IOSR-JHSS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-1 ~ Sep-Oct-2013

Abstract: The Paper, Duality in Urban Development: Marginalization of city tribes is an analytical assessment of the contextual specific in an urban situation. In the context of a rapidly growing city in the North East India there is a constant unfolding of a society towards urban way of life due to ever expanding migration process in a backward economy. In this process though there is steady growth of economy and high literacy rate in the city, the original inhabitants lag behind the process of urban development .Traditionally they were the land lords and possessed vast amount of land in and around the present city. The expansion of the city meant shedding off their land rights to the migrated people being deprived of substantial monetary benefit. Their status has been studied as a marginal group despite being the land lords .Land has gradually become a major issue of their survival in the city. The study finds that their original traits remain strong. It is an investigation of lack of belongingness in the emerging urban situation and is a modest attempt to focus attention on the intricate problems and facets of development process of cities.

Key words: apathy, deprivation, isolation, land status, new vitality, urban tribes.

[1]. State of the World's cities, 2010/2011, Bridging the urban divide. First published by Earthscan in the UK and USA in 2008 for and on behalf of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme UN-HABITAT. Pp. 4-30
[2]. Sharma Purobi, 2013 Genesis of a City: Urban Development in Guwahati, Eastern Book House , Guwahati, (to be published, PhD thesis, Urban Development in a Developing society, p. 52)
[3]. ibid.
[4]. Simmel Georg, 1903, "The Metropolis and Mental Life", in Gary Bridge and Sophie Watson, eds. The Blackwell City Reader, Oxford and Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2002.p11-19
[5]. Tonnies Ferdinand, 1957, Community and Society: Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft translated and edited by Charles P. Loomis, pp. 223-231. Copyright, The Michigan State University Press.
[6]. Park, Robert, 1928: "Human Migration and the Marginal Man", The American Journal of Sociology,33 (6): pp. 881-937.
[7]. Weisberger, Adam, 1992 "Marginality and Its Directions" Sociological Forum 7(3): pp. 425–446.
[8]. Goldberg Chad Alan, 2012, Laboratorium, Robert Park's Marginal Man: The Career of a Concept in AmericanSociology, Issue 3.http://new.soclabo.org/index.php/laboratorium/pages/view/subscribe
[9]. Louis Wirth, 1938, Urbanism as a Way of Life, The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 1-24. The American Journal of Sociology is currently published by The University of Chicago Press.
[10]. Wirth, Louis. [1948] 1964. "Consensus and Mass Communication" Pp. 18–43 in On Cities and Social Life, edited by Albert J. Reiss, Jr. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Abstract: Changes are inevitable even in the organization and as a result of this most of the industrial organization not only in India but throughout the glob have brought up some changes especially technological changes to compete in the consumer market. Textile industries in Northern India are one of them. Hence, the present study was aimed at studying the job stress towards organizational change with special reference to textile industries where thousands of blue-collars are engaged in performing their job activity. For the present study the information on such problem collected through Indian based standardized questionnaire schedules were randomly administered on all individual employees working in textile industries in different districts of Northern India namely, Azamgarh, Gorakhpur, Kanpur, Mau, and Meerut etc., these districts are in U.P. – a state of Northern India. Having colleted the information on the items of schedules from blue-collar employees (N= 450) of textile industries, obtained data were tabulated according to procedures and analyzed by standard multiple regression analysis using SSP. The results revealed that "responsibility for persons", "intrinsic impoverishment" , "low status", "unprofitability" - the dimensions of job stress and some biographical variables, namely, "age" and "experience in the present position" have been found as real predictors of organizational change, although, all blue- collar employees have shown greater acceptance to change. Findings of the present study have been discussed in detail by highlighting the probable reasons in the exigency of situations prevailing now in India.

Key words: Job Stress, Organizational Change.

