IOSR-JHSS   Volume-10 ~ Issue-4 ~ May-Jun-2013

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to discover the major reasons to Pakistan's intention to join ASEAN. There are severalreasons to join ASEAN. Improving trade volume is the fundamental account of Pakistan. The study discovers the fact that Pakistan should seek its neighbouring countries to enhance its volume of trade. ASEAN could be a major market for Pakistan. It has proved in this study that Pakistan Southeast policy has been successful and beneficial for last several years but still Pakistan has to do much more to improve its exports to the satisfactory levels. The exports of Pakistan have not been impressive. The study shows Pakistan has great opportunity to enhance its cooperation with ASEAN countries by making strong efforts on government levels as well as private levels. The study also reveals that trade is not only reason for joining ASEAN but also to meet the security challenges. After 9/11 Pakistan emerged as front line partner in war against terrorism which created many implications for Pakistan. By improving its relationships with ASEAN countries Pakistan can better combat this problem. Another fact is why Pakistan has not succeeded to become member of ASEAN Regional Forum? The study discovers that main reason is India which creates hurdle for Pakistan to become a member of ARF. Indian is major market for ASEAN nations and member of ARF and strong good will among these nations. But Pakistan would have to accelerate its efforts to improve its image. The study also shows that contains for ASEAN and Pakistan cooperation's. This study alsoproves that Pakistan has still to do more effort towards strengthening its ties with these nations.

[1]. A. Singh, "It's time for Pakistan to play a larger regional role", The Business Times, Yale Global Online, 23 June 2005
[2]. Abdul Kalam "PAKISTAN'S EASTWARD POLICY AND ASEAN CORRELATION:A SECURITY DIMENSION' Area Study Centre, Far East and Southeast Asia University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh Pakistan
[3]. Akhtar, Shameem "PAKISTAN AND THE GREAT POWERS," in Masuma Hasan (ed.), Pakistan in a Changing World. Karachi: Pakistan Institute of International Affairs.
[4]. Ahmad, Shameel (2003: 93), "THE NEW ASIAN REALISM: Economics and Politics of the Asia Cooperation Dialogue," Strategic Studies,
[5]. Aparna Shivpuri1 "PAKISTAN'S "VISION EAST ASIA" POLICY: ECONOMIC AND SECURITY COOPERATION WITH SINGAPORE" Institute of South Asian Studies
[6]. Aqila Khawaja "PAKISTAN ASEAN AS EMERGING PARTNERS: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITES" Area Study Centre, Far East and Southeast Asia University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh Pakistan
[7]. Edy Prasetyono "ASEAN SECURITY CHALLENGES" Area Study Centre, Far East and Southeast Asia University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh Pakistan
[8]. Fazalur Rehman "PAKISTAN AND ASEAN RELATION: PROSPECTS FOR ANTI TERRORISM COOPERATION" Area Study Centre, Far East and Southeast Asia University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh Pakistan
[9]. Gupta, Bhabani Sen. "SAARC – ASEAN PROSPECTS & PROBLEM of INTER-REGIONAL COOPERATION" South Asian Publishers
[10]. Ghulam M. Khoso "PAKISTAN INDONESIA RELATION" Area Study Centre, Far East and Southeast Asia

Abstract: This study was undertaken to empirically examine the extent to which socio-cultural factors militate against the work performance and advancement of female executives in Nigerian Public Health Institutions. To this effect, a survey was carried out and the sampled population for the study consisted of male and female executives of health and health related Institutions in Benin City, Nigeria. Likert-type questionnaires were administered to 270 respondents, who were systematically and randomly selected and of which 185 were retrieved. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive inferential statistics. Research findings show that the work performance of female executives in the institutions surveyed are significantly affected negatively by a number of socio-cultural factors such as biological nature of women, women's role in children's upbringing, extension of cultural practices to workplace, and so forth. Further findings regarding the perception of the work performance of female executives across gender was however found to be insignificant. Given the foregoing findings, the researcher recommends the need for concerted efforts by all stakeholders dealing with gender issues to adopt deliberate and systematic gender mainstreaming involving multi-sectoral approach, while the government should demonstrate political will and financial commitment which will ensure the minimization of negative cultural factors militating against the work performance, advancement and upward mobility of female executives in the public health Institutions.

