Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Human Security: A Path to Global Security
Country	:	China
Authors	:	Prof Yu Xiaofeng , Imran Ali Sandano

Abstract: The traditional concept of national and international security in essence stay away from war between and avert offensive by other states have, necessarily, been outmoded in recent time. In the post-cold war era "human security" has enormously become significant, mainly since September th 200. The need of human security has become the turning point in the international politics, and human security issues have been accepted both by policy makers and international institutions. A further incorporated approach to studying this field is obligatory to attain the preferred outcome of combined security, i.e from the individual to international level.
Keywords: human security; global security; national and international security; approaches to security

[1]. Shahrbanou Tadjbakhsh and Anuradha Chenoy (2007) Human Security: Concepts and implications, New York: Routledge.
[2]. Barry Buzan, Ole Weaver, and Jaap De (997) Wilde Security: A New Framework for Analysis, Boulder: CO.: Lynne Rienner.
[3]. Amartya Sen (999) Development as Freedom, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[4]. David Chandler (2003) "New Rights for Old? Cosmopolitan Citizenship and the Critique of State Sovereignty‟, Political Studies, Vol. 5, No. 2.
[5]. R. Muggah and K. Krause (2006) "A true measure of success? The discourse and practice of human security in Haiti‟ Whitehead Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Portrayal of child delivery in Indian Tv Advertisements vis-à-vis Right to Privacy of Women
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Juhi P. Pathak

Abstract: Pregnancy and child birth are a matter of great happiness for any woman but at the same time it is a matter concerning her privacy too. But it has been observed that there is a recent trend in the field of Indian advertising where child birth has been trivialized to cash in on profits by the private players. The showing of child delivery of a woman in derogatory manner is indeed an infringement on the right to privacy of a woman. The researcher, through this paper, would like to highlight the cases that have been on trend in the present scenario of advertising in India; and evaluate to what extent the privacy of a woman is hampered through such portrayal. The trend of showing the process of normal child delivery started in India, first, in movies like 'Salaam Namaste' and '3 Idiots'. But recently two big companies, the MTS Internet Service Provider and Cadbury 5 Star have started their advertising campaign through the portrayal of women in labour and finally delivering their babies. These campaigns are being aired on national television and it is felt that such indecent portrayals of women are a strict violation of their right to privacy of women as an entire class. The researcher would also analyze the recent laws prevalent in our country to check on such violation of the right to privacy.
Keywords: Advertisements, woman, child delivery, violation, right to privacy

[1]. http://www.mtsindia.in/corporate/downloads/Come%2026th%20March,%202014%20-%20Babies%20In%20India%20Will%20Be%20'Born%20For%20The%20Internet'.pdf
[2]. http://www.exchange4media.mobi/Story.aspx?news_id=54848&section_id=1
[3]. http://www.campaignbrief.com/asia/2014/02/creativeland-asia-gives-birth.html
[4]. http://lbbonline.com/nehttp://www.campaignindia.in/Video/373329,mts-targets-8216net-gen8217-again-with-an-8216internet-baby8217.aspx

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Idea of Money for Merchants of Gujarat in Sixteenth – Seventeenth Centuries
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Monika Sharma (Post-Doctoral Fellow)

Abstract: Gujarat was the most prosperous subah in Mughal period. It enjoyed the identity of high incidence of urbanization and well developed trade and commerce. This paper intends to find out the ways and areas where these merchants invested their money. The main objective of this study would be to contextualize the idea of money for different merchants. How the various merchants invested their money to acquire political and social advantages. The items of luxury availed by the merchants and their assets outside the region.
Keywords: communities, Gujarat, trade & commerce, merchants, money

