IOSR-JHSS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-2 ~ Nov-Dec-2013

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Crime and Punishments among the Goemai: A Preliminary Survey of Traditional Judicial Practices in North Central Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Jonah, Changwak Emmanuel
	:	10.9790/0837-1820105

Abstract: The paper examines the pre-colonial judicial practices among the Goemai of North Central Nigeria. It discusses their traditional methods of adjudicating crimes and punishment within the context of what constitute crimes against the laws of the land. From the analysis, the paper suggests that their pre-colonial system of ascertaining rights and wrongs were predicated upon the principle of fair hearing and administration of justice. It was upon this system of administration of justice that the present day customary laws were based. The paper derives inspiration from a variety of sources synthesized from published books, dissertations and theses, supplemented by oral accounts.

Keywords: Crime, punishment, Goemai, Judicial, North Central Nigeria

[1]. Patrick D.D, "Aspect of the Geography of Central Nigeria Area" In A.A Idrees, Y.A Ochefu (edited), Studies in the History of Central Nigeria Vol 1 (Lagos:CSS Limited;2002) p.3
[2]. Patrick D.D, "Aspect of the Geography of Central Nigeria Area" In A.A Idrees, Y.A Ochefu (edited), Studies in the History of Central Nigeria Vol 1 (Lagos:CSS Limited;2002) p.3
[3]. B.F Bawa, "Traditional Authority among the Goemail Speaking group of the Plateau State: A study of the Changing role and Power from pre-colonial period to Present" M.A Dissertation, University of Maiduguri. 1984. P.1
[4]. B.F Bawa, "Traditional Authority among the Goemail Speaking group of the Plateau State: A study of the Changing role and Power from pre-colonial period to Present" M.A Dissertation, University of Maiduguri. 1984. P.1
[5]. Bi-Geoniang is the Goemai version of crime. It encompasses all activities and action that the societies frowned at and are punishable by the law of the land.
[6]. Oral interview with Longzem Shikbit, 50 years, 18th April, 2009.
[7]. Oral interview with Sabo Lumi, 69 years, 21st April, 2009.
[8]. Oral interview with Sabo Lumi, 69 years, 21st April, 2009.
[9]. Oral interview with Longmaar Shindwar 70 years, 14th April, 2009.
[10]. Oral interview with J.S, Madugu 72years, 26st August, 2009.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Prosodic Features of East Acehnese Dialect Based on Age Factor: An Experimental Phonetic Study
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	Rohani Ganie, T. Syarfina, T. Silvana Sinar
	:	10.9790/0837-1820616

Abstract: This study analyzed the prosodic features of East Acehnese dialect speech act, based on age factor of the speaker through Acoustic Phonetic Theory by using Praat Program. The target of this study was the directive speech in the form of command and offer. The findings of this study is that the speech tone of directive speech kapurono seudati ke jih based on basic tone, final tone, high tone, low tone, and temporal duration, uttered by the teenage informant is higher than that uttered by the adult informant. On the contrary , the speech tone of directive sentence tagun keumamah ke lon siat based on basic tone, final tone, low tone, and temporal duration, uttered by the adult informant is higher than that uttered by the teenage informant. Only in high tone, the speech tone uttered by the adult informant is lower than that uttered by the teenage informant. The duration of utterance uttered by teenage informant is longer than that uttered by the adult informant.

Keywords: Acehnese, accoustic phonetics, directive speech, duration prosodic features

