IOSR-JHSS   Volume-11 ~ Issue-1 ~ May-Jun-2013

Abstract: Folk material delivery, particularly storytelling and other folk arts like folk dance and drama, in the past suffered proper perception and in-depth analysis because they were difficult to comprehend or deliver textually or even reduce to printed text and still maintain their efficacy. For this reason, they suffered from lack of proper analysis. However, today's technological world now subjects them to rigorous scrutiny due to the sophistication of electronic media like video tapes and cameras which are employed in the recording of performances. This development has largely helped to highlight the intricacies of contextually centered performances which properly aggregate to the artist his central role in the perception of oral narratives. With the development of these electronic machines, contextual performance studies are now gaining grounds while contextual theories are enunciated and emphasized in the study of folklore all within the collaborative fields of Sociology, Anthropology and Literature. However, the usefulness of these technological developments notwithstanding, their impact on the effective delivery of folk narratives within the actual context of production i.e. within performance, still leaves much to be desired. This is obvious from the fact that the exposure of the artist or performer to the glare of klieg lights or even the presence of the camera in a performance session changes the entire atmosphere of the performance. Of course, it can be argued that all of these reactions constitute the totality of the performers' perception of his milieu or the changing circumstances in society which impacts on the delivery of folk material. The vital questions that still remain are, does the artist respond to technological development or to traditional societal demands of shaping the consciousness of the growing youthful population and Is this technology impacting positively or negatively? These are pertinent questions because despite the fast developing cosmopolitan status of African countries, the bulk of the population still reside in traditional societies that lay emphasis on traditional values, norms and practices in the education of their youths. The artists' role should therefore be to propagate and portray these cherished values rather than allow for the bastardization of culture through profuse responses to technological demands that impact negatively on the perception of youths. Watch, for instance, the impact of television viewing on children in the metropolis and their responses to elders or parental attempts to control their perception of life. Using the Bakor society as an example therefore, this paper stresses the need for an emphasis on contextual delivery of folk materials that root for tradition rather than those that emphasize blind modernization which kills respect for traditional values.

Keywords: Traditional values, Performance Context, Folklore, Technology..

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Abstract: Afghanistan and Central Asia occupies vital geo-strategic location on world map. Both are endowed with massive energy reserves. Historically, both have cordial relations and are cooperating with each others. There are many projects on which both are cooperating with each others' i.e. 670 meter bridge over Panj River, 1300 megawatt electricity project, a railway line and gas pipeline project etc. Both are highly concerned regarding the security of the region which would be needed after the withdrawal of NATO in 2014. In this regard role of three great powers China, Russia and United States would be crucial. All these three powers interests are similar and are related to energy security. These three powers are opposing each others on different grounds in the region. Basically, United States is a foreign actor while China and Russia are regional actors, who are more concerned about security of the region because any disturbance in this region also affects the internal environment. United States' interests in the region are more concerned about maintaining its influence over Central Asian states and Afghanistan. Russia is considering China as a threat in the region because rise of China is undermining Russian influence in the region. To counter US influence in the region China and Russia are using the forum of SCO along with other member states.

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Abstract: "If you can make people laugh, you can make them think, make them like and believe you." Humor represents perhaps one of the most genuine and universal speech acts within human discourse. As a natural consequence then, the employment of humor within the context of second language pedagogy offers significant advantage to both the language teacher and learner. Indeed, humor serves as an effective means of reducing affective barriers to language acquisition. This effectiveness is particularly relevant to the communicative classroom, as humor has been shown to lower the affective filter and stimulate the pro-social behaviors that are so necessary for success within a communicative context. In order to investigate these and other perceived benefits of humor within the language classroom, the researcher of the present study surveyed a diverse collection of language students and teachers and asked them to evaluate the use of humor in their classrooms. Results from this pilot-study strongly confirm a perceived effectiveness for humor as an aid to learning and instruction.

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Abstract: Declining morality was a point of grave concern for Wordsworth. He thought that Modern man has the potential for immense destruction but no corresponding moral standards to check that destruction. Wordsworth thought that life in an immoral society is extremely difficult. In such an environment Man's survival is constantly under threat and human values are ridiculed. Wordsworth believes that moral values are essential in creating peace and harmony in any society. Wordsworth sees nature as source of morality and a remedy for the sufferings of mankind.

