IOSR-JHSS   Volume-12 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-Jun-2013

Abstract: This paper reviews performance and progress of health insurance business that has evolved over the past 25 years in India. The objectives of the study are to find origin of health insurance in India and abroad and to examine the growth pattern and trends of public and private health insurers in post liberalization period. The data used to achieve the objectives were secondary in nature and covers a period from 2002-03 to 2011-12. The tabular analysis technique was used to present the findings. The study analyses the performance of health insurance sector on the basis of contribution to GDP, health insurance portfolio share percentage in total non life insurance business, sector and company wise analysis of public and private health insurers. The study found that the market trend and penetration level of health insurance business are changing over a period of time. The premium level and index of aware about the benefits of health insurance has been steadily increasing. The growth rate and market share of private health insurance has been increasing and public health insurers has been decreasing, due to number of increasing private health insurers , competition compulsions and coverage of rural areas with new and innovative products.

Key Words – Growth Pattern, Health Insurance, Market Share, Performance, Trends

[1] H.S. Chahal, Feasibility of Separate health Insurance Company in India, IRDA Journal, Vol. 32, 2006, pp. 53-62.

[2] D. Arhin-Tenkorang, , Health Insurance for the Informal Sector in Africa: Design Features, Risk Protection and Resource Mobilization, Working Paper No. WG 3:1, Commission on Macroeconomics and Health, Geneva, 2000.

[3] N. Devadasan and S. Nandraj, Planning & Implementing Health Insurance Programmes in India, Institute of public Health, 2006.

[4] V. Bishnoi and R. Saharan, Health Insurance in India: Introspects and Prospects, The Icfai Journal of Risk & Insurance, Vol.4 (3), 2007, pp. 58-68.

[5] Institute of Public Health, Training Manual on Health Insurance, Bangalore, 2006.

[6] Devadasan et al., Community Insurance in India: An overview, Economic and Political Weekly, 2004, pp. 3179-83.

[7] D.Mavalankar and R. Bhat, Health Insurance in India: Opportunities, Challenges and Concerns, paper presented at Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, 2000. [8] R.P. Ellis, M. Alam and I. Gupta, Health Insurance in India: Prognosis & Prospectus, Economic & Political Weekly, Vol. 35, 2000, pp. 207-217.

[9] R. Ahuja, The poor need health insurance, too, IRDA Journal, Vol. 2(11), 2004, pp.15-16.

[10] I. Gupta and M. Trivedi , "Beyond a Piecemeal Approach", Economic & Political Weekly, June 24, 2006, pp. 2525- 28.

Abstract: The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of intimate partner on the mental wellbeing of women. It was hypothesized that 1-women facing violence for more than a year will have high depression as compared to victims facing violence for less than a year 2-Women facing violence for more than a year will have high anxiety as compared to victims facing violence for less than a year Since this was a very sensitive area triangulation method was adopted for in depth understanding .A purposeful sampling was applied for sample selection .A sample of 250 women was screened with help of HITS(Sherin) out of which only 216 continued with the project .Sample included 118 abused women and 98 not abused women .Both the scales i.e. HITS(Kevin), & TSC-40 , were translated back and forth. All the ethical codes and conducts were followed during the research for the safety of the participants.

[1]. Astedt-Kurki ,P., Paavilainen, E.,& Lethi, K. (2001) Methodological issues in interviewing families in family nursing research. Journal of advanced nursing 35(20, 288-293
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Abstract: Communication channels play pivotal role in disseminating information. But when the bulk of population is illiterate and inaccessible to modern means of communication, the challenge is all the more difficult. In this situation mass media like radio can play a significant role in disseminating information. Radio is a very popular and powerful communication medium and has proved very effective in helping to disseminate agricultural information. One of the special features of All India Radio is its 'farm and home units', which are engaged in disseminating scientific information about farming to needy people living mostly in poorly accessible villages. There are number of sources of agricultural information which a farmer can use. In order to find out how the farmers rate radio broadcast in respect of the credibility of the information as compared to other sources. The radio programme of AIR Dharwad has been taken to investigate the credibility issue. The respondents for this study were selected from three districts of Karnataka. From Dharwad-88 farmers; Gadag-86 farmers and Bijapur-86 farmers were selected randomly. Finally 260 farmers were selected for the study. The primary data was collected through structured questionnaire. The results indicate that the farm radio programmes are the second credible, next to agriculture extension workers. This might be due to the fact that extension worker is very much available in the village and gives the information in required format. It is obvious that the Farm and Home units programmes should be more effective, to achieve high credibility. Further, content of the farm radio programmes, which once broadcasted should be made available in print form and possibly in audio form as well in all the Raita Salaha Kendras (Advice Centre for Farmers) for reference by the farmers.

