IOSR-JHSS   Volume-11 ~ Issue-4 ~ May-Jun-2013

Abstract: The British Colonial policy of immigration and the introduction of Line System had a great significance in the political arena of colonial Assam. From a socio economic problem it became a major political issue in the Brahmaputra valley. It was rightly observed that nothing had split the province more deeply and widely than the immigration problem and policy of land settlement in colonial Assam. The British officials tried to tackle the immigration problem by administrative measures like Line System followed by Colonization Scheme but with little success. The change of ministries in colonial Assam after 1937 was linked up with immigration problem, which defied any solution due to divergent approaches of the political leaders. In this article, I tried to find outthe role of legislative members of colonial Assam in connection to immigration issue and itsconsequences in the political history of Assam. Keywords: British Colonial policy, Line System, immigration, Colonization Scheme, Legislative Council and Legislative Assembly of Assam

[1]. H Bareh, Encyclopedia Of North East India Vol.Iiassam (Mittal Publications Delhi, 2001).
[2]. A C Bhuyan, Political History Of Assam Vol-II(Publication Board Assam, Guwahati, 2008).
[3]. A Guha, Planters Raj To Swaraj: Freedom Struggle & Electoral Politics In Assam, 1826-1947, (New Delhi, ICHR, 1947)
[4]. M Kar, Muslims In Assam Politics, (Omsons Publications, Delhi, 1990).
[5]. S Nag, Roots Of Ethnic Conflict: Nationality Question In North East India, (Monahar Publications, New Delhi, 1990) [6]. Bimal,Jdev&Dilip Kumarlahiri,Assam Muslims: Politics & Cohesion (Mittal Publications,1985)
[7]. Nripen Dhar, Impact Of Immigration In Assam, 1871-1951 (Worldview Publication, 2005)
[8]. Report Of The Line System Committee (1938)

Abstract: This essay is designed to evaluate the various forms and aesthetics of the performing Arts featured in the annual Carnival, Calabar and the human right implications of the carnival for movement of people and businesses during the �¢??dry run�¢?? rehearsals and actual carnival performance. Consequently, the essay attempts to address four core issues which are: 1. Impact of the Calabar Carnival, 2. The performing Arts, 3. Restrictions on Movement and attitude of criminals and 4. Implications for human right Protection. Three hundred and sixty (360) respondents were involved in the evaluation. The data collected from the respondents were analyzed using the simple percentage. In addition, the principles guiding aesthetics of arts were used to describe the quality and symbolism of the Performing Arts involved in the Carnival, Calabar. Since Carnival, Calabar is performed largely in the street, the essay attempted to determine whether there is infringement on the fundamental rights of citizens within the period and location of the carnival and the role of the performing art in that infringement.

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[5]. Essoh, Peter A. and Oluwabamide, Abiodun J., eds. 2005. Highlights of the Nigerian Heritage. Lagos: Lisjohnson Resources Publishers.
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[8]. McQuail, Denis. 2005. Mass Communication Theory 5th ed., London: Sage Publications.
[9]. Mofinews Magazine. 2011. "Africa‟s biggest street party". Journal of Ministry of Finance. Calabar, Nigeria.
[10]. Rommen. Timothy. Latin American Music Review / Revista de Música Latinoamericana. Vol. 29, No. 2 pp. 263-268. Available at http://www.jstor.org/stable/29739160

Abstract: Stigma and discrimination occurs in part due to myths that surrounded the modes of contracting HIV and the lack of law in place to respect, protect and fulfill the rights of the people with HIV/AIDS resulting in high incidence of new HIV infections especially among the economically productive persons between the ages 15 to 45 years old. Hence, these negative attitudes often delay and create fears in people to go for counseling and testing to know their HIV status which will inform better lifestyles and behaviors that are consistent with individuals HIV status; and hinders persons who are positive from utilization of available preventive programmes to protect them from re-infection. The study utilized both primary and secondary data and adopted factor analysis and descriptive statistics for the analysis. The findings revealed that about 47% of new HIV infections occurred due to stigma and discrimination while about 100 out of a thousand of people with HIV/AIDS loss their jobs for the same reason. The study hereby recommended that the federal government should pass into law the anti-stigma bill in order to respect, protect and fulfill the rights of the people living positive and criminalize any culprit and also implement the 15% Abuja Declaration for more funds for HIV/AIDS intervention and to achieve zero new HIV infection.