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Abstract: The present paper focuses on Shobhaa De's: Mind and Art. De is a writer in Indian English Literature which has a rich and a long tradition of women novelist who portrayed the India of our time. Feminist like Kamala Markandaya, Namita Gokhale, Manju Kapur, Anita Desai, Arundhati Roy and Shashi Deshpande, has given their genuine aspirations focusing on the parochial society. Shobhaa De writes about the glamorous society of Mumbai at the grass root level. Her mind is more provocative and it understands the sentiments of the reader of the bourgeois world. Her art exposes the neurotic and amoral people of urban society. Her mind is very sharp and her art is unique and unrepeatable.

Keywords: Indian English Literature, Novelist, Mind, Art, Urban society, Theme, Diction, Style, Plot and climax.

[1]. Prasad, Amarnath and Singh, Nagendra Kumar. Indian Fiction in English Roots and Blossoms. Vol. II (1st Ed), New Delhi: Sarup & Sons, 2007, p.V.
[2]. Paul, W. Roberts, 'The Toronto Review' quoted by UBSPD Publishers and Distributors Ltd., 5, Ansari Road, New Delhi, p.3.
[3]. Encyclopedia Britannica. The Britannica Guide to the Brain. London, England Constable & Robinson, Ltd., 2008.
[4]. De, Shobhaa, Selective Memory, Stories from my life, New Delhi: Penguin Books Ltd., 1998, p.284.
[5]. Bhavnagar, M.K., 'Post Modernism- An Introduction', M.K. Bhatnagar, M. Rajeshwar (ed). Post modernism And English Literature, Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors, 1992, p.2.
[6]. Paul, W. Roberts, 'The Toronto Review' quoted by UBSPD Publishers and Disitributors Ltd., 5, Ansari Road, New Delhi, p.3.
[7]. De, Shobhaa. Snapshots. New Delhi: Penguin Books Ltd., 1995, p.226.
[8]. De, Shobhaa. Socialite Evenings. New Delhi: Penguin Books Ltd., 1989, p.11.
[9]. De, Shobhaa. Sisters. New Delhi: Penguin Books Ltd.,1992, p.49
[10]. Shanta, Krishnaswamy, The women in Indian Fiction in English. New Delhi: Ashish Publishing House, 1984, p. IV.

Abstract: The present study was conducted at a Thai graduate school where for over 40 years of offering a reading course, approximately 20%-80%, making 50% of students on average, could pass it. Thus, the co-authors analyzed the textbook while asking their students to complete a questionnaire. The participants were 54 graduate students. The tool employed in this study was an open-ended questionnaire. The three options about how each student felt about the textbook—appropriate, too easy, or too difficult—set out the study. Despite the quantitative results divulging the difference in considering the textbook as 'appropriate,' 'too easy,' or 'too difficult,' most of the respondents mentioned the inadequacy of some fundamental grammar lessons and vocabulary practices. Some participants required Thai translation for some parts which were difficult to comprehend. Some articles in the textbook were outdated, had no pictures, and caused confusion. The contents were also too long for the class to cover within the 45-hour time frame, resulting in the instructors' scurry to finish the textbook. To be specific, their evaluation of the textbook mainly relied on the test as the benchmark. A rich source of data is proved to be the open-ended questions where all participants can articulate themselves freely.

Keywords: academic reading skills, graduate students, SLA, Thailand

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Abstract: Women of BPL households from urban settlements in Delhi slums and from rural villages of Indore district, M.P were structurally interviewed and their opinion and feelings were recorded in light of their experience of using cash transfer money for a whole year. The main findings of the interactions were any small amount of cash in women's hand creates sense of empowerment and security within and outside their families. The intervention encounters various dynamics of occurrence which indicates a positive outcome of the experiments. Cash has huge potential to bring in desired changes particularly for women issues that have been aspired for century long. The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect official views of the mentioned organizations in the paper. Keywords - Cash Transfer, women empowerment, gender equalities, decision making, food security.