Key words: Credibility, Radio, Agriculture information

[1]. Ambastha C. K (1974) "Communication Patterns in Farm Innovation Development, Extension and Client System, in Bihar: A system Approach.
[2]. Annamalai (1979) "A Study on Utilization of Farm Information Sources in the Adoption Process‟, M.Sc. Thesis, T.N.A.U, Coimbatore.
[3]. Anonymous (2012) Publication Malyalam Manorama,Kottayam (PP-670-675,658-659,487-488).
[4]. Chandramouli (1990) "A Report on Sasya Sanjeevini Serial Programme, All India Radio Bangalore.
[5]. Hiriyannaiah Y.T (1977) "A comparative study of adoption behavior, communication pattern and value orientation of the graduate, non-graduate and illiterate farmers of Malaprabha command area of Dharwad district, Karnataka State. M.Sc (Agri.) thesis (Unpubl) UAS, Bangalore.
[6]. Joshi C.D (1985) "Evaluative study of the effectiveness of nabhovani sheti shala (Farm – School – on AIR) in the transfer of technology to the farmers with special reference to poultry keeping Acc No. 1557. M.Sc (Agri).
[7]. Meena B.S (2010) "Communication Sources Credibility and Utilization Pattern among Farmers‟, Raj. J. Extn. Edu. 17 & 18: 40-43.
[8]. Nazam, M. 2000. A sociological study of the factors affecting the adoption rate of modern technologies in tehsil Chistian. M.Sc. Thesis, Dept. of Rural Soc., Univ. of Agri., Faisalabad.
[9]. Opera, N. U. 2008. Agricultural information sources used by farmers in Imo state, Nigeria. Info. Dev., 24(4): 289-295.
[10]. Patil L.H (1980) "The impact of radio lessons on knowledge and adoption behavior of ground nut cultivators of Dharwad district, Karnataka State. M.Sc (Agri.) thesis (Unpubl) UAS, Bangalore.

Abstract: Transatlantic slavery and its repercussions on the lives of its victims and its perpetrators alike have been some of the significant concerns of the postcolonial studies. Transatlantic slavery has been considered as one of the major colonial projects in which the dignity and rights of millions of Africans have been violated unscrupulously. As these facts are acknowledged and accepted across the world, a vast amount of accusation and condemnation are also directed against the West for inflicting such pains on humanity. However, the realization that transatlantic slavery could not have happened without the active participation of Africans compels one to examine their almost equal responsibility more seriously. Caryl Phillips (1958- ), one of the contemporary postcolonial writers in his fictional works recaptures these moments of complicity of Africans. His two novels Higher Ground and Crossing the River not only examine the African responsibility in transatlantic slavery, but also investigate how such involvement has constructed particular psychological vexation in its partakers. It allows him to see how Africans suffer physically and mentally owing to the brutal victimization under slavery, while it also significantly providing a mirror into the psyche of Africans who have collaborated with the Europeans in victimizing one's own people in transatlantic slavery. While for many this difficult truth is hard to accept and reluctant to acknowledge, for Phillips the remembrance and acknowledgement of them are some of the essential means of a cure for the psychological damage that the transatlantic slavery has created.

Key Words: African Complicity, Caryl Phillips, Crossing the River, Higher Ground, Postcolonial, Transatlantic slavery

[1] M. Logan, African wars, in Toyin Falola and Amanda Warnock (Ed) Encyclopedia of the Middle Passage, (Westport-London: Greenwood Press, 2007) 393-396.

