IOSR-JHSS   Volume-23 ~ Issue-7 ~ July -2018

Abstract: The word, culture, is usually associated with anthropological practices like dances, arts and craft, language use, tribal rituals, ethics and values all of which peculiarly identify any given group of people. In this respect, culture is represented as the opposite of modernity. Culture therefore always conotes the exotic, the primitive, the pristine, the primordial, the unsophisticated, the underdeveloped, the uncivilized, the prehistoric, the crude and antiquity. However, there is another sense that the culture is known for. It is about the present too. It is about work in progress. It is about civilization. This is the idea Dzurgba has in mind when he comprehensively defines it in a manner that suggests an affinity between the old and the new in fostering the progress of society:..........

[1]. Abraham, RC The Tiv People, London, Crown Agents, 1940
[2]. Brandel, Fernand A History of Civilizations, New York, Pengium Books, 1987.
[3]. Dzurgba, Akpenpuun. Elements of Tiv Culture: Material and Ideological Studies, Ibadan, John Archers, 2016
[4]. Eliot, T.S. "Tradition and The Individual Talent" in Critical Theory Since Plato (ed) Hazard Adams, New York, Harcourt Brace Javonovich Inc., 1971.
[5]. Fukuyana,Francis: The End of History and The Last Man, London: Pengium Books, 1992.

Abstract: The assumption of this paper is that media convergence has blurred the hitherto existing line between the mass media and interpersonal communications, and has nonverbal cues as its strength. Rather than the evolutionary technique, the paper adapted the descriptive approach in the discussion of facts. It, therefore, suggests a renewed attention to development scholarship in non-verbal and subliminal communications by reviewing its implication for effective communication, particularly in the prevailing era of media convergence. To achieve this, the paper reviewed some literature relating to communication, non-verbal and subliminal communications and media convergence, and buttressed the significance of nonverbal and subliminal communications in media convergence. Recommendations were made including the reinforcement of non-verbal and subliminal communications in digital media productions for greater communication service delivery.

Key Words: Communication, Nonverbal Communication, Subliminal Communication, Media Convergence

[1]. Ajibade, B. & Omni, E. (2014). Nigerian arts traditions. In B. Ajibade and E. Enamhe, (Eds.). Creative & media arts: A practical source book. Calarbar: Spindrel International Company.
[2]. Baran, S. (1990). Introduction to mass communication: Media literacy and culture. California: Mayfield Publishing Press.
[3]. Betiang, L. (2004). Public broadcasting in national development. Journal of the National Broadcasting Commission. NBC News. 6(4), 19 - 25.
[4]. Egwu, E. U. (2001). Foreign media projection of Africa. The role of African communicators. The Nigerian Journal of Communications. The biannual journal of the African council for communication education. (ACCE), Nigerian Chapter, 1(1), 1-15.
[5]. Erdal, I. J. (2011). Coming to terms with convergence journalism: Cross-media as theoretical and analytical concept. Sage Journals, Volume 17, Issue 2, May 2011. pp. 213-223.

Abstract: The study was carried out to identify the extent of resource provision in Colleges of Education for the effective implementation of Office Technology and Management Education (OTME) Programme. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population of the study was 21 Business education lecturers from Ebonyi State College of Education and Enugu State College of Education (Technical). All the lecturers were used for the study so no sampling was done. The instrument used for collecting data was a structured questionnaire. The instrument was developed by the researcher and it was validated by three experts. The instrument was tested for reliability using Kuder-Richardson (K-20) formula and the reliability index was 0.63. The instrument was administered to the........

Keywords: Education, management, resource provision and OTME programme

[1]. Abimbade, A. (1997). Principle and practice of educational technology. Ibadan: International Publisher Ltd.

[2]. Adeyanyu, H.I., Ajayi, K.O. s& Salomi, M.O. (2011). Status of human and material resources in public primary schools in Ogun State: Implementation for curriculum development. Journal of Basic and Applied scientific research. 1(7), 634-637.

[3]. Afuwape, M.O. (2004). The effect of computer assisted instruction on students' attitude towards integrated science. Nigeria Journals of Computer Literacy (NJCL). 3(1), 40-46.
[4]. Anioke, B. O. (2011). Problems and prospects of business education in Nigeria. In Eze, C. E., Introduction to Vocational Education. (New Edition) Enugu: Lady Star Printing Services.

[5]. Ayodele-Bamisaye, O., Nwuzoke, I.A., & Okediran, A. (2003). Education this millennium-innovation in theory and practice. Lagos: Macmillan Nigeria Publishers Limited.

Abstract: Apologists of colonialism argue that it left in Africa economic legacies with potentials of triggering economic growth; that it laid the foundation for growth by initiating Africa into the international economic order; that Africa's underdeveloped status lies only in Africa's post colonial experience. Opposing this predominantly Euro-American view are proponents of the position that colonization is responsible for Africa's Post colonial underdevelopment. Theirs is that Africa's underdevelopment derived from historical antecedents of colonialism. Using mostly secondary sources and scholarly analysis of colonial economic data, this paper examines the economic legacies of colonialism and posits that colonial economic legacies are not assets but hindrances to Africa's economic transformation. It implores African leaders to chart a new course to Africa's economic development by jettisoning rudiments of colonial economic legacies.

Keywords: colonialism, Africa, economic, underdevelopment

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[2]. Lord Lugard, The Dual Mandate in Tropical Africa (London:W Blackwood and Sons,1922).
[3]. Michael Crowder, West Africa Under Colonial Rule (London: Hutchson and Co., 1968), 275.
[4]. Michael Crowder, 277.
[5]. Edward Kerby, Alexander Morandi, and Remi Tedwab, 3 Policy Lessons from Africa's Colonial Railways; International Growth Centre, Annual Report, 2016, 5.