[1]. Ahmad, Anis (1994). Occupational Stress and Certain Biographical Variables as Predicators of Organizational Change. Journal of community Guidance and Research-An International multidisciplinary Cross –Cultural Journal, 2(2), 95 103.
[2]. Ahmad, Anis (1995) Perception of Organizational Change amongst supervisors and assemblers. A study of electronic manufacturing companies of NOIDA. Magadh Journal of Social Research, 1(2), 36-41.
[3]. Ahmad, Anis (1999) Perceived Organizational Change amongst Technical and Non-Technical Workers in Private Sectors. Journal of Community Guidance & Research, 16(1), 61-67.
[4]. Ahmad, Anis (2000). Organizational Commitment Vs Organizational Change: A comparative study of Blue Collar and White Collar Employees of Saree Manufacturing Companies. Social Science International, 16(1), 20-23.
[5]. Ahmad, Anis (2001) . Perceived Organizational Change with reference to occupational stress JIAAP, 27 (1), 83-88.
[6]. Ahmad, Anis (2003).Life Satisfaction with Organizational Change: A comparative study of Indian – Ethiopian Working Women. Social Science International, 24, 18-25.
[7]. Ahmad, Anis (2010) . Enhancing Business Effectiveness through Organizational Change. Business Psychology. Edited by Novrattan Sharma and Amrita Yadav. Global Vision Publishing House, New Delhi.
[8]. Albrecht, K. (1979). Stress & the Manager. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall.
[9]. Baron, A.R. (1986). Behaviour in Organization, 2nd Ed., Allyn and Bacon,
[10]. Basowitz, et. al. (1955). Anxiety and Stress. New York: MacGraw Hill.

Abstract: With rapid changes in the business environment, organizations are now looking at intellectual assets such as human resources as unique assets that bring about competitive advantage. In spite of the strategic position that human assets occupy, sufficient attention has not been given to standardizing reporting practices. It is against this backdrop that the research examines human resource accounting practices of financial service and manufacturing firms in Nigeria. By content-analysing the financials of 12-selected companies, human resource accounting disclosure indices were derived. Study variables were subjected to statistical procedures such as ANOVA, T-test and Correlation. The study found out that though human resource accounting disclosure practice index of banks is higher in comparison to manufacturing companies, the difference is not statistically significant. Also, there is a strong positive relationship between human resource accounting disclosure and company size. It was the findings of this research that there is a positive connection between the volume of financials and human resource reporting. To enhance the credibility of financial reports, firms may consider valuing and incorporating human assets in their financial statements. Relevant authorities should look into drawing-up specific financial reporting standard on human resource activities to address problems of arbitrariness in human resource accounting disclosure.

Keywords: Financial Reporting, Human Resource Accounting, Intellectual asset, Nigeria, Strategic Management Accounting.

[1] Leon C M, Personnel management: A human resources approach. The Irwin series in management and the behavioural sciences (R.D. Irwin; 4th edition, 1981)

[2] Bassi, L., Lev, B., Low, J., and Siesfield, A. Accounting for and measuring the impact of corporate investments in human capital. Paper presented at a conference organised by Brookings Institution held at MIT in January 1998.

[3] Harrell, A.M. and Klick, H.D. Comparing the impact of monetary and non- monetary human asset measures on executive decision making. Accounting, Organizations and Society, Vol. 5, No 4, 1980, 393-400.

[4] Schwarz, J.L., and Murphy, R. E. Human capital metrics: An approach to teaching Using data and metrics to design and evaluate management practices. Journal of Management Education.Vol. 32, No. 2, 2008, 164.

[5] Moore, R. Measuring how 'human capital' appreciates in value over time. Plant Engineering, Vol. 61, No.4, 2007, 29.

[6] Johanson, U. and Nilson, M. (1996). The usefulness of human resource costing and accounting.Journal of Human Resource Costing and Accounting, Vol. 1, No 1, pp. 17-138.

[7] Hendricks, J. The impact of human accounting information on stock investment decisions: An empirical study. Accounting Review Journal, 1976.292-305.

[8] Morrow, S. Football players as human assets. Measurement as the critical factor in asset recognition: A case study investigation. Journal of Human Resource Costing and Accounting, Vol. 1, No.1, 1996.

