IOSR-JHSS   Volume-23 ~ Issue-5 ~ May -2018

Abstract: Geographically Odisha has an area of 1,55,707 square kilometres surrounded by the neighbouring states Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal and Bay of Bengal. It has a population of 3,68,04,660, out of which males constitute 1,86,60,570 and female 1,81,44,090. It has 51,349 villages and 138 towns and the literacy rate is 70.5 males whereas 50.5 relates to females. Odisha has rivers like Mahanadi, Brahmani, Baitarani, Tel, Rushikulya, Sabari and others. Odisha is a land of mountains, but two highest mountains named Garhjat and Mahendra Giri are notable. Chilika is the biggest lake which is 64 km long and 20 km wide. It is the brackish water island lake in Asia which stretches over an area of 1,100 sq km, where in two beautiful islands named Malud and Parikuda invite tourists throughout the year...............

Key Words: Resource, Conflict, Development, Sustainable, Economic

[1]. Annual Report 2016-17 published by Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India, Krushi Bhawan, New Delhi
[2]. Economic and Political Weekly, June 28-July 4,2003, VOL XXXVIII No.6
[3]. Economic and Political Weekly, March 1-7, 2003, VOL XXXVIII No.9
[4]. Economic and Political Weekly, April 5-11, 2003, VOL XXXVIII No.14
[5]. Economic and Political Weekly, September 7-13, 2002, VOL XXXVII No.36

Abstract: Environmentalist groups have often relied on grassroots movements, traditional media or localised campaigns to spread awareness and information regarding various environmental issues. However, over the past decade internet has reinvented the forms and practices of activism all around the world. It allows people to par-ticipate in simultaneous movements and gives the activists an alternate space to present their side of the story. The paper examines whether the use of social media spurs environmental activism and public engagement. It will also focus on the growth of environmental movements in India.

Key Words: Environmental Activism, Online Media, Clicktivism, Media Campaigns

[1]. Earl, J., Kimport, K. (2011). Digitally enabled social change: Activism in the internet age. Cambridge: MIT press.
[2]. White, A. (2013, June 07). Can online environmental activism deliver change offline? | Alexander White. Retrieved March 08, 2018, from https://www.theguardian.com/environment/southern-crossroads/2013/jun/07/online-environmental-activism-offline-change-clicktivism
[3]. Else , Liz. "Interview: Champion for Green Growth." New Scientist, 15 Oct. 2008, www.newscientist.com/article/mg20026786.500-interview-champion-for-green-growth/.

[4]. Giddens, A. 1998. The Third Way: The Renewal of Social Democracy. Polity: Reprint edition, pp. 27-28.

[5]. Beck, U. 1992. Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity. London: Sage Publications, pp, 21.

Abstract: According to World Bank, the pressureof examinationsand ranking of schoolsaccordingto performance are blamed for lack of depth in learningand the teaching process worldwide. Focusing on examination results ignores manyotherimportantoutcomesof schoolinglikephysicalwellbeing, life skills, integrity,confidenceand deportment. Despite attempts to do away with ranking, it has defied the test of time. The purpose of this study was to establish teachers‟ perceptions of the effect of ranking public secondary schools based on national examinations in Trans Nzoia West Sub County. Specifically, the study undertook to establish teachers‟ perception of the effect of ranking on teachers‟ self-esteem, teaching practices, career progression, and students‟ performance in examinations. The study was anchored on expectancy theory by Vroom. The study used descriptive survey design.............

Key Words: Ranking of schools, Teachers‟ perceptions, Self-esteem, Career progression.

[1]. Amadalo, M., Maiyo, J., &Amunga, J. (2009). Ranking secondary schools and students in national examinations: The effecton promotion rates andperformance trends in schools in Kenya. Problems of Education on the 21st Century, 15, 9-19.
[2]. Amunga, J. K., Amadalo, M. M., &Maiyo, J. K.(2010). Ranking of Secondary Schools and the perception of teachers and students.Problems of Education on the 21st Century, 20(7), 10-24
[3]. Babbie, E. (2014). The basics of social research (6thed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
[4]. Board of Studies; NSW (2008). Studying for New South Wales HigherSchoolCertificate:An InformationBookletfor Year 10 students. Sydney:Boardof Studies; NSW.
[5]. Boit, M., Njoki, A., &Changach, J. K. (2012). The Influence of Examinations on the Stated Curriculum Goals.American International Journal of ContemporaryResearch, 2(2),179-182.