[1]. Arnold. Catherine, Conway. Tim, Greenslade. Matthew, DFID Cash Transfers-Evidence Paper policy Division (2011)

[2]. Holmes, R and Jones, N., 2010, Rethinking social protection from a gender lens. ODI Working Paper No. 320.
[3]. Ellis et al., 2008. We are all poor here: economic difference, social divisiveness, and targeting cash transfers in sub-Saharan Africa. Social Protection for the Poorest in Africa: Learning from Experience, Entebbe, Uganda.

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[6]. Veras et al., 2007, cited in DAC Povnet 2009.

[7]. Schubert, B. and Huijbregts, M., 2006. The Malawi Social Cash Transfer Pilot Scheme: preliminary lessons learnt. Paper presented at the conference Social protection initiatives for children, women and families: an analysis of recent experiences. UNICEF, New York, October 30-31 2006.

[8]. "An experimental pilot study on cash transfer in Delhi"- Final report, SEWA Bharat, 2012.

[9]. G. Standing, Cash Transfers: A Review of the Issues in India, UNICEF India Social Policy Working Paper Series No. 1 (Delhi, SEWA Bharat and UNICEF, Jan. 2012)

Abstract: Arundhati Roy has described nature in her novel The God of Small Things. She has dealt with nature in present and in the past that is twenty three years earlier in the novel. In my paper I will deal with exploitation of nature much beyond its limits of regeneration. It is so much damaged that nature loses its soothing power. The condition of the river Meenachal, which the life line of Ayemenen, is full of toxic material and the History House which was a symbol of heritage, is converted into a five star hotel. The surroundings have changed but the river Meenachal flows by the side of hotel is thick and toxic. Roy has described how due to modernization animals are getting harmed as she describes in the case of a temple elephant who dies due to electric current . The endangered insects like moth discovered by Pappachi which needs conservation. The lives of people getting mechanized as in the case of Baby Kochamma who enjoyed gardening once but now she has abandoned it due to her interest in watching television. Her garden is in a wretched condition, the exotic breeds of the area are suppressed by another weed patcha. Roy has tried to show how development is taking place at the cost of loss of natural habitat. I will be dealing with these in brief in my paper.

Keywords- Animals, History House, Meenachal, Nature

[1]. Cheryll, Glotfelty and Fromm,Harold. The Eco criticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology.Athens and London: University of Georgia Press, 1996. Print.
[2]. Nayar, Pramod K. Contemporary Literary and Cultural Theory: From Structuralism to Eco Criticism. New Delhi: Pearson, 2010. Print.
[3]. Roy,Arundhati. The God of Small Things. New Delhi: Penguin Books.1997.Print.

Abstract: Education is one of the Potential elements in the human kind. It is probably the fourth need after three basic needs viz. food, clothing and shelter. It is an essential human virtue. "Education", more education, education made perfect is the only panacea for our country's ills and evils. Through centuries, education has been a very potent tool for human kind in facing challenges and furthering progress. Education is reorganized as one of the critical elements of the national development efforts and higher education, in particular, is of vital important for the nation, as it is a powerful tool to build knowledge based society of the 21st century.

[1]. Akhtar, S.W., Quality in Higher Education at Par with International Standards, University News, 49(52), December 26, 2011-01 January, 2012.
[2]. Bhattacharya, Joyati, Higher Education in India: Issues, Concerns and Remedies, University News 50 (17), April 23-29, 2012.
[3]. Chaturvedi, Lakshman (2012), Consolidation of Higher Education Institutions for quality, University News, Vol. 50, No. 43, Oct. 22-28, 2012.
[4]. Chauhan, C.P.S., (2002), Higher Education in India, Challenges of Global Trends, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. University News, 40(17), April 14-20.
[5]. Goswami, Anuradha (2008), Factorization of Personality Dispositions of Women Distant Learners of J&K State.
[6]. Jayanti S. Ravi & H.J. Jani (2012), Roadmaps for Consolidation of Higher Education Institutes for Quality, University News, Vol. 50 No. 43, October 22-28, 2012.
[7]. Padhi, Sambit Kumar (2011), Issues and Challenges and Reforms in Higher Education for Knowledge Society, University News, 49(26), June 27-July 03, 2011.
[8]. Rathnam, B. Venkat (2012), Strengthening a Self-Check Mechanism for Consolidation of Higher Education Institutions for quality, University News, Vol. 50 No. 43, October 22-28, 2012.
[9]. Singh, Meenu (2012), Higher Education: Challenges in New Era, University News, 50(39), September 24-30, 2012.
[10]. Srivasthav, Manjulika (2012), Open Universities in India: An Overview for Consolidation, University News, Vol. 50 No. 43, October 22-28, 2012.

