtthhooggoonnaall ppoollyynnoommiiaallss ttrraannssffoorrmmaattiioonn iiss aapppplliieedd oonnttoo tthheessee bblloocckkss.........

[[11]].. GG.. WWaallllaaccee,, ""TThhee JJPPEEGG ssttiillll ppiiccttuurree ccoommpprreessssiioonn ssttaannddaarrdd"",, IIEEEEEE TTrraannssaaccttiioonnss oonn CCoonnssuummeerr EElleeccttrroonniiccss,, VVooll.. 3388,, NNoo.. 11,, pppp.. 3300--4444,, 11999922..
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Abstract: This paper deals with an algorithm that determines the exact localization of a train in the track network and prevents train collision. This system eliminates the trackside infrastructure elements such as balises and axle counters. This elimination is replaced by onboard sensors such as Ultrasonic sensor and GPS (GNSS) sensor.........
Keywords –GPS (GNSS) receiver, Digital track map, Zigbee Pair, Ultrasonic Sensor, PIR Sensor

[1]. Jurgen Wohlfeil, "Vision based rail track and switch recognition for self-localization of trains in arail network", in 2011 IEEE
Intelligent Vehicle Symposium (IV), pp.1025-1030,2011.
[2]. Katrin Luddecke and Christian Rahmig, "Evaluating Multiple GNSS Data in a Multi-Hypothesis Based Map-Matching Algorithm
for Train Positioning", in 2011 IEEE Intelligent Vehicle Symposium(IV), pp.1037-1042, 2011.
[3]. Ralph Ross,"Track and Turnout Detection in Video-Signals Using Probabilistics Spline Curves", in 2012 15th International IEEE
Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2012, pp. 294-299.
[4]. Oliver Heirich, Patrick Robertson, Thomas Strang"RailSLAM-Localization of Vehicles and Mapping of Geometric Railway
Tracks", in 2013 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp.5212-5219, 2013.
[5]. Martin Lauer, Denis Stein, "Algorithms and Concepts for an Onboard and Train Localization System for Safety-Relevant
Services",IEEE 2013.

Abstract: QoS-based routing has been recognized as a missing piece in the evolution of QoS-based service offerings in the Internet. In this paper, MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) is used for forwarding packets over the backbone, and Constraint-based Routing and enhanced link state IGP (Interior Gateway Protocols) is used for distributing routes over the backbone.........
Keywords –Constraint-based Routing, Link State IGP, Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS), Quality of Service (QoS), Traffic Engineering

[1]. D. Awduche, J. Malcolm, J. Agogbua, M. O'Dell and J. McManus, Requirements for Traffic Engineering over MPLS, RFC 2702, Sept. 1999.
[2]. D. Awduche, L. Berger, D. Gan, T. Li, G. Swallow and V. Srinivasan, Extension to RSVP for Traffic Engineering, Internet draft <draft-ietf-mpls-rsvp-lsp-tunnel-04.txt>, Sept. 1999.
[3]. D. Awduche, A. Hannan and X. Xiao, Applicability Statement for Extensions to RSVP for LSP-LSPs,Internet Draft <draft-ietf-mpls-rsvp-tunnel-applicability-00.txt>, Sept. 1999.
[4]. E. Rosen, A. Viswanathan and R.Callon, Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture, Internet draft<draft-ietf-mpls-arch-06.txt>, Aug. 1999.

Abstract: Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a one form of wireless networks. It is used for communication between vehicles on roads. The conventional routing protocols are suitable for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). But it's poorly in VANETs. As communication links break often happen in VANETs compare than in MANETs, the reliable routing is more difficult in the VANET.........
Keywords –Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET), TORA, IEEE 802.11, Sensor, OBU, RSU.

[1]. Yun-Wei Lin, Yuh-Shyan Chen, And Sing-Ling Lee, " Routing Protocols in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: A Survey and Future
Perspectives", JISE-2009-1
[2]. Xiong Wei , Li Qing-Quan, "Performance Evaluation Of Data Disseminations For Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks In Highway
Scenarios", The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. Vol. XXXVII.
Part B1. Beijing 2008
[3]. D.RajiniGirinath, S.Selvan, "A Novel Cluster based Routing Algorithm for Hybrid Mobility Model in VANET" International Journal
of Computer Applications (0975 - 8887) Volume 1 – No. 15, 2010
[4]. MartinKoubek, Olivia Brickley, Susan Rea, Dirk Pesch, " Application Driven Routing for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks – A
Necessity", ISVCS 2008, July 22 - 24, 2008, Dublin, Ireland. ISBN 978-963-9799-27- 1

