IOSR-JHSS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2015

Abstract: The Scripture, the Old Testament as well as the New Testament, present God as a liberator and Redeemer. The people of Old Testament experienced Yahweh as go‟el in their exodus from Egypt, the land of slavery, to a land promised by Yahweh Himself, a land flowing with honey and milk, a land of freedom and joy. In the New Testament Jesus Christ through the message, ministry and mission revealed Himself to be the Redeemer. His preferential option for the poor and oppressed of the society manifested itself in the way of his praxis and culminated in his death and resurrection. In this chapter we shall analyse the epistemic evolution of the concept from early Hebraic period to the present Biblical understanding of "Redemption".

[1]. http://www.gotquestions.org/redemption.html, 30/03/2015, 22: 37
[2]. http://www.biblestudymanuals.net/redemption.htm. 30/03/2015. 22:47
[3]. Instruction on Christian Freedom and Liberation. Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of Faith. Bangalore: TPI, 1986,p.22.
[4]. John Fuellenbach. Theology of Liberation. Indore: Satprakashan Sanchar Kendra, 1992, p. 83.
[5]. Jose L. Aurrecoechea, "Biblical-Theological Guidelines to the New Constitutions," in Eric Beardsley, O.SS.T., ed., The Trinitarian Charism in the New Legislation: Commentaries on the 1983 Constitutions. Maryland: Holy Trinity Monastery, 1988. p.29.

Abstract: In a multiethnic country like India, extracting a common national identity out of the numerous distinct social identities is a cumbersome task. India, in spite of its rich cultural heritage and glorious past in terms of one of the great ancient civilizations, today somehow lacks in offering a unified identity milieu for its citizens. The various sub categories of caste, class, ethnic and linguistic groups dominate the identity of Indians. The question which arises at this point is why in spite of being one of world's largest democracies, Indians lag in fulfilling the constitutional pre-requisite of equality and fraternity. Expressions of emotions and expansion of thoughts are somehow paralyzed among Indians due to loss of the respect and utilization of their own language. The probable reason for this can be located in the Indians' colonial subjugation.

[1]. Anderson, B. (1991). Imagined communities: A reflection on the origin and the spread of nationalism, (revised edn.). London: Verso.
[2]. Basu, J. (2010). Development of Indian gender identity scale. Journal of Applied Academy of Applied Psychology. 36(1). 25-34.
[3]. Baumeister, R. F. (1998). The self. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (4th ed., pp. 680-740). New York: McGraw-Hill.
[4]. Beck, U. (1997). What is Globalization? Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
[5]. Berry, J. W., & Kalin, R. (1995). Multicultural and ethnic attitudes in Canada: An Overview of the 1991 national survey. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 27, 301-320.

Abstract: The identity of a person is subjected to social expectations. The demand of society and the need to follow the ways of society towards the creation of gender stereotypes is one of the core issues discussed in many novels in recent times. The texts dealing with the new Indian girl in a way introduce a new version of girls in India who are more capable and acceptable members of the society contesting the roles and capacities attributed to them. Based on new trends of girl power seen in recent novels it can be said that the Oleander girl, Korobi is a version of New Indian girl child who explore and extend the possibilities of life for girls in India.

1]. Divakaruni, Chitra Banerjee. Sister of My Heart. New York: Doubleday, 1999. Print.
[2]. Divakaruni, Chitra Banerjee. Oleander Girl. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2013. Print.
[3]. Krishnaswamy, Shantha. The Woman in Indian Fiction in English, 1950-80. New Delhi: Ashish Publishing House, 2001. Print
[4]. McRobbie, Angela. "Notes on Postfeminism and Popular Culture: Bridjet Jones and the New Gender Regime." All about the Girl: Culture, Power, and Identity. Ed. Anita Harris. New York: Routledge, 2004. 3-14. Print.
[5]. Superle, Michelle. Contemporary English-language Indian Children's Literature: Representations of Nation, Culture, and the New Indian Girl. New York: Routledge, 2011. Print.
[6]. Jain, Jasbir. Writing Women across Cultures. Jaipur: Rawat Publications, 2002. Print.

Abstract: This study investigates the "Availability and Utilization of Information Resources for Prison Inmates in North Central States of Nigeria". Literatures have been reviewed based on the objectives of the study. The findings of the study would be used to improve the availability and utilization of information resources in prisons at large. The study use the Survey research design,the population of the study consists of two thousand two hundred and eighty eight (2288) which was derived from four prisons which are medium security prison Abuja, Ilorin, Jos and Lafia. 10% of the population were used as sample size which was 229 and the response rate was 185(80.8%) Questionnaire was used to collect data.

