IOSR-JESTFT   Swami Shri Swaroopanand Saraswati Mahavidyalya Hudco Bhilai (SSSSMHB)

Abstract: The presence of chemical toxins, heavy metals, inorganic and organic pollutants in water, biological toxins and even pathogens due to either natural or artificial processes (Duan et al. 2007, Wang et al. 2010), needs to be monitored constantly and continuously in order to safeguard the supply of clean potable drinking water to the public, and to control the impact on the environment and the ecosystem. In recent years, the combination of nanotechnology along with the basic sciences of chemistry, physics and biology, has allowed the development of ultrasensitive detection and imaging methods, including applications in electronic, magnetic, environmental, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, energy, optoelectronic, catalytic and material fields(Auffan et al.2009, Wang and Ma 2009, Wang et al. 2010 ). This can be sorted and solved by the application of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) - based sensors that have the potential to detect toxins, heavy metals, and inorganic and organic pollutants in water rapidly with high sensitivity and play an increasingly important role in environmental monitoring.

[1]. Detection of chemical pollutants in water using gold nanoparticles as sensors: a review, Chao Wang and ChenxuYu*: Rev Anal Chem 2013;32(1):1-14
[2]. Development And Application Of Nanoscale Architectures For Imaging And Environmental Protection: Ray, Hamme Han, Hill, Hossain*, Leszczynski , Li, Liu, Yu
[3]. Preparation of aptamer-linked gold nanoparticle purple aggregates for colorimetric sensing of analytes: protocol; Juewen Liu & Yi

Abstract: All microorganisms found in air, water and soil in nature and take food from organic substances and they are complete own life cycle on a specific host. The present investigation was undertaken to study the outdoor aeromycoflora of the Sai Temple, Amapara, Raipur(C.G.). The investigation period was of four months from November 2013 to February 2014. Air sampling was done at monthly interval by using petri plate method for isolation of air borne mycoflora. In this investigation total 304 fungal colonies represented 17 air borne mycoflora types were observed during the study period, in which Cladosporium cladosporioides(48.02%) was observed highest percentage contribution followed by Aspergillus niger(9.86%), Penicillium sp. (8.22%), Cladosporium sp.(6.57%) and Aspergillus flavus(4.93%). The most frequent species (100%) showed by Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Cladosporium cladosporioides and Penicillium sp.

Keywords: Aeromycoflora, Outdoor, Fungal spore, Sai Temple.

[1]. Arora, A. and Jain, V.K. (2003): Fungal airspora of Bikaner. Ind. J. Aerobiol., 16 (1&2): 1-9.
[2]. Bernett, H.L. and Hunter, B.B. (1972): Illustrated genera of Imperfecti fungi, Burgess. Co. Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S.A., 332.

Abstract: Land use changes are altering the hydrologic system and have potentially large impacts on water resources. Land use and water resources are unequivocally linked. The type of land and the intensity of its use will have a strong influence on the receiving water resource. Whether the source is natural or comes from a human activity, the impact of any land use practice on either the quantity or quality of water can be substantial. Large-scale increases in some rural land uses can change the way water moves through the landscape by intercepting water before it reaches waterways, reservoirs and aquifers or using water drawing water directly from shallow aquifers. This can reduce the amount of water available for other water users and the environment.

[1]. Allison GB, Cook PG, Barnett SR et al . Land clearance and river salinisation in the western Murray Basin, Australia. Journal of Hydrology, . (1990) 119, 1–20.
[2]. Costa, M.H., A. Botta & J. Cardille Effects of large-scale changes in land cover on the discharge of the Tocantins River, Southeastern Amazonia. Journal of Hydrology, (2003). 283: 206-217.
[3]. DeFries, R. & K.N. Eshleman . Land-use change and hydrologic processes: a major focus for the future. Hydrological Processes, (2004) 18: 2183-2186
[4]. Malmqvist, B. & S. Rundle Threats to running water ecosystems of the world. Environmental Conservation (2002),29 (2): 134-153.
[5]. Mustard, J. & T. Fisher (2004). Land Use and Hydrology. In Gutman, G., Janetos, A., Justice, C., Moran, E., (2004) pp 165
[6]. Mustard, J., Rindfuss, R., Skole, D., Turner, B.L. & Cochrane, M (Eds.), Land Change Science: Observing Monitoring and Understanding Trajectories of Change on the Earth's Surface (2004 ) (pp. 257-276)., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

Abstract: Landfill is the most popularly used method of waste disposal which includes burying the waste in lands all over the world. The waste landfill sites are major source of land, air, ground and surface water pollution. This is very harmful for the people especially who resides near landfill sites.This paper present an overview literature in concern with environmental pollution that evaluates health effects in relation to residence near landfill sites. Environmental pollution by waste dumping shows short and long-term effects on health. Gas released from waste landfill site is the main factor in polluting the environment and hazardous effect on health as Volatile organic compounds (VOC) in them various types of Cancer and birth problems etc. Self reported health problems like irritations of skin, nose & eyes, allergies, psychological disorders, headache, fatigue, and gastrointestinal problems have been documented due to landfills.