[2] T. Falola and Amanda, Introduction, in Toyin Falola and Amanda Warnock (Ed) Encyclopedia of the Middle Passage, (Westport-London: Greenwood Press, 2007) xv-xxvii.

[3] R. T. Schatteman. Introduction, in Renee T. Schatteman (Ed) Conversations with Caryl Phillips, (Jackson USA: University Press of Mississippi, 2009) ix-xviii.

[4] A. Torres, Africa and Africans in the making of the Atlantic world, 1400-1680, American Anthropologist 95(1), 1993, 229–230.

[5] J. Thornton, Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400-1680 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992). [6] A. C. Bailey, African voices of the Atlantic slave trade: Beyond the silence and the shame, (Boston: Beacon Press, 2005)

[7] A. C. Bailey, African voices of the Atlantic slave trade: Beyond the silence and the shame, (Boston: Beacon Press, 2005)

[8] T. Falola and A. Warnock, Introduction, in Toyin Falola and Amanda Warnock (Ed) Encyclopedia of the Middle Passage, (Westport-London: Greenwood Press, 2007) xv-xxvii. [9] J. Thornton, Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400-1680 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992).
[10] H.L. Gates Jr., Ending the slavery blame-game, The New York Times, 10 April 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/23/opinion/23gates.html?_r=0, Accessed on 20 June 2013.

Abstract: A comparative study has been conducted among 120 subjects classified as 60 tribal (30 male & 30 female each)) and 60 non-tribals (30 male & 30 female each) students of Agartala City of Tripura state. As young stars are more vulnerable than adults in term of adjustment among themselves so the sample were collected from one renowned college of Agartala city that is M.B.B college and they belong from different socio economic back ground. Their age ranges from 18 years to 21 years. The aim of my study is investigate the social adjustment level among tribal male & female students, to find out the social adjustment among non-tribal male & female students, to find out the social adjustment among tribal & non-tribal female students and also to find out their social adjustment pattern among tribal & non-tribal male students. After interpretening the collecting data it is found that there is a significance difference of social adjustment pattern found among Tribal and Non-Tribal students.

Key word- Adjustment, Non-Tribal, Social Adjustment, Tribal, Group Statistics.

[1]. 1.AMANPREET KAUR, a text book of psychology,( s. vikas & co.edition 2012).
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Abstract: The Panchatantra (Five Principles) is an ancient Indian inter-related collection of animal fables in verse and prose, in a frame story format. The original Sanskrit work, which some scholars believe was composed in the 3rd century BCE, is attributed to Vishnu Sharma. It is based on older oral traditions, including "animal fables that are as old as we are able to imagine", including the Buddhist Jataka Tales. It is "certainly the most frequently translated literary product of India", and these stories are among the most widely known in the world.

[1]. Edgerton, Franklin (1924), The Panchatantra Reconstructed (Vol.1: Text and Critical Apparatus, Vol.2: Introduction and Translation), New Haven, Connecticut: American Oriental Series Volumes 2–3
[2]. Kāśīnātha Pāṇḍuraṅga Paraba, ed. (1896), The Panchatantra of Vishnu Sarman, Tukaram Javji, Google Books.

[3]. Pandit Guru Prasad Shastri (1935), Panchatantra with the commentary Abhinavarajalaxmi, Benares: Bhargava Pustakalaya (Text with Sanskrit commentary)

[4]. Tales Within Tales - adapted from the fables of Pilpai, Sir Arthur N Wollaston, John Murray, London 1909

[5]. Wilkinson (1930), The Lights of Canopus described by J V S Wilkinson, London: The Studio Limited

[6]. Rajan, Chandra (transl.) (1993), Viṣṇu Śarma: The Panchatantra, London: Penguin Books, ISBN 9780140455205 (reprint: 1995) (also from the North Western Family text.)

[7]. Rajan, Chandra (transl.) (1993), Viṣṇu Śarma: The Panchatantra, London: Penguin Books, ISBN 9780140455205 (reprint: 1995) (also from the North Western Family text.)