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Abstract: This paper examines determinants of labour mobility in Nigerian Universities. The expansion of Nigerian University System has led to rapid increase in enrolment with corresponding need for more academic staff which are not readily available. Following the shortage and increased demand for academic staff in universities, the major challenge for universities has been attracting and retaining academics. The study uses survey research design, adopts descriptive and statistical techniques to analysis the reasons why larger percentage of academic staff moved between universities in South-West Nigeria. The result shows main factors to be new pension scheme, expansion in University System and others.

Key Words: Labour mobility, Nigerian Universities, pension,

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Abstract: The main objective of this research is to examine the effect of life satisfaction and religiosity on happiness among postgraduates in Malaysia. A total of 124 questionnaires were applied to selected postgraduates in three public universities. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the effect of life satisfaction and religiosity on happiness among respondents. As a result from the data collected, it was found that, all factors (life satisfaction and religiosity) were significantly give an effect to individual's happiness. Among predictors, the variable of Life Satisfaction gives the strongest effect to individual's happiness as compared to religiosity and frequent of prayer. This research can be beneficial to the field of happiness study especially in Malaysia context which comprise of multi racial citizens.

Keywords - Happiness, religiosity, life satisfaction, logistic regression.

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Abstract: This research investigated the influence of principal's supervisory demonstration strategy on teachers' job performance in Cross River State, Nigeria. Respondents involved six hundred and sixty (660) teachers and three thousand, three hundred senior secondary school students which were randomly selected from two hundred and thirty two (232) secondary schools in Cross River State. Data was collected with Principals' Instructional Supervisory Strategies Questionnaire (PISSQ) and Teachers' Job Performance Scale Questionnaire (TJPSQ). The result of analysis utilizing one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that principal's demonstration strategy did not significantly influence teachers' job performance. It is recommended that regular supervision should be organized by the Ministry of Education using more robust supervisory strategies which may include classroom visitation and inspection, inspection of teachers' lesson notes, conferencing strategy, inspection of teachers' record keeping, and administrative workshop strategy.

Keywords: Cross River State secondary schools, Demonstration strategy, Demonstration strategy and teachers job performance, Secondary school teachers, Secondary school teachers' job performance, and Secondary schools, Secondary schools in Nigeria, Supervisory demonstration strategy, Teachers' job performance, and Teachers' job performance in Nigeria

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Abstract: It has been said that the system mostly produces robots who possesses an amazing capacity for storing facts and churning them out at the press of the right button. Qualities like independent thinking, problem solving ability, initiative leadership skills and social competence fall by the wayside as getting high grades becomes their only goal.

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Abstract: An interventional study was carried out on children with learning disabilities with children (ii) To administer an intervention module on identified sample. (iii) To assess the impact of intervention. A total of thirty seven children already identified with learning disabilities from the pre-primary schools of Rudrapur were studied. Planned intervention strategies were implemented on the weekly basis on each subject for three months regularly, after that post testing was conducted with the help of Behavioral checklist to evaluate the impact of intervention. Teachers and parents of these children were also interviewed periodically to assess the changes after intervention in children. Results revealed that dyslexia and dyscalculia were improved significantly (P<0.05) after intervention. It was also observed that boys reflected significant (P<0.05) improvement in learning disabilities after intervention. Results also revealed that children from nuclear families were improved significantly (P<0.05) after intervention. Measures used by parents and teachers to help children were mainly convincing, scolding, consoling and referring specialists observed after intervention. Therefore from the results of the study it can be concluded that learning disabilities can be improved significantly with intensive early intervention.

Key words: Dyscalculia, dysgraphia, dyslexia, intervention, learning disability.

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Abstract: Land in the Zeliangrong community is controlled under the customary land tenure system in which the village owner (Nampou) governed it by granting equal access to all the families within groups with common lineages. Rapid changes in the domestic situation of the village through government policies of rural development, there is an increase complexities which led to the alteration of traditional land tenure systems in Tamenglong District. So also, economic challenges purely for commercial purposes and private interest gave rise to privatisation of the community land. Moreover, customary property rights system are not documented as a result there is inability on the part of the Nampou to provide tenure security which in fact create dilemmas among the villagers who live at the mercy of the Nampou. The customary tenure system seems to be collapsing slowly because of the emerging patterns of growing inequalities provoked by local politics, church, access, control and ownership by few. This article focus on the mushrooming evidence of problem between the domain of formal and customary tenure systems where opportunity resides with a potential contributors to effective cooperation between tenure regimes. There is the need for a new planning of land rights negotiated by a participatory process and coordinated by both state government and traditional institutions.