[9] Olsson, B. Annual reporting practices: information about human resources in corporate annual reports in major Swedish companies. Journal of Human Resource Costing and Accounting, Vol.5, No. 1, 2001.

[10] Jaggi, B., and Lau, S . (1974). Toward a Model for Human Resource Valuation.The Accounting Review, pp.321-29.

Abstract: One of the most well known writers and a pre-Romantic poet of Diwan group and an innovative critic Abdur Rahman Shukri was born in Alexandria (1886-1958).Throughout the formative phases of Abdur Rahman Shukri's life, many figures were responsible for shaping his love and imagination on poetry. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the love and imagination on Shukri's poetry. Imagination is regarded as a tool of insight into a higher order of reality which many render those who have glimpsed it in capable of coping with this mundane world. Shukri's love poetry is marked by its excessive idealization of the beloved. Shukri addresses the beloved in the traditional masculine form, and occasionally uses conventional love and imagery. He has an unmistakable tendency to express himself in generalizations, sentiments and moral perception in the manner of traditional gnomic verse and his intellectual ability as manifested in his writings.

Keywords: Abdur Rahman Shukri, contribution to Arabic poetry, love and imagination, theme and styles

[1]. Dr.Daif, Shawqi, Al-Adab-al-Arabi-al-Muashir fi-Misr, Cairo, p-128
[2]. Brugman, J, An introduction to the history of modern Arabic literature in Egypt, Leiden, 1984, p-115
[3]. Badawi, M.M. Modern Arabic literature, Cambridge University press, 1992, p-87
[4]. Dr.Daif, Shawqi, Al-Adab-al-Arabi-al-Muashir fi-Misr, Cairo, p-128
[5]. Badawi, M.M. A critical introduction to modern Arabic poetry, Cambridge University press,1975, p-81
[6]. Dr.Daif, Shawqi, Al-Adab-al-Arabi-al-Muashir fi-Misr, Cairo, p-130
[7]. Badawi, M.M. Modern Arabic literature, Cambridge University press, 1992, p-94
[8]. Shukri, Abdur Rahman, Diwan, p-177
[9]. Shukri, Abdur Rahman, Diwan, p-269
[10]. Badawi, M.M. A critical introduction to modern Arabic poetry, Cambridge University press,1975, p-100

Abstract: Ex-post facto research design was followed for carrying out the study in the state of Andhra Pradesh. Sample comprised of 120 farmers selected randomly from four randomly selected mandals of Mahaboobnagar district which was a purposive selection. Age, education, farm size, farming experience, annual income, occupation, innovativeness, economic orientation, market orientation, change proneness, achievement motivation, information seeking behavior, social participation and participation in activities of extension centre (District Agricultural Advisory Transfer of Technology Centre) were the profile characteristics of farmers studied under independent variables in the study. Utilisation of services was the dependent variable selected for the study. The findings revealed that majority of farmers were illiterate, middle aged, possessed small farm size, had medium farming experience, annual income, labour and agriculture was their main and subsidiary occupation, medium innovativeness, medium economic orientation, medium market orientation, medium change proneness, medium achievement motivation, medium information seeking behavior, with no membership in any social organization and medium participation in DAATTC activities respectively. The profile characteristics like age, education, farm size, farming experience, annual income, innovativeness, market orientation, change proneness, information seeking behaviour, social participation and participation in DAATTC activities were positively and significantly correlated with the utilisation of DAATTC services by farmers. Hence, above variables should be taken into consideration for selection of master trainers and innovative farmers so that these farmers can effectively communicate to fellow farmers resulting in effective service utilisation.