[1]. Akpe,A.I (2004) Vision and Mission of the Nigerian Prison Service. Abuja, British Council/DFID. P. 8
[2]. Anafulu, J.C (1998) Funding of University and Research Libraries in Nigeria.Policy Directions and the Options for the Next Century (Unpublished) P.90Burt, C.N (1977) Information Needs of Inmates.
[3]. Available at http://www.ideas.illinois.Edu/Bistream/Handle/2142/6945/Librarytrends/26ild_opt.pdf?sequence=1. Retrieved 2nd March 2015.
[4]. Daramola, V.A (2004) The Administration of Relief Materials in Prisons: A paper Presented at the Workshop for Social Pastoral Workers in the Prison by JDPC Ibadan.
[5]. Enuku. U.E (2001) Humanizing the Nigerian Prison through Literacy EducationEchoes From Afar.The Journal of Correction Education 52(1)

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between personality traits and psychological well-being among Iranian adolescent migrants in Kuala-Lumpur, Malaysia. The participants were 300 high schools adolescents whocomprise (143 males, and 157 females) in the age range of 13 to be 16 years old. The instrument used to measurement personality traits was Five Factor Inventory (FFI-NEO) Iranian version by Costa and McCrae, (1992) and psychological well-being Scale by Ryff, and keys,(1995).

[1]. Berry, J. W. (1990). Psychology of acculturation. In J. J. Berman (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Vol. 37, Cross – Cultural Perspectives University of Nebraska Press: Lincoln.
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[3]. Bradburn, N. M. (1969). The structure of psychological well-being. Chicago: Aldine.
[4]. Castells, M. (1996). The Rise of the Network Society. The Information Age: Economy, Society, and Culture (Vol. 1). Oxford Blackwell.
[5]. Costa, P. T., & McCare, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory(NEO PI-R) and NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological assessment Resources. New York.

Abstract: It seems that the contacts customers make with staff members with customer orientation does have effects on the perceived services on the part of the customers, as well as their satisfaction. In addition to these, customer's mental engagement is a source to define the differences in the amount of physical and mental attempts of the consumers in their decision making. In other words, customers of various levels of mental engagement do spend different amounts of efforts in the way to find substitute for their target products. This study tries to investigate if the customers' level of mental engagement with suppliers is under the effect of staff's customer orientation, their perceived level of services, and their satisfaction. In so doing, six hypotheses were developed.

[1]. Beatty, S.E. and Smith, S.M. (1987), "External search effort: an investigation across several product categories", Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 14 No. 1, pp. 83-95.
[2]. Bitner, M.J. (1990), "Evaluating service encounters: the effects of physical surroundings and employee responses", Journal of Marketing, Vol. 54, pp. 69-82.
[3]. Chaiken, S. (1980), "Heuristic versus systematic information processing and the use of source versus message cues in persuasion", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 39, pp. 752-6.
[4]. Gabbott, M. and Hogg, G. (1999), "Consumer involvement in services: a replication and extension", Journal of Business Research, Vol. 46, pp. 159-66.
[5]. Goff, B.G., Boles, J.S., Bellenger, D.N. and Stojack, C. (1997), "The influence of salesperson selling behaviors on consumer satisfaction with products", Journal of Retailing, Vol. 73, pp. 171-83.

Abstract: This article examines the negative work attitudes prevalent in the Nigerian Local Government system. The article notes that the Local Government system in Nigeria is characterized by some disciplinary problems ranging from fraud/corruption/embezzlement, absenteeism/lateness/indolence and insubordination to the problem of ghost workers syndrome amongst others. The article contends that what has encouraged some Local Government staff's into corrupt practices is Government's failure to treat corruption and other related disciplinary problems with the seriousness it deserves.