Abstract: Children and Women in Indonesia post-divorce are vulnerable to injustice with regard to the rights to be received. These rights include the breadwinner of children, the livelihood of wives and the sharing of marital property. At the time of divorce, many who do not understand the law or the rules that apply. Law enforcement factors such as judges and lawyers should help women seek justice still oriented to commercial interests, less conscientious, and not in favor of the interests of children and women. Besides, the legal culture of the community, both internal and external, is still not in favor of children and women. Therefore, cooperation from all components is required so that law enforcement is implemented properly. One alternative to answering law enforcement on the rights of children and women after divorce is through the progresif law used to achieve happiness and justice in society

Key Words: law enforcement, divorce, children's and women's rights.

[1]. A. Mukti Arto, 2015. Pembaharuan Hukum Islam Melalui Putusan Hakim, Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta
[2]. ....................., 2017. Penemuan Hukum Islam Demi Mewujudkan Keadilan. Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta.
[3]. Andy Hartanto, 2017, Hukum Harta Kekayaan Perkawinan, Laksbang PreSSindo, Yogyakarta
[4]. Damanhuri, 2012.Segi-Segi Hukum Perjanjian Perkawinan Harta Bersama, Mandar Maju, Bandung.
[5]. M. Anshary, 2016. Harta Bersama Perkawinan dan Permasalahnnya, Mandar Maju, Bandung.

Abstract: The central aim of this paper was to investigate strategies used by victory outreach church in alleviation of poverty among the people of Bungoma County, Kenya. The study employed stratified simple random sampling technic to arrive at 384 (n=384) research respondents. The study used questionnaires, focused group discussions, participant observation and interview schedules as primary data collection instruments. Data analysis involved use of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21 software. Descriptive statistics which included use of percentages was employed in this study. Interview schedules were used to collect qualitative information while questionnaires collected quantitative information from the respondents. Reliability of research instruments was ensured through three step measure...........

Key Words: Poverty, alleviation, Bungoma County, Kenya.

[1]. Albert, O. H. (2012), "Worldly Philosopher; The Odssey of Albert O. Hirschman" Princeton University Press.
[2]. Alkire, S. (2005), "Why the Capabilities Approach?", Journal of Human Development 6 (1):115 133,
[3]. Appadurai, A. (2004), "The Capacity to Aspire: Culture and the Terms of Recognition", in Rao, Vijayendra; Walton, Michael, Culture and Public Action, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, pp. 59–84.
[4]. Bible NRSV (2012) published and translated by United Bible Societies, London.
[5]. Bryne (1975), The Church and Development Dilemma, Eldoret, Gaba Publishers

Abstract: Ideally, people should apply the cooperative principle that consists of four maxims of conversation in their communication. Speakers usually obey these maxims to reach the purpose of the conversation that they are in to avoid any miscommunication. Flouting of maxims is a situation wherein a speaker manipulates a particular maxim that results in a conversational implicature. The interest of this article is to illustrate some maxims that were flouted by the Syrian leader, Bashar Al-Assad during his interview with the ARD channel. Analysis of the maxims of the Arab leader‟s interview revealed that the main reason for Assad‟s violation of the maxims was to convey meanings in his favour. It can be implicated that political leaders flout maxims to produce particular shades of meanings which may not always be conceivable to all parties in order to gain the support from masses.

Key Words: Arab Spring, cooperative principle, flouting, Grice‟s maxims, interview.

[1]. Thomas, J. A. (2014). Meaning in interaction: An introduction to pragmatics. Routledge.
[2]. Grice, H. P., Cole, P., & Morgan, J. (1975). Logic and conversation. 1975, 41-58.
[3]. Schiffrin, D. & Hamilton, H. E. (eds.). (2001). Handbook of Discourse Analysis. Oxford: Blackwell. 612-634.
[4]. Chierchia, G. & McConnell-Ginet, S. (1990). Meaning and grammar: An introduction to semantics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Cambridge.
[5]. Gumpers, J. (1982). Discourse Strategies. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge

Abstract: One of the ways in which Mahasweta Devi authors an ethnocentric ecological discourse is by devising an ecofeminist model rooted in maternal restructuring of power relations. She uses a postcolonial version of ecofeminism to counteract the phallocentric narrative of capitalist development and to simultaneously recuperate the aboriginal woman. Mahasweta‟s subaltern Eco-history of the forest (Aranya) becomes a recuperative Eco-feminist history and a revisionist Eco-Ethnohistory. She forces the bourgeois reader to rethink the forest as a unique Bio-Habitat with its own relations of social and economic exchange, its own cult of diffused maternal principle existing in the interpersonal relation between women and nature and its own natural laws serving the predesignated function of safeguarding the "Mother" Forest from phallocentrically constrained models of development. The history of the forest and its denizen predates contemporary epistemological disciplines like anthropology and palaeontology.

