IOSR-JESTFT   Swami Shri Swaroopanand Saraswati Mahavidyalya Hudco Bhilai (SSSSMHB)

Abstract: An efficient micropropagation protocol has been developed for rapid micropropagation of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. Multiple shoots were induced by culturing axillary leaf explants excised from mature plants on Murashige and Skoog's basal medium supplemented with various combinations of BAP (N6 benzyle-aminopurine), Kn (Kinetin) & IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) formed direct shoot regeneration and indirect organogenesis through callus. The optimal level of BAP and IAA supplementation to the culture medium was 4.4 μM and 2.8 μM for 7 days to 10 days induction period followed by subculturing on Modified MS medium devoid of IAA produced maximum number of multiplication frequency (86%), mean number of shoots (20.5±0.4) and shoot length (1.6±0.3 cm) per explants.

[1] Abhyankar, G.A., Chinchanikar, G.S.: Response of Withania somnifera Dunal leaf explants in vitro. - Phytomorphology. 46: 249-252, 1996. [2] Agarwal, R., Diwanay, S., Patki, P. and Patwardhan, B.: Studies on immunomodulatory activity of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) extracts in experimental immune inflammation.- J. of Ethnopharmacol. 67: 27-35, 1999. [3] Ajeethkumar., Seeni, S.: Rapid clonal multiplication through in vitro axillary shoot proliferation of Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr., a medicinal tree. - Plant Cell Rept. 17: 422-426, 1998. [4] Balashashi., Govindarajan, R., Rawat, A, K, S.: HPLC analysis of Withaferin-A in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal". - Indian J. of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 66: 236-248, 2004. [5] Biswal, P. R., Rout, G., Mishra, L. P., Rath, S. P.: In vitro regeneration of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal through Direct Organogenesis. - Plant Sci Research. 30: 57-60, 2008.

Abstract:The objective of this study is to determine the effect of Cadmium(a heavy metal) on Catalase activity in tissues of liver, kidney and gill of freshwater air breathing Teleost fish (Heteropneustesfossilis). Catalase enzyme(CAT) play an important role in anti-oxidant defence System which protect animal from oxidative stress. Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch), a medicinally important fresh water fish were exposed with 0.7 ppm dose of Cd⁺⁺ for different periods (1, 2, 3, 7 & 14 day ) and observed its effects on liver , kidney , and gill tissues. Cd⁺⁺ has shown increased CAT activity in all the tissues studied on first day and observed decreased activities from the next following days . The result of these studies in fish tissues may prove that CAT enzyme could be used as a sensitive bioindicator of the antioxidant defense system.

Keywords: Bioindicator Cd⁺⁺ Ions, Catalase enzyme, , Teleost fish (Heteropneustesfossilis).

[1] R. Karbassi, I.Bayati, F.Moattar,."OriginandChemical portioning of heavy metals in riverbed sediments" International Journal environmental science and technology, XIII (1), pp. 35-42, 2006.
[2] C.,Damien, V.H., Chantal, S., Pirouz, F.H., Zerimech, J., Laurence, M.H., Jean, "Cellular Impact of metal trane elements in terricolour lichen Diploschistesmuscorum(Scope.) R. Sant.- identification of oxidative stress biomarkers"Water Air Soil Pollute, CLII, pp.55- 69, 2004. [3] E.O., Farombi, O.A., Adelowo, Y.R., Ajimoko, "Biomarkers of oxidative stress and heavy metal levels as indicators of environmental pollution in African Cat-fish (Clariasgaripinus) from Nigerian Ogun river", International Journal of Environmental Research Public Health, IV(2),pp.158-165, 2007.

Abstract:Madhuca longifolia is known from ancient times for its medicinal uses. Its every part is used for the treatment of various infections and diseases. Present study deals with the antimicrobial activity of Madhuca longifolia leaf extracts against some microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. This collected plants are used as ethno medicinal plants for the folk treatment of skin diseases, diabetes, snake bites, headache.

[1]. Ahmad I and Beg A J, 2007. "Antimicrobial and Phytochemical studies on 45 Indian medicinal plants against multidrug resistant human pathogens" J Ethno Pharmacol Vol. 74(1): 13-23.
[2]. Ashnagara A, Motakefpour M, Rahimia A A, Mehreganb Iraj and Alireza Ghannadi, 2012. "Persian Common Crape Myrtle Leaves; Phytochemical Screenings and Flavonoid Patterns" J. Curr. Chem. Pharm. Sc. Vol. 2 (4): 240-243.
[3]. Ayyanar and Ignacimuthu S, 2005. "Traditional knowledge of Kani tribals in Kouthalai of Tirunelveli hills, Tamil Nadu, India" J Ethnopharmacol Vol. 102:246-255.
[4]. Bandow J E, Brötz H, Leichert L I O, Labischinski H and Hecker M, 2003. "Proteomic Approach to Understanding Antibiotic Action Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy,Vol. 47:948-955.