[1]. Fawcett,Charles, The English Factories in India, 1642-45, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1954, p.142.
[2]. Pearson, M.N., Merchants and Rulers in Gujarat, University of California press, Barkley and Los Angeles, London, 1976, p. 8.
[3]. Wharf is the quayside area to which a ship may be moored to load and unload.
[4]. Gokhale, Balkrishna, Surat in Seventeenth Century, Bombay, 1979, p. 127.
[5]. Qaiser, A.J., "Shipbuilding in Mughal Empire During the 17th century‟, I.E.S.H.R., vol. 5, 1968, pp. 164-165.
[6]. AbulFazl, Akbarnama, 3 Vols., III, Eds. H. Baveridge, Low Price Publication, Delhi, 1993 (reprint), p. 195; Ali Muhammad
Khan,Mirat-i-Ahmadi, Tr. M.F. Lokhandwala, Oriental Institute, Baroda, 1965, p. 181.[

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Teaching English through Poetry: A Powerful Medium for Learning Second Language
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Reena Mittal

Abstract: Poetry was not considered apt and appropriate for second language learning especially when we talk about Grammar, communication skills etc. But poetry serves not only a model of literature but a model for teaching skills of language as reading and writing. Poetry can be an effective way of language teaching. The student can easily relate structures and themes with the help of poetry. We must always remember that our old Fables, Tales and Japanese 'Tanka', were sung and we still remember them by heart. This article focuses on use of poetry in ELL and ways of using poetry in ELL classrooms.
Key Words: Narrative, Pronunciation, Motivation, Confidence, Rhythm

[1]. Literature in the Language Classroom, Collie & Slater, 1987.
[2]. Using poems to develop productive skills, Christina Smart, British Council, Hungry 2002
[3]. www. onestopenglish.com.
[4]. www. Channel 14. com/learning.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Inventing the New, Re-defining the Old: Bengali Identities in post-1947 Bangla Stories
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Debosmita Paul

Abstract: A study of the history of the Bengal region proves the fact that it is a record of creation and re-creation of several identities. These identities had constantly divided and united the people residing within the region. Class, language and region have been the major factors which have conceptualized these identities. However, the Partition of 1947 had rendered its people with identities which were communal in nature and superseded all other identities which had existed in Bengal, so far. Post-1947, the two parts of Bengal, i.e. West Bengal in India and East Pakistan in the newly created Pakistan either re-defined their earlier identities or invented new identities. The present paper attempts to trace these identities through available historical accounts and also studies them through the Bengali short stories which deal with the Partition of 1947 and Partition of 1971. The ultimate objective is to conclude that the continually redefined identities and the new invented identities have resisted the formation of identities on the basis of religion. The paper has four sections. The Introduction proposes the aim of the paper and discusses the other works done in the area in brief. The second and the third sections, titled 'Redefining the Old…' and 'Inventing the New…', trace the various Bengali identities which have existed in the region through historical accounts and by analyzing the Bengali short stories based on the Bengal Partitions of 1947 and 1971.
Keywords: Bangladeshi literature, Bengali literature, Indian Literature in English Translation, Partition studies, Short Stories

[1]. Ramachandran, Sujata. "Of Bounderies and Border Crossing: Undocumented Bangladeshi "Infiltrators‟ and the Hegemony of Hindu Nationalism in India". The Partition of the Indian Subcontinent. ed. Ritu Menon. Spec. issue of Interventions 1.2 (1999):235-253.
[2]. Menon, Ritu. "Cartographies of Nations and Identities: A Post-Partition Predicament". Editorial. The Partition of the Indian Subcontinent. Spec. issue of Interventions. 1.2(1999). 157-166.
[3]. Ray, Niharranjan. History of the Bengali People (Ancient Period). Trans. John W. Hood. (New Delhi: Orient Longman, 1994).
[4]. Sengupta, Achintya Kumar. "Treaty". "Swakhar". Trans. Sarika Chaudhuri. Bashabi Frazer.(Ed.). Bengal Partition Stories: An Unclosed Chapter (Delhi: Anthem Press, 2006) 153-158.
[5]. Sengupta, Achintya Kumar. "Treaty". "Swakhar". Trans. Sarika Chaudhuri. Bashabi Frazer.(Ed.). Bengal Partition Stories: An Unclosed Chapter (Delhi: Anthem Press, 2006) 153-158

