IOSR-JHSS   Volume-1 ~ Issue-3 ~ Sep-Oct-2012

Abstract: This research work is situated at the evidence that a vast percentage of Nigerians resent political participation, abandoning the political process entirely to the political elites, their social and business backers. The situation sees the continual erosion of the social contract and to be apt democratic deficit. To this extent, leadership descends to self-service, policy clueless, corrupt, and developmentally deficient; in fact a social burden. Nonetheless, the bye product of the critical exercise of citizenship is nothing but good governance; therefore it is of moment to infuse a new paradigm into Nigerian political perception – equating both followership and leadership on equal pedestal on Nigerian polity; deficit which equals 'de-development'. However, toeing the line of political democracy and its classicalist implications, the continuous renewal of the social contract is just but necessary by all citizenry and in all strata of the society, through active participation. 'Democratic intermediators' – civil society, political parties, and religious organisations as well as academic institutions should fine-tune themselves playing the significant role of mobilization towards political transformation vis-a-vis development.
Keywords: Critical citizenry, Development, Democracy, Democratic Deficit, Good governance

[1]. D. Beetham, Conditions for democratic consolidation, Review of African Political Economy No.60, 1994, 157-172
[2]. UNDP Report, 1999
[3]. S. B. Oluwole, Democracy and indigenous governance: the Nigerian experience, in J. O. Oguejiofor (Ed.), Philosophy, democracy and responsible governance in Africa, (New Brunswick and London: Transaction Publishers 2003). 419-430
[4]. L. O. Imade, Democratizing democracy In Nigeria: the role of civil society organizations, Retrieved from, http://Jsda/spring2001/articlespdf/ARC%20%20DEMOCRATIZING%20DEMOCRACY%20IN%20NIGERIA.pdf, on 11th January, 2012
[5]. J. A. Schumpeter, Capitalism, socialism, and democracy. 2nd ed. (New York: Harper & Brothers 1947)
[6]. R. Dahl, Democracy and its critics, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989).
[7]. I. K. R. Popper, The open society and its enemies, (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1945)
[8]. A. D. Aina, Party and electoral politics, in A. A. B. Agbaje, L. Diamond. and E. Onwudiwe, (Eds). Nigeria's struggle for democracy and good governance. (Ibadan: University Press, 2004)
[9]. O. I. Albert, Pinched, ditched or jinxed? the mantra of African solutions to African problems, An inaugural lecture delivered at the University of Ibadan, Thursday, 3rd February, 2011.
[10]. W. Soyinka, Nigeria: the mistake of 1914, Tempo, Lagos, April 12, 2000

Abstract: Education is the foundation of the entire structure of the nation as it is not concerned with any group or class, but has a direct influence on the entire population of the country. Education is an important factor in creating social order and is founded on certain essential values. Education of exceptional children is a challenging field. A disability is any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in a manner or within the range considered normal for a human being, resulting from any impairment. Disability comes in many forms like hearing, visual, orthopedic, mental and learning.

[1.] Chintamanikar, ―Exceptional Children their Psychology and Education‖, Sterling Publishers Pvt Ltd, 1994
[2.] Jagannatha Mohnthya, ―Human Rights Education‖, Deep and Deep Publications Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 2000
[3.] Lydia Fernandes, Anandi, A.Shashikala, ―Trends In Modern Education‖, Vijaylakshmi Prakashna, Mysore, 2003
[4.] Panda K.C., ―Education of Exceptional Children‖, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi, 1997
[5.] Saha B.K. ―Education of Exceptional‖, Kalyani Publication, New Delhi, 1993
[6.] Hayhoe, Simon ―Arts, culture and blindness: studies of blind students in the visual arts". Cambria Press, Youngstown, 2008
[7.] Ruby Ryles ―Research Study: Early Braille Education Vital‖, The Spring, edition of HumanWare's publication,1998
[8.] International Council of Ophthalmology. "International Standards: Visual Standards — Aspects and Ranges of Vision Loss with Emphasis on Population Surveys." April 2002.
[9.] Koestler, F. A. ―The unseen minority: a social history of blindness in the United States‖. New York: David McKay, 1976
[10.] Al-Merjan, JI; Pandova, MG; Al-Ghanim, M; Al-Wayel, A; Al-Mutairi, S, "Registered blindness and low vision in Kuwait". Ophthalmic epidemiology 12 (4): 251–7. doi: PMID 16033746.2005