Abstract: A rising life standard, changing life style food habits, high rate of resources consumption pattern & population growth have put unintended negative impact on the quality of urban environment. Our cities are grippling with problems of high volume of waste, cost involved, disposal techniques & methods for beyond the handling capacities of urban government. In India annual per capita increase in waste generated is estimated as 1.1.33%. By the year 2047, this would approximately 260 million tons that wound need more than 1400 Sq. Km of land in our country. The disposal of this waste is becoming a global problem.Waste could be generally defined as that which is not required

Abstract: The objective of the present study was to inventorize the spider fauna of IndraVihar Park, which is located (21054'49.2" N & 83025'40.4" E) at Raigarh, Chhattisgarh, India. The faunistic survey illustrated presence of63 speciesrepresenting 38 generaunder 10 families, 2 species were unidentified. Among all these 7 families Predominant diversity was examined in the familyAraneidae (15 species) followed byGnaphosidae (13 species), Thomisidae (10 species), Lycosidae (9 species), Oxyopidae (5 species).

Keywords: Diversity,Chhattisgarh, IndraVihar Park, Spider, Raigarh,

Abstract: Clerodendrum serratum L. is an important medicinal plant, used in many ayurvedic preparations. Medicinal importance of this plant caused it's as much as exploitation become endangered species. In the present study we have developed an efficient protocol for in vitro micropropagation of Clerodendrum serratum to conserve its natural resources. Four plant growth media were used in the study viz. MS, SH, WPM & B5. In all these media MS medium gave best shoot bud induction and shoot multiplication. All the media were supplemented with different concentration of three different cytokinin viz. BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine), KIN (Kinetin), TDZ (Thidiazuron).

Abstract: Water is the most abundant substance in our planet. It covers more than 75% surface area of the earth.Heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems is of serious concern to mankind. Planktons are located at the beginning of the food chain. Algae constitute a strategic component of aquatic environments where they grow photoautotrophically. Heavy metal pollution can remove them, resulting in complete destruction of the system. The toxic effects of heavy metals on various forms of chlococcalean algae were investigated. In the experiments conducted with different concentrations of saltsviz; 100ppm, 10ppm, 1ppm, 0.1ppm, 0.01ppm. 9 species and forms of chlorococcalean algae were presented in the Telibandha pond of Raipur city, Chhattisgarh, India.Average No. of disappearance days had been calculated for each species and forms of the algae.

Abstract: Clerodendrumserratum L. is an important medicinal plant, used in many ayurvedic preparations. Medicinal importance of this plant caused it's as much as exploitation become endangered species. In the present study we have developed an efficient protocol for in vitro micropropagationofClerodendrumserratum to conserve its natural resources. Four plant growth media were used in the study viz. MS, SH, WPM & B5. In all these media MS medium gave best shoot bud induction and shoot multiplication. All the media were supplemented with different concentration of three different cytokinine viz. BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine), KIN (Kinetin), TDZ (Thidiazuron).

Abstract: Water is the most abundant substance in our planet. It covers more than 75% surface area of the earth.Heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems is of serious concern to mankind. Planktons are located at the beginning of the food chain. Algae constitute a strategic component of aquatic environments where they grow photoautotrophically. Heavy metal pollution can remove them, resulting in complete destruction of the system. The toxic effects of heavy metals on various forms of chlococcalean algae were investigated. In the experiments conducted with different concentrations of saltsviz; 100ppm, 10ppm, 1ppm, 0.1ppm, 0.01ppm. 9 species and forms of chlorococcalean algae were presented in the Telibandha pond of Raipur city, Chhattisgarh, India.Average No. of disappearance days had been calculated for each species and forms of the algae.

Abstract: India's economic growth over the past few years has raised the prospect of eliminating extensive poverty within a generation. But this growth has been clouded by a degrading physical environment and the growing scarcity of natural resources that are essential for sustaining further growth and eliminating poverty. It is no coincidence that the poorest areas of the country are also the most environmentally-stressed regions, with eroded soils, polluted waterways, and degraded forests. Simultaneously, rapid growth has unleashed greater public awareness and an unprecedented demand for the sound management of natural resources including air, water, forests, and biodiversity.

Abstract: Various tribal communities of Chhattisgarh possess indigenous knowledge, innovation and intensive experience gained over centuries which is an adaptation to the local culture and environment. The ethnomedicinal practice, among the different tribal groups of Chhattisgarh is focussed on the health beliefs and indigenous practices and culture values. The pattern of treatment differs from place to place and community to community. Plants have been used for medicinal purpose long before the recorded history. Human culture has been augmented by plants and plant product since time immemorial .