Abstract: Introduction: Electronic waste, e-waste, e-scrap, or waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) describes discarded electrical devices. There is a lack of consensus as to whether the term should apply to resale, reuse, and refurbishing industries, or only to product that cannot be used for its intended purpose. Informal processing of electronic waste in developing countries may cause serious health and pollution problems, though these countries are also most likely to reuse and repair electronics. Some electronic scrap components, Such as CRTs (Cathode Ray Tubes), may contain contaminants such as lead, cadmium, beryllium, or brominated flame retardants. Even in developed countries recycling and disposal of e-waste may involve significant risk to workers and communities and great care must be taken to avoid unsafe exposure in recycling operations and leaching of material such as heavy metals from landfills and incinerator ashes. Scrap industry and USA EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) officials agree that materials should be managed with caution, but many believe that environmental dangers of used electronics have been exaggerated.

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[8]. Kalam, A.P.J., 2006. Interactive session with top intellectuals of Singapore –dynamicsofeconomicgrowthinIndia.(Website http://meaindia.nic.in/speech/2006/02/02SS05.pdf viewed on 2007/07/17).
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Abstract: The domain of sport competition is developing every day so the athletes nearly have the same physical abilities and have different mental skills. Therefore, it is not possible to ignore the role of mental skills to achieve maximum performance, Heever (2007). Most sport psychologists believed that in recent years the coaches and athletes have concluded that they need psychological skills more than physical skills in order to achieve their goals, Behboudi (2007). The purpose of the present study was to compare some psychological skills of the martial arts high level athletes (judokas, boxers, wrestlers and karate as) in Tunisia. 152 volunteer athletes of martial sports (95 Judokas, 15 Wrestlers, 12 Boxers and 30 karate as) including 89 men and 63 women answered the Ottawa Mental Skills Assessment Tools (version 4). This questionnaire assessed three categories of mental skills: fundamental skills, psycho-somatic skills and cognitive skills. The results revealed mean differences for all the mental skills between the different activities in the benefit of judokas but this differences was not significant. Despite this difference in averages, the analysis of the 12 mental skills by gender is significant only for the control of fear (significant atp <0.05.

Key Words: Omsat- 4, Mental skills, Martial arts.

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Abstract: This paper explored the different views and dimensions that emerged during the conflict for leadership in the Anglican Church in Zimbabwe between the year 2000 and 2013. It is not disputed that the media act as a watchdog of the society, but in the Anglican conflict it is a mystery as to whose dog the media was as evidenced by a close analysis of the comments they wrote. While it is evident and undoubtedly clear that the religious conflicts for leadership dates back to the biblical days, it is still worthwhile to expound on whether the old motivations for leadership are the same as those obtaining in the Anglican conflict. An analysis is thus essential so as to draw parallels between the ancient church leadership squabbles and the contemporary Anglican crisis. Relying mainly on newspaper documentary evidence, this paper explored the media's neutrality and role in the Anglican management conflict. The results showed that the media are active agenda setters who frame issues in a certain manner while ignoring or censoring other dimensions. From the perspectives of the public it was noted that the congregation got aligned to different media organizations, which shared their views in the unfolding disagreements. The old theories of succession and the spirit of schism slid back into place in a very glaring way; with power, priestly preeminence and prophetic authority taking the centre stage in the conflict in an interesting way.

Key words: Anglican Management Conflict, Agenda Setting Theory, Factionalism, Prophetic Authority, Church of the Province of Central Africa (CPCA), Church of the Province of Zimbabwe (CPZ).

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