[1]. Aghazia. 2008. Training needs of onion cultivators in Afghanistan. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis. Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India.
[2]. Archana, P. 2012. A study on farmers adaptability to climate variability in castor in Mahabubnagar district of Andhra Pradesh. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis.Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India.
[3]. Atchutaraju, K. 1998. Training needs of Betelvine farmers in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis. Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India.
[4]. Babu, B. 1992. A Study on training needs of tribal farmers with respect to mango cultivation in Khammam district of Andhra Pradesh. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis. Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India.
[5]. Gangadhar, J. 2009. Marketing behaviour of cotton farmers in Warangal District of Andhra Pradesh. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis. Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India.
[6]. Gopinath, M. 2005. Knowledge and adoption of Bengalgram farmers in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis. Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India.
[7]. Madhushekar, B.R. 2009. A study on marketing behaviour of chilli growers in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis. Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India.
[8]. Meena, M.S. 2010. Socio-economic study of organic farming in irrigated North Western Plain zone of Rajasthan. Agricultural Science Digest. 30: 94-97.
[9]. Nagabhushana, K.B. 2007. Farm performance of potato cultivators of Hassan district in Karnataka. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis. Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India.
[10]. Prasad, S.V. 1997. A critical analysis of diffusion and adoption of production recommendations of rainfed castor in Nalgonda district of Andhra Pradesh. Ph. D Thesis. Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, India.

Abstract: Environmental issues are not new in Malaysia. These issues are always associated with society because of there is lack of civic mindedness among certain quarters of the Malaysian society. Therefore, it is very important to enhance society awareness and understanding towards the importance of preserving and conserving the environment. In this era of globalisation, Facebook that triggers worldwide phenomenon is considered as the most popular communication medium and widely used by Malaysians. As of November 2012, the number of Malaysians who use Facebook was 13,461,860. Considering the huge number of Facebook users in Malaysia, it is very important for ENGOs to use Facebook as a delivery medium of information in disseminating environmental messages to the society. With regard to this study, it was conducted to investigate the role of Facebook in helping ENGO to disseminate environmental messages to society, to identify the effectiveness of two way communication between ENGOs and society through Facebook and to gauge the effectiveness of Facebook in delivering environmental messages to society. This study employed face-to-face indepth interviews in order to get the insight from 12 ENGOs'. The data was analysed using thematic analysis. The findings of this study indicate that, the effectiveness of Facebook in disseminating environmental messages to society relies on several factors such as the target audiences identified by ENGOs, ENGOs' objectives and purposes as well as the number of people that 'like' ENGOs' Facebook pages .

Keywords: Environment, Environmental Non-Governmental Organisation (ENGO), Facebook, Society, Thematic Analysis.

[1] Juliana, A.W. and Nur 'Aainaa, Z., Public understanding towards environmental issues: a study on Malaysian television audience, in Hamidah, A.H., Azman, A.A., Jamilah, A. & Nik Norma, N.H. (Ed.), Communication and environment: sustainability and risks (Penang: Penerbit USM) 136-162.
[2] Jamilah, A, Hasrina, M., Hamidah, A.H. and Juliana, A.W., Pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan masyarakat Malaysia terhadap isu alam sekitar, Jurnal Akademika, 81(3), 2011, 103-115.
[3] Adnan, H., Nik Norma, N.H and Azlan, A.R., River discourses in Malaysia: the case of Kinabatangan, Batu Pahat and Juru, in Hamidah, A.H., Azman, A.A., Jamilah, A. and Nik Norma, N.H. (Ed.), Communication and environment: sustainability and risks (Penang: Penerbit USM, 2012) 199-221.
[4] Osbaldiston, R. and Schott, J.P., Environmental sustainability and behavioural science: Meta-analysis of proenvironmental behaviour experiments, Journal of Environment and Behaviour, 44(2), 2012, 257–299.
[5] Zul Azmi, Y. and Zailan, M., Hak asasi manusia (Human Rights) dalam menangani krisis alam sekitar: Perspektif Seyyed Hossein Nasr, International Journal of Islamic Thought, 2, 2012, 80-90.
[6] Birsen, H. and Birsen, O., How has environmental news coverage changed, in Hamidah, A.H., Azman, A.A., Jamilah, A. and Nik Norma, N.H. (Ed.), Communication and environment: sustainability and risks (Penang: Penerbit USM, 2012) 39-49.
[7] Rohani, H., Mariani, A.A, Mohamad, M.Y., Kamaliah, S., Ramli, M., Adnan, H. and W, C.J., The environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) in Malaysia Northern Region: their roles in protecting water resources, International NGO Journal, 5(7), 2010, 167-170.

