IOSR-JHSS   Volume-2 ~ Issue-1 ~ Sep-Oct-2012

Abstract: This paper examines the implication of over-population and environmental degradation on security in Port-Harcourt with the assumption that the more people seek to survive, the more intense their activities on the environment which leads to degradation. Adopting the human needs theory, it argues that the development in the city attracts people into it and therefore, causing further degradation and pollution. The city is highly populated, and the bulk, mostly unemployed youths turn to violence and crimes having been introduced to political violence by the elites. When such opportunities were no longer there, they sought for ways to make ends meet and thus, got involved in street violence and militancy. It is therefore suggested that the city be decongested by developing other towns and villages outside Port-Harcourt and relocate some of the government ministries and departments; make sporting facilities available in these localities to divert the attention of the youths from violence. The state is also required to gainfully engage the youths and stop using them as political thugs.
Key Words: Population, Environment, Human needs and Security/Insecurity.

[1] Bakut, T.B, The Environment, Peace and Conflict in Africa in Gaya Best (Ed) Peace and Conflict Studies in West Africa. (Ibadan:
Spectrum Books limited 2006).
[2] Goldstein, J.S and Pevehouse J.C, International relations (Boston:Longman publishers, 2009)
[3] Goldstone J.A (2002) "Population and Security: How Demographic change can lead to violent conflict" in Journal of International
affairs, Vol.56,No. 1. New York: Columbia University (www.mafhoum.com)
[4] Hartmann Best (1998) "Population, Environment and Security: a new trinity" in Environment and Urbanisation Vol.10, No. 2
October, 1998.
[5] Kaplan R. (1994), "Redefining Security: The New Global Schism" in Journal of Current History.
[6] Kegley C. W. Jr and Wittkopf E.R, World Politics: Trend and Transformation (New York: St. Martin‟s Press Inc. 1995)
[7] Mingst, K.A, Essentials of International Relations (U.S.A: W.W. Norton and company (2004),
[8] Nna, J.N and Ibaba, S.I (Eds) Crisis and Development in the Niger Delta: SelectedWorks of Kimse Okoko. (Nigeria: University of
Port Harcourt, 2011)
[9] Olaniyi, B, How Rivers Council Was Transformed" in The Nation. Vol.5, No. 1570, Friday, 5 2010 pp.39-40
[10] Russet B. et‟al, World Politics: The Menu choice. (Canada: Wordsworth publishers 2006),

Abstract:The problem with democracy and good governance in Nigeria and the relationship between the people vis-à-vis public office holders is germane to this study. The paper submits that certain indices and provisions of public accountability in the breach than in observance. The research looks at public accountability as enshrined in the Nigerian Constitution is more honoured in Nigeria's Fourth Republic, the context of public accountability and the matters arising from it. The anti-corruption law and sustenance of democracy in Nigeria has also been discussed to clearly understand the rhetorics of Nigerian legal system in relation to affairs of practical governance. The paper concludes that for Nigeria to move forward, the leadership style must be revived to ensure a sustainable subsistence of affairs of state in the 21st century.
Keywords: Accountability,Democracy,Fourth Republic,Leadreship,Sustainability.

1] Abada, I. M. 2004. An Assessment of Public Accountability in Nigeria Under Obasanjo‟s Regime. Enugu: Vantage Pub.
[2] Abdulsalami, A. 1998. Accountability and Policy Making in the Local Government System. Ibadan: Sam Bookman Pub.
[3] Achebe, C. 1983. The Trouble With Nigeria. Enugu: Fourth Dimensions Pub.
[4] Adakai, E. A. 1998. Towards Effective Financial Accountability in Local Government System in Nigeria. Jos: Matchers Pub.
[5] Akpan, N. U. 1982. Public Administration in Nigeria. Lagos: Longman.
[6] Bayley, H. D. 1966. The Efferent of Corruption in a Developing Nation. Western Political quarterly, Vol. 19 (4).
[7] BBC World Service "The President Speaks" Voices in the Dark, January.
[8] Benson, C. 1978. Political Corruption and Accountability in America. Lexington: Lexington Books.
[9] Diamond, L. 2004. Building a System of Comprehensive Accountability to Control Corruption in Agbaje, A. (ed) Nigeria‟s
Struggle for Democracy and Good Governance. Ibadan: Ibadan University Press.
[10] Diya, O. 1994. Corruption and the Military. Tell Magazine, August.