Abstract: Compassion, love and emotions that are empathetic in nature form the crux of all work written by both Tennessee Williams as well as Rabindranath Tagore. A very deep understanding of the human nature coupled with an extraordinary theological bend is the characteristic of both their works. Half a century apart and born millions of miles distant to different religions, cultures as well as backgrounds, these two artistically gifted individuals have a twain that meets which tries to define the very nature of human existence the way it is. The variance in cultures or religion does not stop them from asking the same questions, looking for the answers to the riddle of human reality, the subtlety of the rhythms in appreciation of God and the deeper knowledge of the difference between good and evil. Just like Williams, Tagore never lost faith in God. He had conceived of a personal God, his life‟s God (Jiban-devata), in "Gitanjali‟. Then again, in the last years of his life, Tagore was to sing in praise of God in man, the Supreme Man.
Keywords: Anthropomorphic, Biraha, God of Love, God of Wrath, Nature‟s emissary, Nature‟s mockery, Over-soul

[1.] Nancy M. Tischler, Alternate critical perspective: religious/theological interpretation, student companion to Tennessee Williams (London: Greenwood Press Westport, 2000) 134.
[2.] Gregory P. Rich, Rabindranath Tagore and the problem of evil, in Roma Dutta and Clinton Seely (Ed.), Celebrating Tagore (New Delhi: Allied Publishers Private Limited, 2009) 194.
[3.] Tischler, Student Companion, 136.
[4.] Tischler, Student Companion, 137.
[5.] Gilbert Debusscher, Tennessee Williams: lives of the saints: a playwright‟s obliquity, in Stephen S. Stanton (Ed.), Tennessee Williams: a collection of critical essays (New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1977) 149.
[6.] Thomas P. Adler, The search for god in the plays of Tennessee Williams, in Stephen S. Stanton (Ed.), Tennessee Williams: a collection of critical essays (New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1977) 140.
[7.] Kedar N. Tiwari, Basic presuppositions of morality: classical Indian ethical thought (Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1998) 141.
[8.] Abu S. Ayyub, Nature‟s revenge and sacrifice: Tagore‟s quest (Calcutta: Papyrus, 1980) 1.
[9.] Ayyub, Tagore‟s Quest, 14.
[10.] Ayyub, Tagore‟s Quest, 15.

Abstract: This article intends to discern the hardships faced by a communal contemporary society throughout the country, predominantly in India, as they take part in superior roles like political, financial and community development. It accentuates the status and endorsement of the Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) for providing their support in the sustainable development of the society in a drive to ascertain the means by which the service organizations deal with the plentiful snags endured by the modern-day society. Therefore, it has been proposed that solidifying NGOs can surely hone sustainable growth.
Key words: Modern-day, NGOs, Snags, Solidifying, Sustainable development.

[1]. Dudley Poston.L. Jr. and Leon Bouvier.F (2010), Population and Society: An Introduction to Demography, Cambridge niversity Press, New York, U.S.A.
[2]. Devasia.V.V, Ajith Kumar (2009), Social Work Concerns and Challenges in the 21st century, A.P.H.Publishing Corporation, New Delhi , India
[3]. Dr.Agnihotri.V.K. (2002), Socio-Economic Profile of Rural India, Concept Publication Company, New Delhi, India.
[4]. Peter Roland deSowya (2000), Contemporary India-Transitions, Sage publications, New Delhi, India.
[5]. SeemanthiniNiranjana, (2001) Gender and Space, Sage Publications India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India.
[6]. Tandon R.K. (1998) Status of Women in Contemporary World, Commonwealth Publishers, New Delhi, India.
[7]. DevidasMulley.M. (1987), Rural Development-Administration, Problems and Prospects, Chugh Publications, Allahabad, India.
[8]. Ruth Moore (1975), Man in the environment, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, India.
[9]. Bhatnagar. C.P. (1971), The Crisis of Indian Society, National Publishing House, New Delhi, India.
[10]. Dr. VivekRajan Bhattacharya (1971), Challenge of Village India, Metropolitan Book Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India.

Abstract: The constitution of India recognizes the Government responsibility for health and states that "The state shall regard the raising of the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people and the improvement of public health as among its primary duties". The preamble of to the WHO constitution states: "The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic and social condition". Srabanti Mukherjee (2010) describes the unless one is fobbed off by the displays of hi-tech medical care and use of state of the art medical technologies in five star deluxe facilities of a few select urban centre's, the tale of utter helplessness and callous carelessness is so apparent that it is now frequently taken as a matter of course. The blatantly paradoxical spectacle of buying and selling of health improvements as consumer goods by the well off minority in the metros on the one hand and the denial of basic health facilities to the vast majority of the rural population along the length and breadth of the country on the other hardly evokes any comment. The access to healthy living conditions and access to quality health care for all citizens are not only the basic human rights, but also essential prerequisites for socio-economic development. A large section of the poor avoids treatment due to extreme poverty. Apart from poverty, there are other factors responsible for limited access to health care like availability of health care infrastructure and work force. In addition to these, some social and psychological factors of the rural populace are also responsible for avoiding health care.
Keywords: WHO, Health Care, NRHM, Thoubal District.