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Job Creation, Poverty Reduction and Conflict Resolution in North Eastern Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Lawan Cheri

Abstract: The North Eastern region of Nigeria is fast becoming a theater of skirmishes and full-blown war between government forces that wish to keep the country as one, indivisible and secular nation and those who wish to transform it into a theocratic state. Another strong opinion has it that the crisis was hijacked by political warlords that are perpetuating the conflict for political reasons. Whichever theoretical assumption is alleged, it cannot be disputed that the crises is sustained by the ever increasing army of jobless youth that are ready to be engaged for whatever purpose as long as it can fetch a means of livelihood. The paper assumes that one of the basic functions of government is to provide a favorable economic environment for citizens to thrive and contribute meaningfully to the development of the nation. This paper is an attempt to assess the relationship between job creation, poverty reduction and conflict resolution. The paper uses documentary analysis to examine how job creation in North Eastern Nigeria can reduce poverty in the area and reduce the possibility of escalating violence.It recommends among others, that governments at all levels should prioritize job creation and poverty alleviation programs in the region through government and non-governmental agencies. It also recommends strengthening the private sector to complement the efforts of government in employment generation.
Key Words: Job, Poverty, conflict, conflict-resolution

[1]. Walton, O. (2010). Youth, armed violence and job creation programmes. Norwegian Peace Building Center and Governance and Social Development Resource Center, University of Birmingham.
[2]. Obasanjo, O. (2005). Budget speech. Nigerian Muse. http://www.nigerianmuse.com
[3]. Olanrewaju, (2011, November 18). Nigeria: Still wallowing in poverty. ThisDay online Newspapers. Retrieved from: http://www.thisday.com
[4]. National Bureau of Statistics (2010) The Nigerian Poverty profile, 2010 report. Contained in press briefing by the Statistician General of the Federation, at the conference room 5th floor, NBS headquarters, Abuja on Monday, 13th January 2012.
[5]. Amarasuriya, H., C. Gündüz, M.M.(2009). Rethinking the nexus between youth, unemployment and conflict–Perspectives from Sri Lanka, Strengthening the Economic Dimensions of Peacebuilding Case Study Series, International Alert.Retrieved from: http://bit.ly/4uXTux

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	National Conference: Answering the Nigerian National Question
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Lawan Cheri,

Abstract: Nigeria is a country with a myriad opportunities and problems. It is the world's major producer of cassava and importer of starch, one of the largest producers of crude oil that cannot refine its oil and imports PMS, a country that produces tomatoes above national demand but also imports tomato paste. Worst still, the few infant industries are collapsing by the day due to unfavorable economic conditions leading to unemployment, crime and terrorism. On the political aspects, Nigeria tries almost all types of government will innumerable failures at all times. The parliamentary system of the first republic, the presidential system of second and fourth republics, the civilian-military diarchy of the IBB era, unitary structure under Ironsi and various military administrations have all led to wanton systemic failure. Since 1946 Nigeria is struggling to design a fiscal federal structure acceptable to its people but succeeded in creating dissatisfaction and apathy. This economic and political failure necessitates an analysis to know why things are happening the way they do and offer solutions to the problems facing the Nigerian state. Since no one can do that for Nigerians better than themselves, the call for a National Conference to discuss these issues becomes imperative. This paper uses documentary analysis to assess the views of people on the convocation of sovereign national conference, identify the challenges and hurdles that must be crossed and recommend solutions to the problems

[1]. Daily Independent (Sept. 29, 2013) Fundamentals of a Sovereign National Conference. http://www.dailyindependent.com/category/politics Accessed: 26/01/2014.

[2]. Codewit, (Oct. 2, 2013) Nigeria: How effective will this National Conference be? http://www.codewit.com/nigerianews Accessed: 26/01/2014.