[1] J.L. Austin, How to do things with words (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1962).
[2] Ibrahim Makam and M. Adnan Hanafiah, Struktur bahasa Aceh (Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 1984).
[3] Zaini Ali, Sistem morfologi kata kerja bahasa Aceh (Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan,1983)
[4] Budiman Sulaiman, Struktur bahasa Aceh: morfologi dan sintaksis (Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 1983).
[5] Isda Pramuniati, Strategi tindak tutur dan kepekaan pragmatik melarang dalam bahasa Aceh dialek Aceh utara, doctoral dissertation, SPS Linguistik USU, Medan, 2009.
[6] Ridwan Hanafiah, Pemilihan bahasa dan sikap bahasa dalam komunikasi politik oleh partai politik lokal di pemerintahan Aceh, doctoral dissertation, SPS Linguistik USU, Medan, 2011.
[7] M.A.K. Halliday, An introduction to functional grammar, 3d ed (London: Arnold, 2004).
[8] Ilse Lehiste, Suprasegmentals (Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1970).
[9] Katrina Hayward, Experimental phonetics (London: Pearson Education Limited, 2000).
[10] J.‟t Hart, R. Collier, and A. Cohen, A perceptual study of intonation: an experimental-phonetic approach to speech melody (New York: Cambride University Press, 1990).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The caste - tribe conundrum: Ivory tower bureaucracy and the manufactured controversies
Country	:	India
Authors	:	V. S. Ramamurthy, M. D. Narayanamurthy
	:	10.9790/0837-1821740

Abstract: The reservation scheme for Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) in India is deficient in terms of the lack of accurate information about each community giving a hand of arbitrariness to a section of bureaucracy who interpret the current lifestyle of some communities and arrive at wrong conclusion. The pre-conceived notion such as the skin complexion, the stature, the shape of the nose, the food habits and style of worship are being paraded to deny benefit to some communities given by the Indian constitution. An important consequence is that the beneficiaries are subjected to prejudiced enquiries, the threat of arrest, criminal prosecution and dismissal from the job. It is important to remember that a tribe is not deemed to be included in the scheduled tribe list on the basis of the community being a tribe alone but it has to fulfill the requirement of social, educational and economic backwardness. Several communities in the ST list may not fulfill the later day definition of tribes. In this sense many communities have attributes that are hardly conforming to such a definition of 'a tribe'. The need of the hour is a pragmatic approach and a reappraisal of the notions that takes into account the overall development of Indian Society. In order to remove the arbitrariness in defining the characteristics that raises question about the inclusion of certain communities, it is suggested that a new category may be introduced by a reworking of the SC and ST quota.

Keywords: Maleru and Maaleru, real and imaginary communities, Scheduled Tribes

[1] The Constitution (SCs) Order, 1950 & the Constitution (STs) Order,1950 [2] NCST report on Maleru community, 2005

[3] Supreme Court Judgment of Kumari Madhuri Patil, 1994

[4] Manjunatha B.R., and Annapurna M., 2012, Antrocom Online Journal of Anthropology,Vo1.8, No.2, pp.421-427

[5] A.Mitra, 2007, The Journal of Socio-Economics- Article in Press, Elsevier Publication

[6] Gurajart High Court Judgment for Citation about Baxi Commission Report, 1987

[7] B.B.Kumar; http://www.asthabharati.org/Dia_July99/bbk.htm

[8] Letter of Ministry of Home Affairs with Ethnographic note on Maleru community, 1984

[9] Letter by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Govt of India dated.21st October 2013

[10] Karnataka High Court Judgment of N.Chandrika, 1985

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Reward Systems as Determinant Of Talent Management in Public Universities in Kenya
Country	:	Kenya
Authors	:	Prof. R. W. Gakure, Alice Wangui Kamau, Dr. A. G. Waititu
	:	10.9790/0837-1824147

Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether reward systems influence talent management in public universities in Kenya. Literature has revealed that on one hand talent management has taken a slow pace or has lacked in institutions of higher education compared to the private sector on the other hand studies have established that reward systems in public institutions do not match the private sector. The sample was n=249 from public universities in Kenya. Factor analysis revealed a determinant of 0.144; Bartlett's test was significant p<0.05 with KMO value of 0.759. Factor analysis revealed one item with a loading value below 0.4 as recommended by Pallant, (2005); hence this item was eliminated in the analysis; all other remaining components were retained for analysis. The data had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.764; hence the 8 items extracted were determined to be reliable. Data analysis revealed a strong positive relationship (r (249) = 0.529, p-value < 0.05) indicating a significant linear relationship between reward systems and talent management. Keywords: Reward system, Talent Management, Kenyan Public Universities, Institutions of Higher Education