Abstract: From the beginning of the civilization people all around the world have used plants as medicine. Ancient literatures like Rigved (2000-1000 BC), Atharva ved (1500 BC), Upnishad(1000-600 BC), Ramayan, Mahabharat, Bible etc also mention use of plants in different ailments. From time to time medicinal properties of plants were discovered by man. With the ever increasing power of science and technology, use of plants has restricted but most of us still believe in traditional natural remedies and apply them as ailments since past. The present study reveals some of the traditional remedies related with gastric disorders.

Abstract: small study was conducted to know about the attitude and awareness of college going undergraduate students towards the environment. The study was conducted at Govt. colleges of rural areas. Three colleges, Govt. college, Utai, Govt. college, Dondy Lohara and Govt. college, Dondy from Chattisgarh state were selected for the study. Govt. college, Utai is situated just in the vicinity of Durg city. Students studying in the college mostly belong to nearby small villages. Govt.college, Dondy Lohara and Govt. college, Dondy are situated in quite interior region much away from the city influence. Both the colleges belong to tribal area. Overall level of awareness was found to be average. Number of students with high level of awareness is found to be extremely low whereas number of students with low level of awareness is found to be fairly high.

Abstract: Crops of Pisum sativum L. and Pisum arvense L. were surveyed periodically to collect infected leaves from five locations at Raipur district viz. Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Raipur, two villages Jora and Bhatagaon, farm house and kitchen garden of Kushalpur. Pea is one of the major rabi pulse crop of Chattisgharh. Alternaria was observed to be a dominant fungal pathogen in both the crops and was isolated using standard methods. Alternaria citri was isolated from diseased leaves of Pisum sativum and Alternaria raphani was isolated from leaves of Pisum arvense. Alternaria citri and Alternaria raphani were isolated from leaves, showing reddish brown, circular or oval spots. Isolates differed in their cultural characteristics on PDA media. Disease severity was very high. The conidial size recorded in Alternaria raphani, was 49μm ×15μm and in Alternaria citri it was 39μm×15μm.

Abstract: In this study we find out the microbial assessment and physicochemical analysis of drinking water of some selected area in Durg city. These samples were compared with the standard desirable limit of the parameter in drinking water as prescribed by different agencies. The water quality parameters we have selected are Temperature, Ph, Acidity, Alkalinity, Hardness, phenol, DO, COD, BOD and Total coliform. After the study significant level of variation was found.

Key words -: Drinking water, Physicochemical Analysis, Microbial Assessment.

Abstract: The isolated Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis from Lonar Crater Lake is rich in Cphycocyanin content. C- PC was extracted by implementing the Freeze Thaw method. The extracted C-PC concentration was found to be 0.0348 mg/ml. The crude C-PC was analyzed for the antimicrobial potency against some pathogenic bacteria and fungi by different standard microbiological assay methods. The antibacterial activity of C-PC was found to be maximum against S. aureus and Shigella spp. exhibiting 10 mm and 09 mm of diameter of zone of inhibition by disc diffusion method and 17 mm and 16 mm by agar well diffusion technique. Among the bacterial pathogens all showed sensitivity towards the C-PC resulted to show maximum relative percent inhibition of C-PC as high as up to 94.44% against S.aureus , fungi were found to be insensitive.

Abstract: Among the plant diversity some of the plants have great potential to treat many diseases which are referred to as medicinal plants. The main objective of the present study is to focus on the diversity of medicinal plants for further utility and conservation. Some selected common medicinal plants used among the hotspot of Chhattisgarh in Traditional/Alternative medicinal practice were reviewed. The medicinal plants were listed followed by botanical names, family, habit, parts used and propagation. Their names and taxonomy were provided by literature. The seeds were the highest proportion of plant parts being used.

Keywords: Biodiversity; Medicinal Plants; Medicinal uses.

Abstract: Mercury is a naturally occurring metal with a long history of human uses. It has been found in Egyptian tombs dating back to 1500 B.C. more recently, scientists have said that the substance can behave as a neurotoxin in certain form and harm unborn children if ingested by pregnant women. Mercury and its compounds have found usage in a very wide range of activaties through the ages.

Abstract: Jatrophacurcas L is the most important biofuel plant belonging to Euphorbiaceae family. Among plant evaluated for the extraction of biodiesel from its seeds, Jatrophacurcas has been found to be most promising. Several parts of Jatropha plant have medicinal and cosmetic uses also. In India, Jatrophacurcas is gaining importance commercially as biodiesel plant. It was found that performance of Jatrophaseed oil based biodiesel was superior among the other biodiesel derived from different vegetable oils (Lutz, 1992; Pak and Allexi, 1994). Jatropha seeds contain 30-35% viscous non edible oil that has attracted the attention of the world as an alternate fuel (Takeda, 1982; Banerjiet. al, 1985; Martin and Mayenx, 1985; Openshaw, 2000).

Abstract: The eastern most district of Chhattisgarh, Jashpur is inhabited by large a number of tribal's. Study on the ethnomedicine practices of medicinal plants was carried out in this area through questionnaire, personal interviews and conversation. A total number of plant species used by the aboriginal were enumerated. The major ethnic groups residing in the Jashpur area include Oraon/Kurunkh, Nagesia, Kanwar, Birhor, Baiga, Pahadi korwa and Munda, amongst which Oraon is the dominant tribe. During the investigation, a well developed system of ethno medicine practices was found amongst the Oraon tribe.

Keywords: Oraon tribe, Ethnomedicine, Medicinal plants, Jashpur, Chhattisgarh