[3]. Adibe, J. (Feb., 22, 2013) Beyond a Sovereign National Conference. http://www.hollerafrica.com Accessed: 27/01/2014

[4]. Dafinone, D., (2001) Resource control, the economic and political dimension. Publication of Urhobo Historical Society. http://www.waado.org

[5]. Iyobhebhe, J. (u.d) the resource control movement in Nigeria. http://www.gamji.com

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Women's Level of Education and Its Effect on Domestic Violence in Rural Bangladesh
Country	:	Bangladesh
Authors	:	Sarah Marium

Abstract: This paper explores the association between women's education and domestic violence against women perpetrated by their husbands and in-laws in the context of rural Bangladesh. The aim of the study is to find out whether a low level of women's education has a causal relation with domestic violence in rural Bangladesh. The research has been conducted through analyzing primary researches and data on domestic violence and associated factors of violence in recent years. The study reveals that the contextual variation of a number of factors associated with domestic violence allows us to identify a correlation of education level of women with domestic violence. The paper concludes with the suggestion that providing women with higher level of education may present an environment for lower level of violence and women's autonomy. However, it also may indirectly intensify family violence, depending on the circumstance.
Keyword: Domestic Violence, Rural Bangladesh, Women's Educational Level, Women's Status

[1]. Ahmed, S. M. (2005). Intimate Partner Violence against Women: Experiences from a Woman-focused Development Programme in Matlab, Bangladesh. The Journal of Health, Population and Nutritio, 23(1), 95-101. Retrieved from http://www.bioline.org.br/request?hn05011
[2]. World Health Organization. (2005). WHO Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence against Women. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/gender/violence/who_multicountry_study/summary_report/summary_report_English2. pdf
[3]. Naripokkho and Bangladesh Mahila Parishad. (n.d). Baseline Report: Violence against Women in Bangladesh. Retrieved from http://www.iwraw-ap.org/aboutus/pdf/FPvaw.pdf
[4]. Arends-Kuenning, M. & Amin, S. (2001).Women's Capabilities and the Right to Education in Bangladesh. International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society, 15(1), 125-142. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20000178?seq=2
[5]. Amin, S. (2008). Reforming Marriage Practices in Bangladesh. Promoting Healthy, Safe and Productive Transitions to Adulthood. Retrieved fromhttp://www.popcouncil.org/pdfs/TABriefs/PGY_Brief31_MarriageBangladesh.pdf

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Right To Education for Human Resource Development in 21st Century India: A Policy Perspective
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mamta Viswanath

Abstract: School education is the fundamental requisite to improve human resources. A sound school system should be in place guided by 'right' policy. Firstly, this paper examines the role of school education policies in promoting human resource development. Secondly, a brief evaluation of Indian education policies will enable us to understand the areas of shortcoming. Thirdly, the paper will critically analyze Right to Education in India as the new fundamental right promised by the constitution of India, a human right and the latest public policy on school education. A rigorous analysis from policy perspective is urgent as 21st century brings new challenges for the education system in the form of globalization, liberalization of economy, multi-culturalism, increased demand for English language proficiency, a new set of soft skills, entrepreneurship and increased competition. Lastly, the paper will discuss policy options available and best suited to optimize human resource development in India.
Keywords: School education, human resource development, fundamental right, right to education

[1]. Abdullah H, (2009a), 'Definitions of HRD: Key Concepts from a National and International Context', European Journal of Social Sciences, Vol.10, No.4, pp.487-488 Abdullah H, (2009b) Abdullah H, (2009c) Abdullah H, (2009d).
[2]. Aggarwal JC (2011), 'Development and Planning of Modern Education', Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi, p 555 Aggarwal JC, (2011), p 453 .
[3]. Aggarwal JC (2005), 'Recent Developments and Trends in Education', Shipra Publications, Delhi
[4]. Aradhya N and Kashyap A (2006), 'The Fundamentals: Right to Education in India', Centre for Child and the Law, National Law School of India University, Bangalore.
[5]. Berger E, (2003), 'The Right to Education under the South African Constitution', Columbia Law Review, Vol.103, No.3, pp.614-661 Berger E, (2003), p 626.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Employment Status of Teaching Positions of Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) in Selected Central Universities in India
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. J. B. Komaraiah, Ms. Shree Priya Singh