Key Words: Ecofeminism, indigenous, bio-conservation, Bioregional, forest

[1]. Devi, Mahsweta.Bitter Soil, Trans. Chanda, Ipsita. Kolkata: Seagull,2009
[2]. Devi, Mahsweta. The Armenian Champa Tree, Trans. Bhattacharjee, NirmalKanti. Kolkata: Seagull, 2009
[3]. Devi, Mahasweta. Five Plays, Trans. Bandyopadhyay, Samik. Kolkata: Seagull, 2011
[4]. Devi, Mahasweta. The Book of Hunter, Trans. Sengupta, Sagaree and Sengupta,Mandira. Kolkata: Seagull, 2009
[5]. Devi, Mahasweta. After Kurukshetra, Trans. Katyal, Anjum. Kolkata: Seagull, 2009
[6]. Secondary Sources

Abstract: Application of result based management in personnel administration is the epicenter of government performance. Public manager‟s performances need to be enhanced in order to ensure consistent level government performance to achieve state goals. Application of result based management in personnel administration facilitates a holistic process which introduces organizational aims, team and individual objectives development, effective measurement and assessment of employee performance, the matching of rewards to good performance and the provision of feedback. It develops constructive and supportive mechanisms for public employee development and acquisition of skills which are crucial for organizational success. Applying result based management in personnel administration is a much broader concept than performance..............

Key Words: Public Performance, Personnel Administration, Personnel Management, Performance Management, Result Based Management, Result Based Personnel Management.

[1] Adaptation Fund (2009) Results-based Management Framework, A paper presented at the Adaptation Fund Board, Bonn. November 16-18. Accessed from <http://www. adaptation-fund.org/system/files/AFB.B.8.8_RBM.pdf> on 26th May, 2015.
[2] Ali, A. M. M. S. (2010) Civil Service Management in Bangladesh: An Agenda for Policy Reform, Dhaka: University Press Limited.
[3] Amjad, S. (2008) Results-based Management Implementation for Outcomes: An Agenda for Action in Developing Countries, Paper presented at the National Health Policy Unit, Islamabad. Accessed from <http://copmfdrafrica.ning.com/forum/topics/ resultbased-management-1> on 25th May, 2015.
[4] Armstrong, M. (2008) Performance Management: Key Strategies and Practical Guidelines, Third Edition, Philadelphia: Kogan Page Limited.
[5] Armstrong, M. and Baron, A. (1998) Performance Management: The New Realities, London: CIPD

Abstract: The Recent discovery of hydrocarbons reserves in Kenya has sparked heated debate on the economic, social and environmental implications in utilizing this resource. There is the fear of the so-called oil resource ‗curse' or the paradox of plenty. The aim of this paper was to explore the county's upstream oil and coal status and the emerging challenges and opportunities in the energy sector. The study largely relied on secondary data obtained from existing documentations on governance framework on the management of the resources locally and internationally also comparing approaches adopted by other countries and the pronounced consequences. This was supplemented by selected interviews with key stakeholders including government departments and agencies, community associations............

Key Words: Hydrocarbons, Resource Curse, Governance, Institution, Contracts, Kenya.

[1] African Development Bank (AfDB) and the African Union (AU) (2009): Oil and gas in Africa supplement to the African Development report. Oxford University press.
[2] Africa Development Bank (AfDB). (2008). 2008-2012 Kenya Country Strategy Paper.
[3] AfDB (2007), (AfDB Memorandum on EITI)—Support to Implementation of EITI in Resource Rich Regional Member Countries. African Development Bank/African Development Fund, Tunis.
[4] Ahmad, E. and E. Mottu. (2003).Oil Revenue Assignments: Country Experiences and Issues. In Davis et al (eds) Fiscal Policy Formulation and Implementation in Oil-Producing Countries. Washington D.C: International.
[5] African Tax Administration Forum (ATAF), (2012) Good Tax Governance in Africa. ―Generally, there is more than corruption involved.‖ATAF.