[1]. Ainsworth, M., Beyrer C. and Soucat A. (2003) "AIDS and Public Policy: The Lessons and Challenges of "Success‟ in Thailand." Health Policy 64: 13–37.
[2]. Ainsworth, Martha, Chris Beyrer and Agnes Soucat (2000) "Thailand‟s Response To Aids: Building On Success, Confronting The Future." Thailand Social Monitor, V, World Bank, Washington, D.C.
[3]. Bell C, et al (2003) The Long-Run Economic Costs of AIDS: Theory and an Application to South Africa.
[4]. Cohen D (1997) Socio-economic Causes and Consequences of HIV epidemic in Southern Africa: a case study of Namibia. HIV and Development Programme Issues Paper No 31 UNDP
[5]. Daniel A.A (2011) HIV/AIDS counseling and testing training organized for staff of ActionAid Nigeria by the management of the organization
[6]. Greener, Robert (2002) ""AIDS and Macroeconomic Impact,‟‟ in Steven Forsythe, ed. State ofthe Art: AIDS and Economics, pp. 49–55. International AIDS-Economics Network and The POLICY Project. http://www.policyproject.com/pubs/other/SOTAecon.pdf (accessed March 2008).
[7]. Jan Isaksen Nils Gunnar Songstad Arild Spissøy, (2002): Socio-economic effects of HIV/AIDS in African countries.
[8]. Martha Ainsworth Confronting the AIDS epidemic Setting Government Priorities in Preventing HIV/AIDS.
[9]. Mtika, M (2003): Family Transfers in a Subsistence Economy under a High Incidence of HIV/AIDS: The Case of Rural Malawi, Journal of Contemporary African Studies, Vol. 21, No. 1
[10]. National Agency for the Control of HIV/AIDS (2009): National AIDS Response Review (NACA).

Abstract: Effective communication skills are extremely important for the successful career of present engineering students. Candidly speaking, effective communications skills are equally essential for everyone in today's ultra competitive business world. In the existing globalization scenario, most of the MNC's are searching for a right and suitable candidate with sound knowledge in communication skills in addition to the hard skills. Unfortunately most of the present day so-called engineering students are not up to the mark in communication skills and as a result they are disqualified. This present paper of us tries to focus on why effective communication skills are incredibly important and also a few suggestions that are highly beneficial in overcoming the most common communicative problems of engineering students.

Key Words: Effective communication skills, engineering students, important, overcome, various

[1]. Dr. Alex. (2009). Soft skills: Know yourself and know the world. S.Chand & Co. Publishing House, New Delhi.
[2]. M. Ashraf Rizvi. (2005). Effective Technical Communication. Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
[3]. S. Hariharan, N. Sundrarajan and S.P. Shanmugapriya. (2010). Soft skills. MJP Publishers, Chennai, India.
[4]. http://www.thomasnet.com/journals/career/5-must-have-soft-skills-for-engineers-career-success.

Abstract: Right to life and Human dignity are among the cardinals of fundamental human rights provided for by the major legal systems in the world. Thus, unnecessarily taking of human soul and inhumane and degrading treatment is totally condemned by the world major legal systems. Feasible measures should always be taken by the parties to a conflict in order to avoid loss of civilian lives and injury to their persons. Any indiscriminate attack against civilians would certainly amount to a violation of their fundamental human rights. However, civilians forfeit their fundamental human rights (particularly rights to life and human dignity) if for instance they violate the rules governing the conduct of hostilities or by simply participating in the hostilities. Participation of civilian in hostilities is indeed one of the factors that can always blur the dividing line between an actual civilian and a combatant. But the extent of the participation according to Islamic and International laws is always controversial. It is therefore against this backdrop that the paper reviews and analyzes the Islamic and International laws relating to civilian rights to life and human dignity.

Keywords: Civilian, International Law, Islamic Law, Right to Life & Human Dignity

[1]. N. Badawi, Introduction to Islamic law, Programme on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research (USA, Harvard University, 2009)
[2]. M. Kyari, "Application of Shari‟a in Borno under the Colonial Rule, (1902-1960),‟ in M. A. Muazu et al (eds), Perspective in Sharia (Maiduguri, Nigeria, Sakirabe Publishers 2002)
A. I. Doi, Shari'a the Islamic Law (London, TA HA Publishers, 1984)
[3]. Saheen, S. A and Javaid, R (2005); "The concept of Jihad in Islamic International Law,‟ Volume 10, No.3, Journal of Conflict and Security Law,
[4]. M. Khadduri, The Islamic Law of Nations: Shaybani's Siyar (1966)
[5]. M. Hamidullah, Muslim Conduct of State: Being a Treaties on Siyar, that is Islamic Notion of Public International Laws of Peace, War and Neutrality, Together with Precedents from Orthodox practices and Precedent by a Historical and General Introduction, (1977)
[6]. M. T. Al Ghunaimi, The Muslim conception of International law and the western approach, (The Hague, Martinus, Nijjhoff, 1968)
[7]. S.T. Troy, Jihad's Captives: Prisoners of war in Islam (Report of the Department of Defence, Washington DC, 20301, 2005)
[8]. U.O. Umozurike, Introduction to International law (Ibadan, Nigeria, Spectrum Books Limited, 2005)
[9]. I.J. Mohammed Naqib, Principles of Public International Law A Modern Approach (Malaysia, IIUM Press, 2011)
[10]. S.A. Williams, & ALC de Mestral, An Introduction to International law (Toranto, Butterworth, 2nd ed, 1987)