Abstract: This paper manages the control of Household appliances. The Controller will absolutely monitor the electrical parameters. It is based on controlling the Household machines. This will give the remote control of parameters in light of Image handling. It will spare the electrical force and human Energy. The created framework is more adaptable for operation .This Project is made with the assistance of Microcontroller Raspberry Pi.........
Keywords –Raspberry pi, image processing, camera module, Drivers, DC motor, Bulb

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Abstract: Virtual Reality (VR), sometimes referred to as immersive multimedia, is a computer-simulated environment that can simulate physical presence in places in real world or imagined world. Most current virtual reality environments are primarily empirical experiences, displayed either on a computer screen or with special stereoscopic displays, and some regulated simulations include additional sensory information and emphasize real sound through speakers or headphones targeted towards witnesses........
Keywords –Ips,Keil C,Matlab,Proteous, Projection,Virtual Reality.

[1]. M. Khalilbeigi, R. Lissermann, M. M¨uhlh¨auser, and J. Steimle, "Xpaaand: Interaction techniques for rollable displays," in Proc. ACM CHI, 2011, pp. 2729–2732.
[2]. L. G. Cowan and K. A. Li, "Shadow Puppets: Supporting collocated interaction with mobile projector phones using hand shadows," in Proc. ACM CHI, 2011, pp. 2707–2716.
[3]. Z. Mo, J. P. Lewis, and U. Neumann, "Smart Canvas: A gesture driven intelligent drawing desk system," in Proc. ACM IUI, 2005, pp. 239–243.
[4]. H. Benko and A. Wilson, "Depth Touch: Using depth-sensing camera to enable freehand interactions on and above the interactive surface," in Proc. IEEE Workshop ITS, vol. 8, 2009.

Abstract: Due to the specific characteristics, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are severely unsafe and are open to malicious attacks. One of the most malicious threats to WSN is in the form of black hole attack that target the routing protocols. This genre of attacks can have a very serious impact on hierarchical routing protocols. A variety of security solutions have been put forth to safeguard WSNs from black hole attacks........
Keywords –Black hole, Security stacks ,Wireless Sensor Networks, Cluster head

[1]. Akyildiz, I.F.; Su, W.; Sankarasubramaniam, Y.; Cayirci, E. Wireless sensor networks: A survey. Comput. Netw.2002, 38, 393–422.
[2]. Yick, J.; Mukherjee, B.; Ghosal, D. Wireless sensor network survey. Comput. Netw. 2008, 52, 2292–2330

Abstract: Licence Plate Localisation and Recognition using MSER and SWT Algorithms is a very challenging area, which is in contrast to the traditional practice of monitoring the vehicles manually. License Plate Localization and Recognition(LPLR) is one of the most promising aspects of applying Digital Image Processing towards intelligent transportation system. In Location of the License plate, a method of vehicle license plate character segmentation and extraction based on improved edge detection and Mathematical morphology was presented.........
Keywords –LPLR(Licence plate Localization and Recognition ),MSER(Maximally Stable Extremal Regions),SWT(Stoke Width Transform)

[1]. Ahmad and Mohammad,2009 ," Efficient Farsi License Plate Recognition", IEEE.
[2]. Q. GAO,et al.,Aug. 2007," License Plate Recognition Based On Prior Knowledge ", Proc. IEEE
[3]. Inter. Conf. Automation and Logistics Jinan, China, pp.2964-2968.
[4]. Ahmad Radmanesh, June 2005, "A Real Time Vehicle's License Plate Recognition System" , Proceedings of the IEEE Conference
[5]. S.Kranthi, K.Pranathi, A.Srisaila "Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) International Journal of Advancements in
Technology, ISSN 0976-4860

Abstract: Handwriting is one of the most important means of daily communication. Although the problem of handwriting recognition has been considered for many years there are still many open issues, especially in the task of unconstrained handwritten sentence recognition. This article focuses on the automatic system that recognizes continuous English sentence based on ICA.........
Keywords –Handwritten sentence recognition, ICA, preprocessing, segmentation, text identification

[1]. R. Plamondon and S.N. Srihari., 2000, "Online and off-line handwriting recognition: a comprehensive survey.", Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transac-tions on, vol. 22(1), pp 63–84.
[2]. A. L. Bianne-Bernard, F. Menasri, R. A. H. Mohamad, C. Mokbel, C. Kermorvant, and L. Likforman-Sulem., 2011 , " Dynamic and contextual information in hmm modeling for handwritten word recognition", Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 33(10), pp 2066–2080.
[3]. Independent Component Analysis Final version of 7 March 2001 Aapo Hyvarinen, Juha Karhunen, and Erkki Oja ¨ A Wiley-Interscience Publication JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. https://www.cs.helsinki.fi/u/ahyvarin/papers/bookfinal_ICA.pdf
[4]. Algeo, and John, 2010, "The Origins and Development of the English Language", Boston, MA: Wadsworth. pp. 182-187