[1]. L.O. Ocho, Academic discipline in colleges of education, Paper delivered at The College of Education, Nsukka, 2008.
[2]. F.O Onah Pathologies of local government administration: Manpower problems in (Ed) Local government administration in Nigeria: Current problems and future challenges Edited by M Ikejiani Clark and F. C Okolie (Lagos, Mangrove Publications, 1995)
[3]. L.O. Ocho, Academic discipline in colleges of education Paper delivered at The College of Education, Nsukka, 2008.
[4]. C. Dubrin, The proactive of management psychology: Concepts and methods for manager and Organizational development ( New York, Pergamon Press Inc. 1974)
[5]. B. C. Oriko, Staff discipline in the Nigerian civil service doctoral seminar University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 2013.
[6]. A. Idike, Constitutional and legal basis of local government administration in Nigeria brief review of Nigerian local government administration in (Ed) Local government administration in Nigeria: Current problems and future challenges Edited by M Ikejiani Clark and F. C Okolie, (Lagos, Mangrove Publications, 1995)

Abstract: Mathematics problems are more important than all other learning problems because all children are required to do mathematical calculations in their early years of schooling. The present study intends to examine the effectiveness of emotional self-regulation strategies on reducing impulsivity and improving adjustment in students with mathematics learning disability. In this semi experimental study, a pretest-posttest design with a control group was used. The population of this study included all male students with mathematics learning disability who studied in middle schools of Tehran City in the years 2014-2015.

[1]. Golparvar F, Mirnasab MM, Fathi-Azar E. Effect of self-monitoring training of attention on math problem solving performance of male students in fourth primary school with math disability. Journal of Applied Psychology. 2010;3(15):41-54.
[2]. Fletcher JM. Chapter 1 - Classification and Identification of Learning Disabilities. In: Butler BW, editor. Learning About Learning Disabilities (Fourth Edition). San Diego: Academic Press; 2012. p. 1-25.
[3]. Tabitha Louis P, Arnold Emerson I. Evaluating the cognition, behavior, and social profile of an adolescent with learning disabilities and assessing the effectiveness of an individualized educational program. Iranian journal of psychiatry and behavioral sciences. 2014;8(2):22-37. Epub 2014/07/24.
[4]. Mcquillan MK, Coleman GA, Russell-Tucker C, Thompson AL. Guidelin foridentifying children with learning disability. Connecticute State: Department ofEducation.2011.

Abstract: In Nigeria, like in most federal states, the relationship between levels and arms of government is problematic. The general tendency of federal states becoming heavily centralized and the overbearing nature of the central government most especially the executive had over the year heightened inter and intra governmental relations conflict in the country. This paper examine the nature of governmental relationship and proffers suggestions towards an improved IGR in Nigeria.

Keyword: Intergovernmental relation, Democratization, Federalism.

[1]. Adebisi O.(August 12, 2014) "Killer Squad on the loose?" The Nation
[2]. Amobi P.C., Vincent C.O. and Uchechukwu P.C. (2014) "Politics of Intergovernmental Relations in Nigeria: An Appraisal of Current Issues" in International Journal of Asian Social Science. Vol2(11) PP 1892-1905
[3]. Ben E.(September 14, 2014) "Osun Election: APC Members ask Court to Stop Jonathan from Deploying Soldiers" Premium Times.
[4]. Nkrumah B.O.(August 21, 2014) "Unwritten Story of Osun Election" The News

Abstract: One of the reasons for low productivity in Nigeria especially in rural the area is the intensity of diseases. Five diseases were selected: guinea worm, hepatitis B, HIV/AIDS, malaria and typhoid fever and their effects on farmers' productivity were examined. A total of 110 respondents were selected randomly from five council wards. Primary and secondary data were collected. Primary data were gathered using structured questionnaire through interview. Data collected were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Result of the findings revealed that malaria was the most prevalent disease in the area 46.4%.

[1]. Ensom, H.E. Health, Disease And Illness, Nigerian Medical J.L.; 1987, 10(8) 167 – 178.
[2]. Fanello, B. T. And Barkar L. F. Transmission Of Serum Hepatitis. Journal Of The American Medical Association. 2010, 276 (10).
[3]. FAO, Food Agriculture, Organization, The State Of Food Insecurity In The World. Edited By Kormawa, A, Beks, B. And Agboh, A. R. Held On 18 – 20th July. 1999, Cotonu, Benin Republic.
[4]. Guerny, J. Sustainable Agricultural Rural Development And Innumerability To The AIDS Epidemic. Edited By Kormawa, A. Beks B And Agboh A. R. Held On 18 – 20th July. 1999, Cotonu, Benin Republic.
[5]. Nicky, W. D. Gorillas In Midst Of Malaria Mystery. 2010. Retrieved From Http://Www.Who.Int/Material World Malaria Report 2010/On/Dex.Html. Retrieved On 6/7/2013
[6]. WHO, World Health Organization. Report On Infectious Disease, Removing Obstacles To Health Development. A World Health Publication, 1999, Washington D. C. Pp 11-13.