Keywords: Zeliangrong, Nampou, Land, Traditional, Tamenglong, Tribal

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[2]. U.N. Dhebar, Report of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes Commission (1960-61), Vol .I.P. 121.

[3]. Gangmei, Ragongning, Codification of Zeliangrong Customary Law, Establishment of Zeliangrong Village, Seminar Paper, 1994

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[5]. Daimei, Kaikhamang, Tribal Land Use System in Manipur (with reference to Liangmei‟s), Tribal Land Use System in Manipur, Seminar Paper, Manipur University, 1993

[6]. Pamei, Dichamang, Land Use System of Rongmei‟s and Puimei‟s, Tribal Land Use System in Manipur, Seminar Paper, Manipur University, Canchipur, 1994

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Abstract: Decentralisation has been at the centre stage of institutional reforms in both the developed and developing countries. The implementation of the reforms regarding decentralisation process is essentially changing the basic social relations and the place of the citizen in the governing of the community. The decentralisation aims to enable the citizens, either directly or indirectly, to be more involved in the decision making process. Democratic decentralisation as a form of governance thus expands the participation of historically excluded and subordinated groups in the business of decision-making processes. With the decentralisation of power, the institutions became more participatory and inclusive. The inclusion of disadvantaged sections through decentralised reforms ensured equality of political opportunities. It is in this background, this paper critically review the decentralised policy in India designed to include the historically excluded sections of society in the governing processes. The various modes of decentralization are highlighted and its linkages with social inclusion are discussed.

Key words: Decentralisation, Exclusion, Inclusion, Participation, Empowerment

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[6] J.C. Ribot, African Decentralization: Local Actors, Power and Accountability, Democracy, Governance and Human Rights Working Paper No.8, Geneva, UNRISD and IDRC 2002.

[7] World Bank, Entering the 21st Century, World Development Report 1999/2000 (Oxford, Oxford University Press 2000).

[8] Maitrayee Mukhopadhya and Shamin Meer, Creating Voice and Carving Space, Redefining Governance from Gender Perspective, Royal Tropical Institute, KIT Development Policy and Practice, The Netherland 2004.

[9] R.C. Crook and A.S. Sverrisson, Decentralization and Poverty-Alleviation in Developing Countries: A Comparative Analysis or, is West Bengal Unique? IDS Working Paper 130. Institute for Development Studies, Brighton 2001.

[10] B. Olowu, African Decentralisation Policies and Practices from 1980s and Beyond, Working Paper Series 334, The Hague: Institute of Social Studies 2001.

Abstract: Forest diversion is process of land use change from area under forest to non forest purposes. Once much of the surface of earth was under forest land use, but today it is a trend in every nation to divert the forest land into agriculture, industry, housing, roads, railways and many other civil as well as developmental works, consequently area under forest is reducing rapidly and it is becoming impossible to maintain 33 percent forest area as stated in National Forest Policy, 1952. It is stated in this forest policy that, if India need the balance development; it should bring 1/3 of its total geographical area and 2/3 of hilly area under forest. But till today India has not achieved this target; contrary forestlands are reducing, degrading and diverting for other developmental projects. These diversions of forest is keeping its intensive negative impact on ecological aspects including local climate, agriculture, soil, temperature, forest based employment, fertility, wildlife corridor movement, food chain, soil erosion and man-animal conflict etc. Chandrapur forest circle is a unique area regarding man animal conflict in India; it is considered as an important source region of tigers, it is also biggest forest circle of tigers in the world having more than 150 tigers. So far, the forest diversion keeps negative impact on ecology and environment in the district which should be analyze; this is an effort to establish the ecological loss due to forest diversion in Chandrapur district of Maharashtra.