Abstract: Medan City is inhabited by many ethnic called as multy-ethnic. Although the Malay tribe is the original tribe but it is not the majority tribe. The majority tribe is Java, although the Javanese tribe as a majority tribe, they no longer practice Javanese culture strictly. It is blended with Malay culture, Batak culture, as well as other tribes. However, in the use of the symbols and the characteristics of each tribe remains to surface, for example, the existence of associations based on tribes, clans, religious unity and others. The emergence of seeds of conflict in the city of Medan is partly caused by a clash of interests between the various tribes that inhabit it, then associated with ethnic, tribal, class and even with belief or religion that they embraced.

Key Words: culture; horizontal conflict; ethnics; tribe

[1] Abdurachim, Iih, (1986), Pengantar Masalah Penduduk, Alumni Bandung.
[2] Hadiluwih, Subanindyo, (2010), Konflik Etnik di Indonesia, USU Press, Medan.
[3] Mohammad Taib Hj. Dora dan Mohammad Razali Agus (1998), Peminggiran Sosial dan Kemiskinan Melayu Bandar, Kuala Lumpur, University Malaya.
[4] Muchtar, Naim, (1981), Mobilitas Penduduk dan Permasalahannya, Gunung Aung, Jakarta.
[5] Soekanto, Soerjono, (1990), Sosiologi Suatu Pengantar, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta

Abstract: A sun that emerges in the horizon of persecution in times when human values are forgotten, moral and conscience empowers, and life ignores ignorance instead of guidance, justice, and equality in the adventure of history, always raises mankind with wisdom and knowledge from the darkness . Surely this sun, Starting with Adam, the last Prophet It is the inspiration of Allah, the one goal, the guiding and guidance of mankind, which He has sent to all the Prophets as far as Muhammad. For when mankind has been crucified by light, Allah Almighty will surely bring them out of ignorance and send them resources to guide them in this matter. This study will focus on the principles of the Qur'an to ensure the coexistence of people of different religions and colors.

Key Words: Qur'an, The Socıety, Dynamics, Basıc

[1] el-Alûsî, Şihabuddîn es-Seyyid Mahmut el-Alûsî el-Bağdâdî (ö. 1270/1853), Rûhu'l-Meânî, fi Tefsîri'l Kur'âni'l-Azîm ve's-Sebi'l- Mesânî, Dâru‟l-Fikr, Beyrut, ts.
[2] el-Beydâvî, Nasruddîn Ebî Saîd Abdullah b. Ömer, (ö. 685/1286), Envaru't-Tenzîl Ve Esraru't-Te'vîl,(Mecmûâtün mine't-tefâsîr içinde), Dâr-u İhyâi‟t-Türâsi‟l-Arabî, ts.
[3] el-Buhârî, Muhammed b. İsmail, (ö.256/869), el-Câmiu's-Sahîh, İstanbul, 1897.
[4] el-Cassâs, Ebubekir Ahmed b. Ali er-Râzî, (v. 370/980), Ahkâmu'l-Kur'ân, Tah. M.Sadık Kamhavî, Dâru‟t-Turâsi‟l-Arabiyye, Beyrut, 1980.
[5] el-Curcânî, Seyyid Şerif (v.816/1413), Kitâbü't-Ta'rîfât, ts.

Abstract: Some studies have discussed about the specific technique in teaching English, especially in writing skill. The results indicated that the conducted technique had some influences or even correlations with students' writing outcome. However, the studies just focused on examining one or two techniques. In this study, the author aimed to assemble some techniques she has applied in English writing class to be correlated with the students' outcome and learning perception. The research questions are ; 1. What was the students' English writing outcome taught by multiple techniques?, 3. How did the students' perception about the multiple techniques?, 4. Are there any correlation of those techniques and the students' writing outcome and learning perception?. There were about 25 students of class twelve Ibnu Shina at Senior High School MA Ma'arif 06 Pasir Sakti as subjects in the study.Upon this study, it can be concluded that the multiple techniques which have been applied in the classroom are correlated with the students' writing outcome and their learning perception. English teachers are suggested to apply more than two techniques for particular skill and need in order to reach the maximum achievement of learning a foreign language.

Key Words: Multiple Techniques, English Writing Outcome, Learning Perception

[1] Generate ideas – decide what to write about.
[2] Questions to guide writing
[3] Brainstorming/Concept mapping/Graphic organizers
[4] Draw –make a quick pencil sketch of your scene. This is a rough sketch: use outlines only, stick people are encouraged. Try to include as many little details as you can.
[5] Label –create a one or two word text label for each item in your drawing. Label everything the students can think of, even different parts of things

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