Abstract: The government has instituted a policy of "reservations" whereby a certain percentage is reserved for the castes that are considered to be low in the caste hierarchy and for the aborigines or tribes who were traditionally excluded from education. The number of Universities had gone up to 574 universities–(44 Central, 286 State, 111 State Private, 129 Deemed to be Universities, four Institutions established under State Legislation) as on 31.03.2012. UGC has provided the data of faculty strength (on 01/01/2014) of total 39 central Universities in different 29 States with total of 15, 573 sanctioned teaching staff in India. In this paper, an attempt has been made to focus on the main objectives of sanctioned posts; filled-up posts; short-fall positions and the employment status of SC/ST employees of Professor, Associate Professor and Assistant Professor levels in the selected central universities i.e. Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Delhi University (DU), Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU) and University of Hyderabad (UoH) in India.

[1]. Apana, B. (1990), ―Reservation and Merit‖ Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 25, No. 38, pp. 2110.
[2]. Balakrishnan, Pulapre, (2006), ―Higher Education Needs a Longer View‖, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 41, No. 32, pp. 3458-3459.
[3]. Chandhoke, Neera (2006), ―Three Myths about Reservations‖, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 41, No. 23, pp. 2289-2290.
[4]. Chitnis, Suma (1999), ―The Transformation of an Imperial Colony into an Advanced Nation: India in Comparative Perspective‖ in (ed.) , Philip G. and Patti McGill Peterson, "Higher Education in the 21st Century: Global Challenge and National Response", Altbach,
[5]. IIE Research Report, Number Twenty-nine.
[6]. Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India, Annual Report: 2012-2013, New Delhi.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Research on the Core Value System of Socialism and Political Cultural Construction
Country	:	China
Authors	:	Lv Jian

Abstract: Core value system of socialism are the soul of the socialist system, it leads the mainstream value orientation and the selection of the value and determines the development of the political culture of socialism. The issue attempts to discuss the leading function of core socialist values to the development of the political culture of socialism from the four aspects---the common political conviction, the civic morality, the inheritance and reference and the institutional guarantee.
Key words: core value system of socialism; political culture; leading

[1]. Karl Marx, Frederick Engels (1995). MARX ENGELS SELECTED WORKS (Central Compilation ＆Translation Bureau, Trans.). Beijing:People's Press (Original work published 1924),98,99.
[2]. Thompson,J.B.(1990).Ideology and Modern Culture. Cambridge Polity Press, 89.
[3]. Hu Jintao.(2011, July 2).To celebrate the 90 anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party in Chinese speech. People's Daily.
[4]. Deng Xiaoping.(1993). Selected Works Of Deng Xiaoping(Vols. 3). Beijing: People's Press,63.
[5]. Adam Smith.(2006) .The theory of moral sentiments(sixth edition). Cambridge :Cambridge University Press,276.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Study on Migration of Agriculture Labourers from Hyderabad Karnataka Area to Maharashtra
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. K. N. Doddamani

Abstract: For many poor people around the world migration is a way of life, and has been for centuries. But globalization has radically altered the scale of migration: people are now more aware of opportunities elsewhere and it has become easier for them to travel. The seasonal migration of agricultural labourers is not a new phenomenon in Karnataka and India. Britishers have mobilized labour force for commercial crop production, mining and other administrative purposes during their rule. After Independence, Government of India (GOI) adopted the socialist-capitalist (mixed economy) model of development through five year planning. As a result of the defective policies of agricultural development the regional disparity is increasing, which is leading to the increase in the seasonal migration of agricultural labourers. Inclusive growth policy is an attempt to bring the backward sectors, classes, castes, tribes, women, and marginal people into main stream economy. In Karnataka state regional disparity has become a political issue. Southern Karnataka region, which is politically dominant, is developed in terms of irrigational facilities and loan availability and other basic infrastructure whereas Northern Karnataka Specially Hyderabad Karnataka regions are comparatively less developed. As a result, every year thousands of marginal farmers and landless agricultural labourers migrate seasonally to Maharashtra for survival and inclusion.
Index Terms: agriculture labour. Hyderabad Karnataka Area, regional and state migration Maharashtra.