Key words: Forest diversion, developmental projects, adverse impact, solutions

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Abstract: This article is part of work aiming Tunisian validation of measurement scales on the motivation of individuals in the context of sport, with executives from analysis of the socio-cognitive and emotional contemporary and theoretical background which represents the cultural adaptation of measuring instruments. This work focuses on validation in context, in Arabic, of the -Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ) - (Marsh et al., 1994), from French version that was performed by Guérin et al. (2004). In the absence of psychometric instruments constructed from a sample Tunisian transcultural validation is recommended to assess the role of culture in determining motivational behaviors related to athletic performance. In addition, such work can avoid the profusion of similar tools that capture the same concepts (cf. RJ Vallerand, 1989). This tool, the PSDQ contains a wide range of scales designed to assess self-perceptions through nine specific dimensions and two global components: satisfaction overall physical and global self-esteem. 430 subjects (216 boys and 214 girls) responded to 70 items of PSDQ and correlation matrices were subjected to principal analysis components with varimax orthogonal rotation. Following the adopted approach by Guerin et al (2004), we find for the Arabic version of the 11-dimensional structure, overall self-esteem, self-concept from general physical inventory of Marsh (1996) and other scales measured (health, coordination, physical activity, overweight, athletic competence, appearance, strength, flexibility and endurance), with a very good internal consistency. When each dimension was independently subjected to factor analysis, although we found the same 11 dimensions as in the original instrument Marsh (1996) as a psychometric point of view and conceptually one.

Keywords - self-concept, global physical satisfaction, global self-esteem, validation, Tunisian culture

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Abstract: This study investigates the language of Moroccan popular newspapers to discover whether men and women are represented differently. The general hypothesis that the study starts from is that there is a difference in the way the two genders are depicted in these newspapers. By adopting a Critical Linguistic approach, theaim is to explore the linguistic mechanism deployed in order to see where areas of uneven treatment reside. This will mainly be achieved through quantitatively analysing headlines as well as newspaper core texts, to discover whether their discourse displays a meaningful pattern at the level of the experiential function. This research distinguishes itself from most of the Critical Linguistic studies dealing with gender-related differences in language in that it goes beyond qualitatively evaluating newspaper texts, i.e. it does not solely rely on interpreting some particular linguistic structures in order to establish their significance in the discourse.It doesalso quantify the use of these linguistic features used in the news reports, to find out whether they create a socially meaningful pattern, hence providing statistical evidence of the way theyportray men and women in the newspapers under study.

Keywords: Critical Linguistics, newspaper discourse, the experiential function, gender representation.

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[9] G. Thompson, Introducing Functional Grammar (Arnold: London, New York, Sydney, Auckland, 1996).

[10] A. Bell, The Language of News Media (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1991).

Abstract: Civil Society refers to the arena of unforced collective action based on shared interest, purposes and values. It consists of the groups and organizations both formal and informal, which act independently of the state and the market to promote diverse interests in society. As the machinery of welfare state is lagging far behind in responding to growing needs of individuals, the role of civil society has become imminent. It provides 'networks of civic engagement' within which reciprocity is learned and enforced, trust is generated and patterns of collective action are facilitated. It depends on people's active participation and is threatened when people and societies become excluded. Thus, Social Capital, the informal relations and trust which brings people together to take action, is crucial for the success of Civil Society. Social Capital is the foundation for grassroots democracy because it brings cohesiveness among members of the society. People interact and share common values among them resulting in their upgrading socio-political consciousness. This paper seeks to understand Civil Society and Social Capital with different perspectives established around the same. The paper will also attempt to explore the dynamic relationship between Civil Society and Social Capital through field realities.

Key Words: Civil Society, Social Capital, Co-ordinated action, Grassroots democracy, Collective action

[1]. Bhattacharya, Dwaipayan, 2004: Interrogating Social Capital; The Indian experience: New Delhi, Sage publications.
[2]. Carolyn M. Elliott, 2003: Civil Society and Democracy, New Delhi, OUP.
[3]. G. Ajay,Vijay G; Civil Society, State and Social Movements, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. xxxv No. 12, (March 18, 2000), Pg. 1035-36
[4]. Harris, John, 2001: Depoliticizing Development, New Delhi, Leftword.
[5]. Mahajan, Gurpreet; Civil Society and Its Avatars: What Happened to freedom and democracy, conomic and political weekly, Vol. XXXIV No. 20, (15th May, 1999), Pg.1188-96.
[6]. N. Jayram, 2005: On Civil Society, New Delhi, Sage Publications.
[7]. Tandon, Rajesh and Ranjita Mohanty, 2003: Does civil society matter, New Delhi, Sage publications.