Abstract: "The use of graffiti as a source of data has spread beyond studies of human sexuality and urban youth" and this study focused on emotion types of graffiti writers in Mahara Jogging Path (MJP). The main sources of data collected through pictorial analysis and observations from the graffiti along the MJP. The study was carried out in October, 2014 and 93 graffiti were recorded. There were three major categories found among the Graffiti in MJP viz. (1). drawn by jogging path authorities, (2). drawn by jogging path visitors and (3). drawn by jogging path sellers.

[1]. Gadsby. M. Jane. (1995). Looking at the Writing on the Wall, A Critical Review and Taxonomy of Graffiti Texts, 1-6 Available from: http://www.graffiti.org/faq/critical.review.html

[2]. Abel, E. L. and B. E. Buckley. The Handwriting on the Wall: Toward a Sociology and Psychology of Graffiti. (Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1977).

[3]. Schwartz, Marc J, and Dovidio, John F. (1984). Reading between the lines: personality correlates of graffiti writing. Perceptual and motor skills: 59(2). doi: 10.2466/pms.1984.59.2.395

[4]. Rodriguez. Amardo, and Clair. Robin Patric. (2009). Southern Communication Journal, 65(1), 1-15, DOI: 10.1080/10417949909373152
[5]. Explore Gampaha. (n.d.). A comprehensive Guide to Natural, Historical and Religious Heritage in Gampaha District, n.d. available at: www.srilanka.travel/catalog/view/.../pdf/E-Attraction%20 Guides.pdf

Abstract: Child sexual abuse is one of the most pervasive social problems faced by this society. Its impact is profound because of the sheer frequency with which it occurs and because of the trauma brought to the lives of children who have experienced this crime. Its impact can be classified under short and long term effects which in most cases incapacitate adult life. Historically, however, the sexual abuse of children was dismissed as a "family problem". Within the past decade, it has been addressed by a sometimes reluctant criminal justice system. It is only in more recent years that the profession of mental health has begun to understand child sexual abuse not only as a criminal justice problem, but also as a mental health concern.

[1]. Arata CM Journal of Clinical psychology, Science and Practice, Child Sexual Abuse and Sexual Gratification Vol 9 Issue 2 135-164 May 2006.
[2]. Babiker G & Herbert M, Child Abuse Review: The Role of Psychological Instruments in Assessment of Child Sexual Abuse, Vol 5 (4) 239-251 February 1999.
[3]. Bacon H & Richardson S, Attachment Theory and Child Abuse: An Overview of the Literature for Practitioners. Child Sexual Abuse Review on attachment and Child Protection Vol 10 Issue 6 377-397.
[4]. Ball K, Kenardy C & Lee C, Relationship Between Disordered Eating and Unwanted Sexual Experiences: A Review, Vol 34, Issue 3 166-176 November 1999. [5]. Berth-Jones J & Graham-Brown RAC, Childhood sexual Abuse: A Dermatological perspective. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology Vol 15, Issue 5 321-330 September 1990.

Abstract: Science as an academic discipline claims indubitable knowledge. Science seems to have no bounds in its area of study so long as it has to do with nature. As such its enterprise is not a concluded area. It is an on going process as new discoveries are being made along its stride. Science has contributed a lot to the alleviation and eradication of man‟s problems in nature. Science has put man into the understanding and manipulations of the process of nature. With the application of scientific method many of the mysteries surrounding nature have been dismantled. Most beliefs – superstitions and myths bewitching the human mind have been eroded by the knowledge of science.

1]. Akpan, Chris. "Feyerabend‟s Philosophy of Science and its Implications for African Development" in History and Philosophy of Science, Princewill I. Alozie (Ed), Calabar: Clear Lines Publications Ltd, 2008.
[2]. Alozie, Princewill. Philosophy of Physics, Calabar: University of Calabar Press, 2004.
[3]. Alozie, Princewill (Ed). History and Philosophy of Science, Calabar: Clear Lines Publications Ltd, 2008.
[4]. Brody, Boruch A. Science, Man, Methods and Goals. New York: W.A. Benjamin Inc, 1968.
[5]. Bronowskl, J. A Sense of the Future, Cambridge. The MIT Press, 1977.