Abstract: There is overwhelming evidence that male circumcision reduces the transmission of HIV in heterosexual males. This study assesses the attitude of university students towards male circumcision (MC). The study targeted both the male and female students at Midlands State University. A random sampling technique was used to select the participants. Six hundred and sixteen students (408 males and 208 females) from all the university faculties participated in the study. The study established that in principle the students have a generally more positive attitude towards MC as evidenced by 84% of the participants who were in favour of it. However of all the male participants who took part in the study only 20% were circumcised. Half of the remaining 80% were prepared to get circumcised. One quarter of the remainder needed time to think about it and the other quarter were against it. One hundred percent of the participants cited fear of pain as the most probable hindrance to MC. Eighty percent cited reduction in sexual pleasure as another problem to MC. The overall conclusion drawn from this study was that circumcision could be the way forward in the reduction of HIV transmission in heterosexual partners despite the negative issues that are associated with it. This study also established that as long as MC is correlated with HIV/AIDS it will take long to gain the ground since people still have the fear and stigma associated with HIV testing. However this study recommends that male circumcision be tackled as an independent entity without being associated with HIV/AIDS and that testing for HIV should not be a precondition for circumcision.

Key Words: Male circumcision, HIV, university students, attitude, heterosexual

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[3]. Auvert, B.,Taijaard, D., Lagarde, E., Sobngwi-Tambekou, J., Sitta, R. and Puren, A. (2006). A randomized controlled intervention trial of male circumcision for reduction of HIV infection risk: the ANRS 1265 Trial PLos Med 2005
[4]. Bailey, R., Moses, S., Parker, C., Agot, K., Maclean, I., Krieger, J. and Ndinya, J. (2007). Male circumcision for reduction of HIV infectioin risk: The ANRS 1265 trial PloS Medecine 2, 1112-1122.
[5]. Gray, R., Kigozi, G., Serwadda, D., Makumbi, F., Watya, S., Nalugoda, F. and Wawer, M. J. (2007). Male circumcision for HIV prevention in men in Rakai Uganda: A Randomised trial Lancet, 369 657-666
[6]. Gomo, T. (2012) Male Circumcision. Newsday 15 April 2012 issue, Harare
[7]. Martin, L. and Alexander, P. (2006). Reeponses to HIV/AIDS in South Africa's Tertiary Institutions: Policy Practice and short comings for Sociological Research. Rand Afrikaans University http:/www.uj.ac.zw accessed 28 May 2012
[8]. Mateveke, P., Mashoko, D. And Mateveke A. (2012). Perceptions of people towards male circumcision as a technical method to reduce HIV and AIDS infection in Masvingo District of Zimbabwe. Journal of AIDS and HIV Research 4 (11):284-255
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Abstract: In the present study an attempt was made to study the practical skills among institutionalized children in greater Guwahati area. The sample consisted of 100 students (50 male and 50 female) taken from various institutions situated in Guwahati, the capital of Assam state. For this study Pass Along Test by Alexander was used. Their age ranges between the age group of 9 to 11 years. In this study the practical skill of the male students are found to be high than their female counterparts.

Key words: Guwahati, Institutionalised children, practical- skill

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Abstract: Leadership is at the centre of the successes and failures of corporate organization world-wide. In this paper, leadership is at the centre of corporate failures as exemplified by the failure of some banks and corporations in Nigeria. To avert failure occurrence, this paper recommends that regulatory agencies, Professional Associations/Bodies and Audit firms should be alive to their responsibilities by raising alarm before the harm is done, and where a corporate leader has failed as a result of his/her personal or selfish dealings, an appropriate commensurate punishment should be meted out to him or her, to serve as a deterrent. The analysis of this paper would be through the use of some secondary sources relevant to the theme of this paper.

