IOSR-JHSS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-6 ~ Sep-Oct-2013

Abstract: The purpose of the study was to find out the effects of yoga training aerobic training and detraining on muscular strength among college boys. To achieve this purpose of the study, forty five college boys were selected as subjects who were studied various department in the Nagaland University, Lumami. The selected subjects were aged between 18 to 21 years. The selected subjects were randomly divided into three groups of 15 subjects each group. Group one acted as experimental group I (yoga training) and group two acted as experimental group II (aerobic training) and group three acted as control group. The subjects were tested on selected criterion variable such as muscular strength prior to and immediately after the training period. The selected criterion variable such as muscular strength was measured by grip dynamometer. The collected data from the three groups before, during and after the experimentation was statistically analyzed by using two-way (3×3) factorial analysis of variance with last factor repeated measures. The data collected from the three groups at post test and detraining (three cessation) was statistically analyzed by using two way (3×4) factorial ANOVA with last factor repeated measures. Two way factorial ANOVA was used to find out the significant differences if any, the Scheffe's test is applied as post hoc test to determine which of the paired mean had significant differences. The 0.05 level of confidence was fixed to test the significance. The result of the present study has revealed that there was a significant difference among the experimental and control group on muscular strength.

Key words: yoga training-aerobic training-physical fitness variables

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Abstract: There are eight main MDGs and many stake holders in various countries have contributed to achieving some of these goals. Achieving the MDGs does not depend on economic growth and expensive solutions alone. Man himself has the solution very close to his bosom if he can make maximum use of what nature provides for him. Ethno-botany is an integral part of indigenous/local knowledge of a particular society. The ethno-botanicals accessed from forest areas not only provide a substantial amount of food security to the women but also play a significant role in securing the household economy. Women have developed local provisions of insurance of livelihoods for local communities, ethno-medicine for family health, growing of staple food crops, exploration of plant based innovations for food and biodiversity conservation. However, tens of thousands of plant species are at risk of being extinct, including plants used for food and nutrition, medicine, cultural and spiritual purposes, and the maintenance of livelihoods. These are needed to alleviate poverty, provide food security and ensure sustainable development in many nations. This paper focuses on the roles of an ethno-botanist in achieving some of the MDGs in Africa.

Key words: Ethno-botany, MDGs, anthropology, poverty alleviation, environmental sustainability

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Abstract: Reading occupies a pivotal role in the life of a man. Reading opens the doors of the treasures of knowledge. It is an important means of introducing the child to the world that surrounds him. It is the very foundation on which the edifice of the child is to be built. Reading is one of the most important components of our language and it is an essential tool for lifelong learning for all learners. In order to face the 21st century, education has to prepare these learners to adapt to social and technological changes that are taking place at an unprecedented rate. Education under these circumstances depends largely on language competency. In this context, reading especially is a resource for continued education, for the acquisition of new knowledge and skills, for gaining information through media, especially newspapers, books, radio, television, and the computers.

Keywords- Reading habits

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Abstract: In this research paper I have tried to find out the effect of privatization on Pakistan's corporations. Government has privatized PAKSAUDI fertilizer; which was a huge asset for Pakistan's fertilizer industry. This industry has millions of tons of production capacity and was earning huge million dollar capital income for economic progression of country. During 2001-2002 PAKSAUDI fertilizer was purchased by FFC's subsidiary and consequences occurred which had never been repaired. In my research report I tried to show the effect of this acquisition on BIN QASIM plant. I also try to show that in Pakistan certain private entities manipulate to purchase national organization for their own benefits this has caused a huge loss to not only our nation but also to whole economy. In short this report is associated to huge macroeconomic perspective of privatization and its effect on our economy. After purchasing PAKSAUDI plant FFC has effectively reduced its debt share so that operating profit of firm has increased because PAK Saudi fertilizer has capacity of production of million tons of fertilizer as per need of consumption, targeting this industry has led FFC to better growth of operating profit. Operating profit is generally defined as profit that a firm has gained from its operations, so after purchasing operations of FFC has increased thereby greater the operation with les cost greater will be the operating profit margin. with archeological perspective and eagle eye view point of a analyzer I can only say that in 2004 firm has enough resource to be used in future operations but if we place an eagle eye's view on 2001 picture there was very disappointing situation of operation.

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