Abstract: Previous literature has explored the link between natural resource mobilization, utilization, conflicts and management. Scholars have however, rarely reached a univocal agreement and a common theoretical understanding on this interrelation. In this thematic paper, we reconsider the connections between natural resources, mobilization, utilization, management and conflict. This paper provides a systematic analysis of sources of conflicts over natural resources and management strategies that should be incorporated in resource mobilization in order to mitigate global resource conflicts.

Key words: Resource, Resource mobilization; Resource management, Utilization, Conflicts.

[1]. Adan, M. and Pkalya, R. (2006) Conflict Management in Kenya: towards policy and strategy formulation.‟ Nairobi: Practical Action
[2]. Brown, L.D. (1983). Managing Conflict at Organisational Interfaces; Reading: Addison-Wesley
[3]. Buckles, D. and Rusnak, G. (2005) Conflict and Collaboration in Natural Resource Management; International Development Research Council. Available at:
[4]. www.idrc.org/en/ev-27964-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html Collier, P. (2003). "The Market for Civil War," Foreign Policy, No. 136: 38–45.
[5]. Collier, P. (2000). "Doing well out of war," in Mats Berdal and David M. Malone, eds., Creed and Grievances:Economic Agendas in Civil War. Boulder: Lynne Rienner,

Abstract:This paper examined the root causes of conflicts and how they can be prevented, managed and resolved. God originally planned in His creation that people should live in peace and harmony with mutually beneficial relationship of giving and receiving based upon common values and purpose. And it is the desire of people to live in a world of peace and harmony but the reality today is that almost in every nation there is conflict.

[1]. Baba,M.M. (2008). Conflict prevention and management. A paper presented at a one-day conference of the institutes of corporate executives of Nigeria, Gombe, Gombe state.

[2]. Oko, J.I (2008). The root causes of conflict. A paper presented at a special capacity building workshop for ambassadors for peace, Wuse Abuja.

[3]. Oko, J.I (2008). The resolution of conflict and peace making techniques. A paper presented at a special capacity building workshop for ambassadors for peace, Wuse Abuja.

Abstract: 'To the individual, education means expansion of cultural horizons and employment opportunities. To the nations, it means enhanced prospect of social and economic development.' The Declaration of Human Rights, 1948, stated that everyone has a right to education. Yet, even today, this right is being denied to millions of children'.1

Key words: chalta phirta school, mobile learning centre's, sarva shiksha abhyan, elementary education, civil society.

[1]. Wingard, D.L. Am. J. Epid, 1982 116 (1): 765

[2]. Khokar A, Garg S, Bharti N. "Determinants of Reasons of School drop outs amongst dwellers of an urban slum of Delhi." Indian J community Med 2005

[3]. Chugh Sunita , " Why children drop out ? Case study of Metropolitan slum " Bookwell 2004

[4]. Mehrota K Santosh, " Universalising elementary education in India "OUP 2005

[5]. Aggarwal D D , " History and Development Of Elementary Education in India" 2002 Swarup

[6]. H.R.D. Report School Drop-out Rate continues to be alarming: HRD report

[7]. Planning Commision report on SSA

Abstract: Open spacewhich refers to the land set aside during the development process is a contemporary topic as it is mandatory for a healthy education environment.As the intake of undergraduates of University of Kelaniya (UOK) are increasing significantly, available open space and the per capita open space of UOK are decreasing.Quantitative research approach was employed in terrain (2184296ft2) of UOK, to analyze sufficiency of available open space types of University of Kelaniya by 2014. The specific objectives were to identify available open space by year, to identify available open space per undergraduate by year, to estimate the impact of student enrollment on open space of the University,

[1]. Conners, D.A.The school environment: A link to understanding stress. Theory into Practice, 22(1), 1983, 15-20.
[2]. EPA [United States Environmental Protection Agency] (2013), www.epa.gov › EPA New England › Communities › UEP, Visited last on 05.01.2014
[3]. Gibbons, Jim.Open Space Planning, Six Facts Sheets, Nonpoint Education for Municipal Officials (NEMO),1998a, 01.
[4]. Gibbons, Jim.Open Space Planning, Six Facts Sheets, Nonpoint Education for Municipal Officials (NEMO),1998b,p 03. [5]. Johannesburg Summit Sri Lanka Country Profile, United Nations, 2002, 22. Available from: www.un.org/esa/agenda21/natlinfo/ wssd/ srilanka.pdf ,Visited last on 05.01.2014
[6]. Landscope America. "What Is Open Space",2008, Available from: http://www.landscope.org/explore/open_space_101/,Visited last on 05.01.2014

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