Abstract: Stress is the most common problem nowadays. It is a situation, which can disturb the normal physical and mental health of an individual. Stress can either force you to act and make you excited over something new or it can make you feel depressed, rejected, disgusted and angry. There are several types of stress one of them is job stress. There are plenty of general problems that people at work worry about - increasing job competition, globalization, terrorism, annual appraisals, financial crisis, and even new technology. Beside these, employees are put under pressure to meet their targets, attend meetings on time, fit in with changes in organization by learning and following up new procedures. All these can result different levels of Stress. Nowadays, Working Stress is the fastest growing cause of absence from work. Inefficient management, lack of decision-making by management, excessive working hours, and uncertainty as to future employment prospects and the pressure of the job are some of the causes of stress described by employees. Therefore, employers should consider organizational stress as a serious problem and they must take measures to prevent employees suffering stress arising from their work. This study is to identify the level of Stress, find out the effects of Stress among the employees in Sanghu knit lands and prescribed suitable suggestions to management for to reduce the Stress level in the organisation.

Keywords: Globalization, Working stress, Level of stress, Organization.

[1]. Brain Clegg, "Instant Stress Management", Korgan page India Pvt Ltd., New Delhi, 1998.
[2]. Jeff Davidson, "The Complete Idiots Guide to Managing Stress", Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1998.
[3]. Stephen P. Robbins, "Organizational Behaviour" Seventh Edition, page no. 625, 2001.
[4]. C.R Kothari, "Research Methodology Methods and Techniques", Wispha Prakashan, New Delhi, Second Edition, 2002.
[5]. Shobha Mishra & Manju Bhagat, "Principles of successful implementation of labour welfare activities". 2007.
[6]. Encyclopedia of social sciences, "Industrial welfare work and Stress Management", 2010.
[7]. V.S.P. Rao "Human Resource Management" Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2011.

Abstract: Transparency is a powerful and leading concept. Transparency and accountability in administration is, in fact, sine qua non of participatory democracy. Government secrecy fosters disbelief of government on the part of the citizenry and transparency eliminates the wall of secrecy built against the common people by those holding in power. Transparency will not be accomplished unless we have open governance with accurate and verifiable information accessible.

Keywords: Transparency; Deeping Democratic Institutions; Accountability; Right to Information; Chief Information Commission.

[1]. Ackerman, J., (2004), "Co‐Governance for Accountability: Beyond ""Exit‟‟ and ""Voice‟‟‟, World Development 32(3): 447–463
[2]. Banerjee, A., Banerji, R., Duflo, E., Glennerster, R. and Khemani, S., (2006) "Can Information Campaigns Spark Local Participation and Improve Outcomes? A Study of Primary Education in Uttar Pradesh, India‟, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3967
[3]. Blumkin, Tomer and Gradstein, Mark (2002). Transparency Gloves for Grabbing Hands – Politics and (Mis) Governance.
[4]. Central Information Commission; (2006) Annual Report 2005-2006 Ministry of personnel, public grievances & Pensions; Government of India ; New Delhi
[5]. Curtin, D. & Meijer, A. J. (2006). Does transparency strengthen legitimacy? Information Polity: The International Journal of Government & Democracy in the Information Age, 11(2), 109-122.
[6]. D. Kapur & P.B. Mehta (2005) Public Institutions in India –Performance and Design, New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
[7]. Florini, A., (2007) "Introduction: The Battle Over Transparency", in Anne Florini edited. The Right to Know: Transparency for an Open World, New York. Columbia University Press, pp. 5
[8]. Fox, J. (2007), The Uncertain Relationship between Transparency and accountability‟, Development in Practice, Vol. 17(4/5), pp. 663-671
[9]. Goetz, A. M. and Gaventa, J (2001) "Bringing Citizen Voice and Client Focus into Service Delivery‟. IDS Working Paper 138, Institute of Development Studies, Brighton.
[10]. Hood, C. (2007). What happens when transparency meets blame-avoidance? Public Management Review, 9(2), 191-210.