[1]. Global Economic Prospects (2006) the World Bank.
[2]. J,Edward Taylor, Joaquin Arango,(1996), International Migration and Community Development, Population Index, Vol. 62, No. 3, pp. 397-418.
[3]. Jajati Keshari Parida,S Madheswaran,(2011) "Determinants Of Migration And Remittance In India, Empirical Evidence" The Institute for Social and Economic Change, Bangalore, Working paper272.
[4]. Kalpana Bardhan(1973)Factors Affecting Wage Rates for Agricultural Labour" Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 8, No. 26, pp. A56-A64
[5]. M. S. A. Rao (1966) "Urbanisation in a Delhi Village: Some Social Aspects" Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 1, No. 9 , pp. 365-370.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effects of Selected Human Resource (HR) Practices on Nigerian Polytechnics Lecturers' Performances
Country	:	Imdia
Authors	:	Suleiman Abubakar Babagana

Abstract: Higher Education (HE) institutions in developing countries have become an area of attention to scholars in the field of Human Resource Management (HRM), particularly, African countries. Polytechnics are one of the higher education institutions (HEIs) in Nigeria, yet, they are not incorporated by scholars in their studies on HEIs, particularly, in Nigeria. This paper presents a study on how polytechnics lecturers perceive how certain Human Resource (HR) practices as recognized by Boselie et al (2005) found to be well observed within a Nigerian Polytechnic impact on their performances and then linking them to lecturer competencies recognized by Robbins et al (2007) and Molefe (2010). Therefore, the research inquires among others essentially; connection between HR practices and perceived performances of lecturers in Nigerian polytechnics. The study employed qualitative research methods in its investigation, engaging semi structured interviews, and then, thematic analysis to analyze data collected. The study revealed that, all the HR practices investigated are well observed in the institution and have impact on the performances of lecturers. Finally, it was established while lecturers wholly embraced the HR practices, they are critical of the reward systems and employees' appraisal practices and therefore need to be enhanced to further improve performances. The main conclusions drawn from this study are; apart from enhancing the some HR practices identified, students should be involved to a certain extent, in appraising lecturers' proficiencies, and also, create an atmosphere for better student-lecturer relations for the attainment of overall organizational objectives.
Keywords: HE Institutions, Human Resource Management, HR Practice, Lecturer, Performance

[1]. K.N.Gaertner and S.D Nollen, Career experiences, perceptions of employment practices, and psychological commitment to the organization, Human Relations 42: 1989, 975–991.
[2]. S. Smeenk, C. Teelken, R. Eisinga, and H. Doorewaard, An international comparison of the effects of HRM practices and organizational commitment on quality of job performances among European university employees, Higher Education Policy, 21: 2008, 323–344.
[3]. S. G. A. Smeenk, R. A. Eisinga, J. C. Teelken, and J. A. C. M. Doorewaard, The effects of HRM practices and antecedents on organizational commitment among university employees, International Journal of Human Resource Management 17: 2006b, 2035–2054.
[4]. M. Shattock, Governance and management in universities: the way we live now, Journal of Education Policy, 14: 1999, 271–282.
[5]. R. Deem, New managerialism and higher education: the management of performances and cultures in universities in the United Kingdom. International Studies in Sociology of Education 8: 1998, 47–70.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Web 2.0 Technologies and its Application: A Study of Management Science students DAVV, Indore, M. P.,
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Preeti Shrivastav, Dr. Kishor John,

Abstract: this article cover the concept of web 2.0, its uniqueness, tools Such as blogs, wikis, RSS feeds, social networks, Streaming Media and Instant Massaging etc. These tools and technologies are very useful for library and information services. This paper specially made to look into the applications of Web 2.0 in Libraries and Information Services and to suggest best applications which can be included as a support to provide these services. The analysis in this research is based upon previous researches and our own experimentation on Web 2.0 tools. The goal is to determine the Web 2.0 application, possible Uses and how libraries provide better services to its users. At the same time growth rate of use of Web 2.0 tools is increasing among student. So the present study will focus on the experience of university students. The study is conducted among the student of management studies in DAVV Indore.
Key word: Internet, Web 2.0.