[8]. Olivelle, Patrick (transl.) (1997), The Pancatantra: The Book of India's Folk Wisdom, Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780192839886 (Translation based on Edgerton's Southern Family Sanskrit text.)

Abstract: This paper examines the status of industrial development in Africa with a focus on the identification of stylized facts associated with African manufacturing. It also provides an analysis of past attempts at promoting industrial development in the region and the lessons learned from these experiences. Panel data (combination of Cross sectional and Time series analysis) is applied on the data obtained by UNIDO from developing countries spanning from 1980-2010. After gaining political independence, which occurred mainly in the 1960s, most African countries started to promote industrialization. The emphasis on industrialization was based on the political conviction by African leaders that it was necessary to ensure self-reliance and reduce dependence on advanced countries. Furthermore, there was the expectation that industrialization would hasten the transformation of African countries from agricultural to modern economies, create employment opportunities, raise incomes as well as living standards, and reduce vulnerability to terms of trade shocks resulting from dependence on primary commodity exports. But during the 1970s, with successive oil shocks and an emerging debt problem, it started to become clear that import substitution industrialization was not sustainable. With the introduction of structural adjustment programmes in the 1980s, African countries curtailed specific policy efforts to promote industrialization and focused on removing anti-export biases and furthering specialization according to comparative advantage. It was expected that competitive pressures would revitalize economic activity by leading to the survival of the fittest. But whilst these policies were certainly intended to have structural effects, the conventional view is that they did not boost industrialization in the region. Efforts to promote industrial development in Africa should be centered on (a) promoting scientific and technological innovation, (b) creating linkages in the domestic economy, (c) fostering entrepreneurship, (d) improving government capabilities, (e)adopting appropriate monetary and fiscal policies.

Keywords: Industrialization, Self reliance, oil shocks, Employment generation, Primary commodity.

[1]. Booth D (2003). Are PRSP's making a difference? The African experience: introduction and overview. Development Policy Review. 21(2).
[2]. Chang H (2009). Industrial policy: can we go beyond an unproductive confrontation? Paper presented at the Annual World Bank Conference on development Economics, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 22–24 June.
[3]. Foster V and Briceno-Garmendia C (2010). Africa's infrastructure: a time for transformation. World Bank. Washington D.C.
[4]. Gault F and Zhang G (2010). The role of innovation in the area of development. In: Kraemer-Mbula E and Wamae W, eds. Innovation and the Development Agenda. OECD/IDRC. Paris.
[5]. Hausmann R, Hwang J and Rodrik D (2007). What you export matters. Journal of Economic Growth. 12(1): 1–25.
[6]. Hesse H (2008). Export diversification and economic growth. Working Paper No. 21, Commission on Growth and Development.
[7]. Kaplinsky R (2007). Capacity-building in SSA: what difference do the Asian Drivers make? Paper presented at the meeting of Experts on FDI, Technology and Competitiveness held at UNCTAD, Geneva, 8–9 March.
[8]. Lall S (1995). Structural adjustment and African industry. World Development. 23(12): 2019–2031.
[9]. Lall S (2005). Is African industry competing? Working Paper 121. Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford.
[10]. Lall S and Teubal M (1998). Market-stimulating technology policies in developing countries: a framework with examples from East Asia. World Development. 26(8): 1369–1385.

Abstract: This paper examines the causes of bad and doubtful debt in Nigeria commercial banks. It presents a framework to x-ray the risk and to validate the checks and balances to prevent or rather reduce the risk. The study uses both primary and secondary tools for data collection to determine causes of bad debts. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and autoregressive model were applied to validate the result spanning the period 1993 to 2011. Lending is one of the major functions of banks though the most risky. Yet any bank that wants to remain in business must lend. Due to the fact that bank's primary function is to act as intermediary between savers and borrowers, the barometer for measuring their earnings is interest from lending. Lending is a risk. Granting of credit is risk that can be viewed as the most important risk which Nigerian banks face bearing in mind the staggering size of their non-performing assets. Credit risk therefore is the risk which could occasion a loss for a bank due to a default by a customer in meeting its obligation. It is observed that incessant increase in interest rate is a strong and statistically important factor that causes bad debt in Nigeria commercial banks. Banks Management should establish sound lending policies, adequate credit administration procedure and an effective and efficient machinery to monitor lending function with established guidelines, reduce interest rates on lending. They should study the character and financial statement of the borrower before granting them loans.