Journal Papers:
[1] Journal, Health Policy & Planning May 2011, London.
[2] Newsletter NRHM, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, GOI, Delhi.
[3] Newsletter NRHM, State Health Society, Manipur.
[4] Prabhavathy.P & Dr.S.N.Mahalakshmi, ELT with specific regard to Humanistic Approach, ISSN: 2279-0845 Volume 1, Issue 1 (July-August 2012), PP 38-39
[5] Sanjukta Ghosh, Planning For Baruipur District Headquarters – A Future Growth Node in the Kolkata Metropolitan Area By 2025, ISSN: 2279-0845 Volume 1, Issue 1 (July-August 2012), PP 09-13.
Reports:
[6] MOBC, Survey Report for Meitei Pangal, DIPR, Imphal, 2004.
[7] Prime Minister Office, Report on the Social, Economic & Educational status of the Muslim Community of India, New Delhi, 9th March 2005.
[8] Sachar Committee, Ministry/ Department wise implementation on the follow-up action, New Delhi, 31st March 2010.
Books:
[9] Kumar Avanish, Human Right to Health, Satyam Law International, New Delhi, 2007.
[10] Sarkar Ashok Kumar, NGOs the new lexicon of Health Care, Concept Publishing.

Abstract: The present research was taken up with broad objective to study the marital adjustment, mental health and frustration reactions males and females of middle age from Delhi, India. The sample comprised of 150 males and 150 females (n=300) which are bank employees, doctors and lecturers, within the age range of 40-55 years from Delhi, India. It was seen that Females showed high level of recreational adjustment as compared to males but males were having better group oriented attitude than females.
Keywords: India, Marital adjustment, Mental health, Frustration Reaction, Middle age.

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Abstract:This study aimed at identifying the effect of domestic violence on speech and pronunciation disorders concerning children at the basic stage of education at Ajloun governorate in Jordan. To achieve the study aims the researchers used the Student File as a searching tools Form, and scale of domestic violence (Processing research) for this case study. The study sample consisted of (20) children, (10) males, and (10) females. The study revealed that:
1. Parents use neglect violence and emotional violence to their children.
2. Parents punish their children when they s peak mordant words.
3. Parents are very shame to present their children to the guests who visit them.
4. There are significant differences between the performance on a scale of domestic violence and its semantics according to the variable of sex at all the domains, in favor of males.
5. There are not significant differences between the means of the performance on a scale of domestic violence and its semantics according to the variable of order of the child in the family at all the domains, except for emotional violence domain in favor of the order of the child in the family (First, Mid and Last).
Keywords- Domestic Violence, Speech and Pronunciation Disorders

[1] I Albilawi, Disorders of speech (Egyptian, Alnahdah Library, Cairo, 2003).
[2] A Alshakhs, Speech disorders and pronunciation (the Golden Pages library, Riyadh, 1997).
[3] G Abu Fakhr, Child Special education (Second edition, Dawoudi Press, Publications of Damascus University, Damascus, 2006).
[4] I. M. Alzoraiqat, Speech and language disorders -diagnosis and treatment (Dar Alfikr, Amman, 2005).
[5] F. M. Alzarrad, Language and speech disorders, and pronunciation (Dar Almarrikh, Riyadh, 1990)
[6] J. A. Ghalib, A study of some environmental and psychological variables associated with the phenomenon of stuttering in speech in children, Unpublished Master Thesis, Graduate Institute of Childhood, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 1998.
[7] A. I. Saleem, The effectiveness of a treatment program in an integrated multi-dimensional treatment of some cases of stammering among a sample of elementary school students, Unpublished Master Thesis, University of Alexandria, Cairo, 2004.
[8] M Alnahhas, The preface of a preventive and a new treatment for disorders of speech and the pronunciation of ordinary people with special needs, The versions of the Egyptian Association for Human Development in collaboration with the International Centre for addresses in Dubai, 2006.
[9] M. A. Joulani, Domestic violence and its relationship to pronunciation and speech disorders, Unpublished research submitted for degree in modern Education, Damascus University, 2007.
[10] M Alkarni, The impact of domestic violence on deviant behavior for preparatory students girls in Makkah, Journal of Educational Sciences, Social and Humanities, 17 (3), 2005, 69-78.