Abstract: A multiplié is one of the key hardware blocks in most digital signal processing (DSP) systems. Typical DSP applications where a multiplier plays an important role include digital filtering, digital communications and spectral analysis. Many current DSP applications are targeted at portable, battery-operated systems, so that power dissipation becomes one of the primary design constraints........
Keywords –DSP, AHL , COMPRESSOR

[1]. C. Chang, J. Gu, M. Zhang, "Ultra Low-Voltage Low- PoIr CMOS 4-2 and 5- Compressors for Fast Arithmetic Circuits," IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems, Vol. 51, No. 10, pp. 1985-1997, Oct. 2004.
[2]. D. Radhakrishnan and A. P. Preethy, "Low-poIr CMOS pass logic 4-2 compressor for high-speed multiplication," in Proc. 43rd IEEE MidIst Symp. Circuits Syst., vol. 3, 2000, pp. 1296–1298
[3]. B. Parhami, "Computer Arithmetic: Algorithms and Hardware Designs," 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, New York, 2010.
[4]. K. Prasad and K. K. Parhi, "Low-poIr 4-2 and 5-2 compressors," in Proc. of the 35th Asilomar Conf. on Signals, Systems and Computers, vol. 1, 2001, pp. 129–133.
[5]. Ercegovac, Miloš D., and Tomas Lang. Digital arithmetic. Elsevier, 2003.

Abstract: A high-performance data-path to implement DSP kernels is introduced in this paper. The proposed architecture of data-path is realized by FAMA (Fused Add-Multiply-Add (FAMA) unit). We differentiate from previous works on flexible computational unit using addition and subtraction process it takes that extra hardware. A mapping methodology........
Keywords –Arithmetic optimizations, carry-save (CS) form, datapath synthesis, flexible accelerator, operation chaining, FAMA unit.

[1]. Kostas Tsoumanis, Sotiris Xydis, Constantinos Efstathiou, Nikos Moschopoulos, and Kiamal Pekmestzi "Optimized Modified Booth Recoder for Efficient Design of the Add-Multiply Operator", IEEE transactions on circuits and system in vol. 61, no. 4, April 2014 1133
[2]. Ajay K. Verma, Philip Brisk, and Paolo Ienne " Data-Flow Transformations to Maximize the Use of Carry-Save Representation in Arithmetic Circuits", IEEE transactions on computer-aided design of integrated circuits and systems, vol. 27, no. 10, October 2008.

[3]. Sotiris Xydis, Isidoros Sideris, George Economakos and Kiamal Pekmestzi "A Flexible Architecture For Dsp Applications Combining High Performance Arithmetic With Small Scale Configurability".
[4]. 16th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO 2008), Lausanne, Switzerland, August 25-29, 2008, copyright by EURASIP

Abstract: The FIR filter is play major role on DSP applications. But the design complexity and the different structure of the FIR filter is complex to design which is limiting the uses of FIR filter. Mostly direct and transposed structures are used to design a FIR filter based on its input and co-efficient flow. And the multiplication is the major problem of the FIR filter design. In this paper we present the Multiplierless multiplication method. Instead of multiplication we use shift and add process only. And another advantage of our paper is we can use instead of direct and transposed structure to proposed structure of this paper. So we can avoid the conflict to use whether direct and transposed structure.

[1]. L. Aksoy, E. Gunes, and P. Flores, "Search algorithms for the multiple constant multiplications problem: Exact and approximate," Elsevier J. Microprocessors Microsyst., vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 151–162, 2010.

[2]. K. Johansson, O. Gustafsson, and L. Wanhammar, "A detailed complexity model for multiple constant multiplication and an algorithm to minimize the complexity," in Proc. IEEE Eur. Conf. Circuit Theory Design, 2005, pp. 465–468.

[3]. H.-J. Kang and I.-C. Park, "FIR filter synthesis algorithms for minimizingthe delay and the number of adders," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst.II, vol. 48, no. 8, pp. 770–777, 2001.