Keywords: Bad debts, Customer's default, Credit risk, borrowers, nonperforming assets.

[1]. Agu, O. C. (2010) Credit Management and Bad Debt in Nigeria Commercial Banks: MSc thesis submitted to the Dept. of Economics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka.
[2]. Adebiyi, M.A. and S.B. Adeyemi (2007) Inflation Targeting in Developing Economies: the case of Nigeria. Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
[3]. Adeniyi O. (2002), The Elements of Banking In Nigeria, Graham Burn Ltd. London .
[4]. Adekaye T. (2005) Banking Methods and Practices Hosanna Publication Ltd, Enugu.
[5]. Adebiyi, M.A (2006) "Financial Sector reforms and Impact of Monetary Policy Shocks in Nigeria: Wageningen Academy Publishers, Manholt Publication Series Vol. 1
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[7]. Anyawaokoro M. (1996), Banking Method And Processes Hossana Publication, Enugu
[8]. Ajayi B. (1999), "Excess Liquidity and Unplanned Inventory". Business Times Thursday 4 Dec.1999.
[9]. Alao S. (1996) "Banks Scramble to Invest Idle Funds". Business Times Monday, May 12 1996.
[10]. Anaeto E. (1997), "Considerations for Loan Receivers". Business Times. Monday 1 March 1997.

Abstract: Recent days, the concept of mainstreaming special children in general schools has gradually been taking root across the country's educational system, disabled children in particular. In 1974, a major shift in education for the children with disability was achieved with the launch of the comprehensive integrated education of the disabled children (IEDC).This scheme was implemented in 15000 schools in 26 states and Union territories of India and reportedly covered 65, 000 children with disabilities in mainstream schools. The scheme provides facilities in the form of books, stationery, uniforms and allowances for transport, reader, escort, etc. In spite of all these facilities, IEDC ends with limited success. However it was successful in creating awareness as the importance of integrating disabled children in the mainstream education. But only with the formulation of National Policy on Education (NPE), 1986, inclusive education for disabled children were treated as an imperative, besides the national policy for persons with disabilities was adopted in 1993, emphasized the need for mainstreaming of the persons with disabilities in the general educational system. National Policy on Education (NPE) also enabled the setting up of a team of experts under the chairmanship of Behrual Islam in 1987 to study the problems of disabled children and became the core of the comprehensive legislation provided later in the disabilities act of 1995. In this context District Primary Education Programme (DPEP) and Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) were providedmajor thrust to integrate and include disabled children in the mainstream education. Currently Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan successfully implemented inclusive education for disabled children in India. Its ultimate aim is to provide universal elementary education. In-fact inclusion of one of the groups, which is extremely crucial for UEE, is perhaps that of the CWSN. Hence, the mainstreaming the education of CWSN is an important intervention in the present scenario. Thus this paper attempts to analyses the inclusion of children with special needs in general schools in Puducherry UT