Abstract: India with its diversity and rich heritage has an ugly side to it. If women have been worshipped as Goddess, there has been "sati" too. A silent witness, the oppressed women have come a long way. Though the situation has improved some facts (education rate, sexual harassment among others) are daunting. Many women have broken the barriers and we would still witness a lot more. To help women is to help society. And through this journey of women empowerment our nation will achieve its dream. The dream of reviving its past glory .To become the "golden peacock" again .Since 1911, the March 8th is celebrated around the world as International Women's Day. Many groups around the world choose different themes each year relevant to global and local gender issues. The UN declared an International Women's Day theme for 2013 and it is "A promise is a promise: Time for action to end violence against women". And this is very crucial for India. Empowerment of any section of a society is a myth until they are conferred equality before law. The foundation of freedom, justice and fraternity is based on the recognition of the inherent dignity and of equal and inalienable rights to all the members of the society. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted and proclaimed by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 10th December 1948, envisaged in Article 2 that "every one is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this declaration without distinction of any kind."

Keywords: Empowerment, Gender equality, Women right, Development, Education, Independence, nation, laws, participation, discrimination, India, UNDP,

[1]. Barkat, A. (2008): "Women empowerment: A key to Human Development., http://www.goodgovernance.org.

[2]. Blumberg, R.L. (2005): "Women‟s Economic Empowerment as the Magic Potion of Development?" Paper presented at the 100th annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Philadelphia.

[3]. Census of India (2001,2011): Govt. of India, New Delhi.

[4]. Desai, N. and U. Thakkar (2007): "Women and Political Participation in India"; Women in Indian Society, New Delhi, National Book Trust.

[5]. Figueras, I.C. (2008): "Women in Politics: Evidence from the Indian States", Department of Economics, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.
[6]. Ford, R.C. and Fottler, M.D. (1995), "Empowerment: A Matter of Degree", Academy of Management Executive, Vol.9, No.3, pp. 21-9.1. Human development report 2005.

[7]. Seth, Meera (2004): "Women and Development- The Indian Experience", Sage Publication, New Delhi.

[8]. Shields, Lourene E. (1995): "Women‟s Experiences of the Meaning of Empowerment" Qualitative Health Research, Vol.5, No.1.

[9]. Sridevi, T.O. (2005): "Empowerment of Women-A Systematic Analysis" IDF Discussion Paper.

[10]. U.N.D.P. (1990, 1995, 2000, 2002, 2005 and 2007-08, 2012-2013): Human Development Report.

Abstract: My reseach paper has a special focus upon the very premises for which NAM was given birth. In 21st century everywhere there are new moves and counter moves. the philosopy or great political ideals of the previous century are now a part of the past. where does the politics of subcontinet stand in present day scenario is something, a million dollar question. my reseach paper tries to answer all the querries of the present situation where western politics and thinking is challenging the economic and political idealogy of the Orient.In this scenario where does the Orient stand, what is NAM doing presently. Is Non-Aligned Movement in 21st Century:Relevant or Redundant

[1]. Colas Alejandro, "The Power of Representation: Democratic Politics and Global Governance". (Cambridge University Press,2003)
[2]. Dutt Radar, "NAM- Its Relevance in Unipolar World". (New Delhi,2001)
[3]. Hobsbawn Eric, "Globalization,Democracy and Terrorism".(Little Brown,London,2007)
[4]. Kumar Mohindra, " Theoretical Aspects of International Politics" (New Delhi,2002)
[5]. Liska George, "Nations in Alliance" (Baltimore,1962)
[6]. Malhotra .K.V "International Relations" (New Delhi).
[7]. Narang .S.A, " NAM in The New Millennium: Challenges and Issues"(New Delhi,2001)
[8]. Nehru.L.J, "India's Foreign Policy" (Publication Division, Government Of India,1961)

Abstract: An Attempt has been made to examine and assess the level of satisfaction of women panchayat members The study area is located in the southern part of Maharashtra and border place to Karnataka state. With the help of questionnaire a random sample survey of 1111 women panchayat members have been interviewed at their leisure time.. Their views were converted into numerical values. The factor wise level of satisfaction index has been computed. The study revealed that satisfaction index for change in social status was 7.17followed by support from husband 7.14, impact on family development 6.92 and so on. But women members were not happy about their involvement in Decision making process Generally, the women members were satisfied with existing conditions.

Keywords: Gender, Women Development, Women members, Satisfaction Index.