Abstract: Diplomacy as a tool of International Relations predates the modem state; though those machineries for its conduct have been continuously transformed. And today, due to diplomatic efforts and other enabling factors within the international system, the world has shrunk into a global village. As students of history and politics, we are interested in those forces that succeeded in bringing the peoples of the world together 500 and more years ago despite those horrendous cultural and geographical barriers. Not surprisingly, national interests have always defined such endeavours and these (trade, religion, politics etc) brought the ancient Kingdom of Benin into the orbit of Portugal – the then major World Power. Indeed, the economic and political interactions between these two powers induced lasting changes in the historical and political experiences of both Kingdoms. Even though it was a win-win outcome as each Kingdom forged new foreign policy goals to guide and protect her interests, indeed it was Portugal and as a corollary the whole of Europe that recorded significant gains through those economic dalliances with Benin. That phenomenal discovery that the African continent had a bottom, round which Europe could access Asia revolutionized both the political history and the economy of Europe. The bottom of Africa named the Cape of Good Hope, enabled Europe to outflank the Moslem World in her desire to establish trade relations with the peoples of Asia.

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[2]. Acemoglu .D. and Robinson .J. (2012); Why Nations Fail, New York Crown Publishing Group.
[3]. Aisien .E. (2001); The Benin City Pilgrimage Stations, Benin City, Nigerian; University of Benin Printing Press.
[4]. Aisien .E. (2012); Ewuare: The Oba of Benin; Benin City; Nigeria, Mindex Publishing Co. Limited.
[5]. Blake .J. (1939), European Beginnings in West Africa, London Vol. 2, Haluyt Society.
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[7]. Bradbury R. E. (1957); London: The Benin Kingdom and the Edo Speaking Peoples of South-Western Nigeria, Wightman Mountain Ltd.
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[10]. Egharevba .J. (1968): A short History of Benin, Ibadan; Ibadan University Press.

Abstract: Girish Karnad (b.1938 —) explores human psyche and its social environment in his mythical plays—Yayati (1961), Hayavadana (1964) Naga-Mandala (1988), and The Fire and the Rain (1998) in a new way. His approach to these myths, borrowed mainly from the great Indian epic The Mahabharata and the Kathasaritasagara is "modern"1 because he is mainly occupied investigating the masculine and the feminine concern as to their identity and behaviour. These plays question the patriarchal ideology of Indian society. The cultural construct generated by the patriarchal system is predominantly reflected in all the plays taken under consideration. Key words: Patriarchal, hegemony, subjugate, antiquity, cultural construct, gender

[1]. Srinvasa Iyengar, K.R. Indian Writings in English. (New Delhi: Sterling, 1982) 735.
[2]. Luce Irigaray, "Commodities amongst Themselves" (1977) Literary Theory: An Anthology ed. Julie Rivkin and Michael Ryan, 1st pub. 1998 (Oxford: Blackwell, 2002) 574.
[3]. Mary Wollstonecraft, "Introduction", A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. By Paul Gaber, 3 March 2008<www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft>.
[4]. Savita Goel, "Folk Theatre Strategies in Hayavadana", The Plays of Girish Karnad: Critical Perspectives ed., by Jaydipsingh Dodiya (New Delhi: Prestige Book, 1999)204-112, 207.
[5]. Girish Karnad, Hayavadana (Chennai: Oxford UP, 2000) 19.
[6]. Karnad, Hayavadana 19.
[7]. Karnad, Hayavadana 26.
[8]. Karnad, Hayavadana 29-30
[9]. Karnad, Hayavadana 30.
[10]. Karnad, Hayavadana 31.

Abstract: Food insecurity is one of the burning issues in the world in general and in the developing, and under developed countries in particular. Food insecurity explained a situation when people fail to manage minimum amount of food for active and healthy living. The status of food insecurity measures on the basis of various dimensions and it may be measures at household level, individual level and community level. The present paper attempts to measures the status of food insecurity among Muslim households because Muslim is one of the important and most vulnerable communities in India. The entire study is based upon the primary data. More than 63 per cent Muslim households are food insecure in the study area. The paper tries to find out the relation between food insecurity and its determiners.

Keywords: Food insecurity, Muslim, education, occupation, family size, income, landholding

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