Key words: Disabled Children, CWSN, SSA, Inclusion, General schools

[1]. Arunachalam, N. (2010). Special Education to Inclusive Education: A paradigm Shift. In Dr. Arunachalam, Educating Children with Special Needs. New Delhi: APH publishing Corporation.
[2]. Baghat, J.L. (2009). Inclusive Education for the Disabled. In J.S.Saini & Amit Goyal, Empowering Disabled (pp. 39-45). Chandigarh: Abhishek Publications
[3]. Agarwal, Rashmi & Rao, B.V.L.N. (2007). Education for Disabled Children. Delhi: Shipra Publications.
[4]. Abstracts of Research studies in Elementary Education (2003-2009).Research Evaluation Study Unit. Technical support Group for Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan. EdCil (India) Ltd.
[5]. Annual Report 2009-2010. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Directorate of School Education. Government of Puducherry
[6]. Annual Report 2010-2011.Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Directorate of School Education. Government of Puducherry
[7]. Dash, Neena (2006).Inclusive education for Children with Special Needs. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers
[8]. Mohanty, Jagannath (2002). Primary and Elementary Education. New Delhi: Deep and Deep Publications
[9]. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan: Framework for Implementation. Department of School Education and Literacy. Ministry of Human Resource Development. March 2011
[10]. Sharma, Kaushal (2007). Inclusive Education for PWDs: An Everyone's Challenges. In Kaushal Sharma & B.C.Mahapatra, Emerging Trends in Inclusive Education. New Delhi: IVY Publications.

Abstract: The paper contains an analytical discussion on the two important regional planning tools namely, 'co-efficient of localization' and 'localization curve'. Application opportunities of these tools in the context of a developing country like Bangladesh have been identified and depicted in the paper along with exploring their contribution in easing analytical regional planning.

Key-words: Base Magnitude; Co-efficient of Localization; Decentralization; Economic Entities; Localization Curve; Spatial Distribution.

[1] Rahman, A. (2013), "Time for Industry Audit — PM Must Intervene", Short article published in "The Daily Star‟ newspaper, Bangladesh, June 11.
[2] The World Bank (2007), "Bangladesh: Strategy for Sustained Growth- Chapter 5: Urban Development and Economic Growth in Bangladesh", Bangladesh Development Series, Paper No. 18, The World Bank Office, Dhaka, pp 104-105 [Retrieved from: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/SOUTHASIAEXT/Resources/Publications/448813-1185396961095/4030558-1185396985915/fullreport.pdf, Retrieved on: April 28, 2013]
[3] Farhana K. M., Rahman S. A. & Rahman M. (2012), "Factors of Migration in Urban Bangladesh: An Empirical Study of Poor Migrants in Rajshahi City", Bangladesh e-Journal of Sociology. Volume 9, Number 1. January 2012, pp 114-115. [Retrieved from: http://www.bangladeshsociology.org/Factors%20of%20Migration%20in%20Urban%20Bangladesh%20An%20Empirical.pdf, Retrieved on: April 28, 2013]
[4] Shikdar, M. K. (2012), "Impact of Rural-Urban Migration on Urban Bangladesh", Social Science Research Network, December 21, p-11 [Retrieved from: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2217764, Retrieved on: April 28, 2013]
[5] The New Age (2013), "Experts Stress Decentralization to "Save‟ Dhaka", Article published on June 2. [Retrieved from: http://newagebd.com/detail.php?date=2013-06-02&nid=51297#.UYHF0dggtkg, Retrieved on: June 6, 2013]
[6] Isard, W., (1960), Methods of Regional Analysis: an Introduction to Regional Science, The M.I.T Press, Massachusetts, Chapter 7, pp. 252-258.
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Abstract: Literacy for a 21st century context is far more complex than reading and writing print. As society and information and communication technology (ICT) has changed, so what counts as literacy and how a person is deemed to be literate has changed. Students from lowsocio-economic backgrounds in the later years of schooling require access to multiple literacies mediated through ICT and to teachers who are willing to provide opportunities for them to be taught explicitly. ICT can promote the learning of the content as well as learning the literacies associated with specific subject areas. This paper will focus on how three teachers in the later years of schooling (years 9–12) used technology to enhance learning and engagement of students in learning the literacies associated with their subject. They challenged the hegemony of print literacy by providing opportunities to develop students understanding, critique and creation of multimodal texts, but also supported students in achieving more effective print literacy. These teachers provided appropriate teaching for students from low socio-economicbackgrounds, engaging them in thinking, feeling and acting at high levels while simultaneously providing positive messages about their knowledge, ability, control, place and voice. Their pedagogical approach supported the development of cultural and social capital that will enhance their students' life options.

Keywords: Content literacy , Secondary education, Student engagement , Multiliteracies , Pedagogies.

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