[4]. L. Aksoy, E. Costa, P. Flores, and J. Monteiro, "Finding the optima tradeoff between area and delay in multiple constant multiplications,"Elsevier J. Microprocessors Microsyst., vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 729–741, 2011

Abstract: The rapid growth experienced by the wireless communication sector in recent years is conspicuous. There are many wireless monitoring and control applications for industrial and home markets which require longer battery life, lower data rates and less complexity than available from existing wireless standardsThe ZigBee protocol is adopted for wireless communication to achieve high integration, applicability, and portability. The low-power Zigbee-SoC is simulated by the altera modelsim 6.4a. Here proposed Zigbee transceiver with i2c to implement wireless communication applications.
Keywords –Altera , OQPSK, Symbol to Chip

[1]. IEEE STD. 802.15.4 – 2003: WIRELESS MEDIUM ACCESS CONTROL (MAC) AND PHYSICAL LAYER (PHY) SPECIFICATIONS FOR LOW RATE WIRELESS PERSONAL AREA NETWORKS (LR-WPANS)
[2]. Standards.Ieee.Org/Getieee802/Download/802.15.4-2003.Pdf

[3]. IEEE Std.802.15.4 – 2006: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) And Physical Layer(PHY) Specifications For Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-Wpans)
[4]. Http://Standards.Ieee.Org/Getieee802/Download/802.15.4-2006.Pdf
[5]. Http://S :‖Phase-Shift Keying‖ Wikipedia,

Abstract: The dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) is an emerging technique and to push the intelligent transportation system into our daily life. The DSRC standards generally adopt FM0 and Manchester codes to reach dc-balance, enhancing the signal reliability. The codeword structure of FM0 and Manchester are different, thus limiting the hardware potential of existing DSRC systems.........
Keywords –FM0, MANCHESTER AND MILLER ENCODING, DSRC,SOLS

[1]. F. Ahmed-Zaid, F. Bai, S. Bai, C. Basnayake, B. Bellur, S. Brovold, et al., ―Vehicle safety communications—Applications (VSC-A) final report,‖ U.S. Dept. Trans., Nat. Highway Traffic Safety Admin., Washington, DC, USA, Rep. DOT HS 810 591, Sep. 2011.
[2]. J. B. Kenney, ―Dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) standards in the United States,‖ Proc. IEEE, vol. 99, no. 7, pp. 1162–1182, Jul. 2011
[3]. J. Daniel, V. Taliwal, A. Meier, W. Holfelder, and R. Herrtwich, ―Design of 5.9 GHz DSRC-based vehicular safety communication,‖ IEEE Wireless Commun. Mag., vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 36–43, Oct. 2006.
[4]. P. Benabes, A. Gauthier, and J. Oksman, ―A Manchester code generator running at 1 GHz,‖ in Proc. IEEE, Int. Conf. Electron., Circuits Syst., vol. 3. Dec. 2003, pp. 1156–1159.

Abstract: Design and development of micro-strip quarter-wave transmission line with one side open circuited and the other side short circuited (the quarter-wave type resonator) is investigated, and a generalized analysis is given for the resonance conditions........
Keywords –2.4 GHz resonator, Micro-strip quarter wave resonator and Resonator for WLAN.

[1]. P. Troughton, "Measurement techniques in microstrip," Electron. Lett.,vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 25–25, Jan. 1969.
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Lett., vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 302–303,Jun. 1982.
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Abstract: This paper proposes a miniature antenna for wireless sensor network application in 2.45 GHz. A coplanar waveguide fed star shaped patch antenna is designed using electromagnetic solver, IE3D. A CPW feed is designed for 50ohm impedance matching .The antenna for WSN should be low powered, low cost and easy to fabricate. These can be achieved using small antennas.........
Keywords –Coplanar waveguide feed, Omni-directional, Patch antenna, return loss, Wireless sensor network.

[1]. Islam, Kamrul, Weiming Shen, and Xianbin Wang. "Wireless Sensor Network Reliability and Security in Factory Automation: A Survey." Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews, IEEE Transactions on 42.6 (2012): 1243-1256.
[2]. Vassilaras, Spyridon, and Gregory S. Yovanof. "Wireless Innovations as Enablers for Complex & Dynamic Artificial Systems." Wireless personal communications 53.3 (2010): 365-393.
[3]. Elangovan, G. and J. Rajapaul Perinbam, "Wideband E-Shaped Microstrip Antenna for Wireless Sensor Networks ", American Journal of Applied Sciences 9 (1): 89-92, 2012, ISSN 1546-9239,© 2012 Science Publications
[4]. Kittisak Phaebua, Chuwong Phongcharoenpanich, Danai Torrungrueng and Jatuporn Chinrungrueng, "Two-Rectangular-Printed-Spiral Antenna with U-Strip," 978-1-4244-2042-1/08/ 2008 IEEE.