[1]. Preeti Patel, Kishor John (2013):"Use of Social Networking sites: Users perspectives" SALIS Journal of Information And Management and technology.VOl.4 (1) Jan- June 2013, ISSN: 09754105. p.p. 51-55.
[2]. Musthafa K, Mohamed (2012). Social Networking Experience of University Student on Facebook. Eqbal, Monawwer & Khurana, Simmi (ed.) Knowledge Management Issue and Challenges. (pp.29-37). New Delhi: World Education.
[3]. Sahi, V. S. and Veena kumari (2012). "Role of Web 2.0 Technology and Social Networking in Library: A Study of the Dahnvantri Library, University of Jammu. Eqbal, Monawwer & Khurana, Simmi (ed.) Knowledge Management Issue and Challenges. (pp.122-129). New Delhi: World Education.142-147.
[4]. Aqil, Mohammad & Ahmad, Parvez (2011). Web 2.0 and Libraries: Facts or Myths. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 31(5), pp.395-400.
[5]. Soni, Goutam. Verma, Neeraj. & et. Al. (2010). Web 2.0 to Library 2.0 and Librarian 2.0: A Paradigm Shift. Fifty Fifth ILA National Conferences, on Library and Information Science in the Digital Era, January, 21-24 2010. ILA, (pp.21- 32). New Delhi.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Construction of knowledge among young children before their entry to school
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Shashi Shukla

Abstract: Even after a long tradition of scientific study of children and their development, not much is known about the private lives of children when they are by themselves and involved in play – the activities, social partners, and interactions that form part of everyday experiences. Most research in psychology has been conducted on children in laboratory or laboratory-like situations or relied on parents' reports rather than examining children's typically occurring everyday activities (Tudge, Hogan, &Etz, 1999). The activities and interactions that comprise proximal processes may be the engines of development, but to understand interactions it is necessary to know something about the particular individuals involved in the interactions. Clearly, although studies of socialization often focus on what parents do with or for their children, it is also necessary to account for the fact that children are the agents of their own experiences. They influence their own environments: for example by initiating new activities, drawing others towards them, while at the same time being influenced by those around. Knowledge is to know or to be familiar about things that include facts, information, description or skills acquired through experiences and education. Knowledge acquisition is a complex cognitive process. Cognitive processes deal with learning and experiences. New knowledge is constructed by the developing human being when information comes into contact with existing knowledge developed by experiences. Construction of knowledge has been a vital concern among psychologists' specifically developmental psychologists. Among the eminent theorists of knowledge construction, the names of Jean Piaget, John Dewey, Lev Vygotsky, Maria Montessori and Barbara Rogoff are prominent.

[1]. Almon, J. (2003). The vital role of play in early childhood education.In, S. Olfman. (Ed.). All work and no play: How educational reforms are harming our preschoolers. (pp. 17-41). Westport, CT: Praeger.
[2]. Anandalakshmy, S. (2010).Through the lens of culture. Chennai: BalaMandir Research Foundation.
[3]. Bruner, J. S. (1976). Introduction.In J.S. Bruner, A. Jolly, and K. Sylva, (Eds.).Play--Its Role in Development and Evolution. (pp. 13-24). New York: Penguin.
[4]. Bhargava, P. (2010). Children's understanding of self and others. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Department of Home Science, University of Delhi.
[5]. Chaudhary, N. (2008). Methods for a cultural science. In, S. Anandlakshmy, N. Chaudhary & N. Sharma (Eds.) Researching families and children: Culturally appropriate research methods. (pp. 29-52). New Delhi: Sage