Keywords: Corporate Governance,Accountabilty,Leadership failure, Nigeria

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Abstract: This study investigated the impact of job insecurity, role perception and self efficacy on banker's affective wellbeing. Survey research redesign and quota sampling technique were adopted in this study. 250 male and female bankers participated while data was collected from using a validated questionnaire form. Two hypotheses were tested and results showed that role perception, job insecurity and self efficacy jointly predicted affective wellbeing (F (3,202) = 16.08; P< .05); self efficacy is the most independent predictor of affective wellbeing (β= .29; t=4.16; P<.05); role perception (β= .22; t= 3.41; P<.05) also predicted affective wellbeing while job insecurity (β= .01; t= 0.21; P>.05) did not. However, results indicated that age, gender, years of experience and organizational tenure did not either jointly or independently predict affective wellbeing. Hence, it was recommended that managers in the banking sector should pay adequate attention to the salient psychological factor of job insecurity, role perception and self-efficacy of employees and ensure that they are well trained and sensitized on the necessity of putting on a high level of confidence in handling work-life situations, ascertain permanent employment status and enhance the positive perception of bankers as this positively increases their well-being. Keywords: Affective Wellbeing, Bankers, Job Insecurity, Role Perception, Self-Efficacy.

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Abstract: Many people in Saudi Arabia are living with different kinds of disability including learning disability.This number is growing andincreasinglyirritatingasaresultofthe increasingnumberoftrafficaccidentsand the fast advances in technology which increases the learning disabilities. These challengingproblems cannot be faced without proper planning, endorsement of special disability development projects, conducting edge cutting researches on disability and utilizing the modern technologies to collect, record, retrieve and share all the disability data of the different Saudi region. Thus the overall objectives of this article are to provide basic information on disability problems in Saudi Arabia to help service providers to plan, design and execute proper services for the disabled welfare in thefuture.

Key words: disability, models, management, development.

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Abstract: The question of Indian unity has never been settled beyond all differences and disputations. We have no culturally homogeneous, dominant and majority ethnic and religious group that could both dominate as well as effectively claim to represent all Indians. Group rights act as the regulatory devices for the accommodation of differences. From egalitarian view of justice minority groups have a moral justification for demanding cultural rights, which is the structure for belongingness. Many liberals call for greater tolerance of minority groups. Indian democracy is not consociational, but has adopted consociational devices for dealing with diverse conflicts within society. It has sometimes proved possible for various political parties (multiethnic) to co-operate, form coalitions after elections and even before that and reach agreements on controversial matters affecting the cultural and group rights.

Key words: Consociationalism. Accommodation. Autonomy. Nation-building. Governmentality. Multiculturalism. Deliberative democracy.

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Abstract: The paper was to investigate the role the micro financial instititutions(MFIs)play in assisting small and medium enterprises(SMEs) grow in Kisii Town. The specific objectives were: To establish the role of credit provision on growth of SMEs in Kisii Town, to determine the role of training offered by MFIs in helping the SMEs to grow and role of savings account from MFIs on growth of SMEs in Kisii Town. From the sampling frame a representative sample of 100 respondents were obtained randomly and a survey was conducted on this sample using structured interview schedules. Data from the respondents was analyzed and translated into useful information using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) . Frequency distributions were used to draw conclusions. The study established that most of the businesses obtained credit from MFIs. The study revealed that savings account offered by micro financials assist the enterpreneurs in developing a culture of saving. The survey established that accessibility of training is positively related to growth of SMEs. The study concludes that provision of credit amd training and a cheap savings account helps the growth of SMEs. The study recommends that the government and MFIs to make credit easly available and affordable to the SMEs for them to grow. The study also recommends for accessible financial training from MFIsto influence growth of SMEs. The research further recommends for affordable saving account for savings to avoid dependence of MFIs for their growth.

Key Terms: Growth, Enterprise,Entrepreneur; Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs),Training,

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