Abstract:Achievement motivation is the acquired tendency and one of the most important social needs. It is a disposition to strive for success in competition with others with some standard of excellence, set by the individual. In physical education teacher training curriculum there is ample scope of rigorous physical activity as well as educational and mental exercise; so the main goal of the present study was to ascertain the impact of this training in development of Achievement Motivation. This one was a longitudinal study carried out through quasi-experimental research design. A sample of 200 B.P.Ed students was chosen from different teacher education institutions of West Bengal by stratified random sampling technique. Deo-Mohan Achievement Motivation Scale (n-Ach) was administered on the sample in three different phases – at the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the session. From the Paired Samples "t" - test it was observed that there was statistically significant increase in the mean of the Sports Achievement Motivation scores from the 1st phase (M = 16.86) to the 2nd phase of testing (M = 17.90) and again to the 3rd phase of testing (M = 18.82). Again, the means of the Total Achievement Motivation scores was statistically significant increase from the 1st phase (M = 158.07) to the 2nd phase of testing (M = 171.06), and again to the 3rd phase of testing (M = 184.07).
Key Words: Motivation, Achievement Motivation, Physical Education Teachers' Training Programme, Quasi-Experimental Research Design,

[1] Newcomb, T.M., Motivation. In Gould . J. and Kolb, W. L. (Ed.),A Dictionary of the Social Sciences. New York: The Free
Press, p. 447-448, 1964.
[2] McClelland, D.C., Atkinson, J.W., Clark, R.A. and Lowell, E.L., The achievement motive, New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts,
1953.
[3] Murray, E.J., Motivation and emotion. Englewood cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1964.
[4] Murray, H., Exploration of Personality. New York: Oxford University Press, 1938.
[5] Atkinson, N., & Permuth-Levine, R., Benefits, Barriers, and Cues to Action of Yoga Practice: A Focus Group Approach.
Manuscript submitted for publication, 2007,
[6] Dweck, C. S., Motivational processes affecting learning. American Psychologist, 41, 1040–1048, 1986.
[7] Nicholls, J. G., Achievement motivation: Conceptions of ability, subjective experience, task choice, and performance.
Psychological Review, 91, 328–346, 1984.
[8] Ames, C., Competitive, cooperative and individualistic goal structures: A cognitive motivational analysis. In C. Ames & R.
Ames (Eds.), Research on motivation in education (Vol. 3, pp. 177–207). New York: Academic Press, 1984.
[9] Adhikari, S., Perfectionist Self-Presentation Style of Prospective General as well as Physical Education Teachers. Indian
Psychological Review, Vol. 71, No. Special Issue, 2008.
[10] Adhikari, S., Impact of Physical Education Teachers Training Programme on Experience of Purpose of Life. Indian
Psychological Review, Vol. 74 No. 2 Yr., 2010

Abstract: Globalization has resulted in multi-cultural and diverse workforces across the globe. Diversity in a workplace increases adaptability amongst employees; different talents of various individuals have become great resources, which also result in a pool of unique contributions. As a diverse genders and culture comes together, it provides a spectrum of viewpoints to meet objectives and accomplish goals. Thus diverse work force is an environment where people accept differences rather than deny them. If we pay attention to gender differences, we just might untangle the gender communications knots and get the job done faster and make working environment hassle free. Successful organizations need to create effective communication within a diverse workforce. In order to do so, it is necessary to focus on the gender differences in communication patterns. Overlooking the differences between the two gender roles can cause confusion and biases thus consequently having a negative impact on the overall organizational performance. However, gender issues arising from misunderstanding could be reduced within the organization by establishing equilibrium between men and women. The only way to have a healthy working atmosphere within an organization is to identify the differences and find ways to bridge the communication gulf between the sexes. Through two quizzes an attempt has been made in this work to explore different approaches followed by male and female associates to communicate in an organization.

[1] Women and Men by Sophie Hahn and Anne Litwin Published in Managing in the Age of Change: Essential Skills to Manage
Today's Workforce, Roger A. Ritvo, Anne Litwin, and Lee Butler, editors, Burr Ridge, Illinois: IRWIN Professional Publishing,
1995 p.98.
[2] Martha Barletta to Nancy Clark in "Women's Media'.
[3] Deborah Tannen. (1991), How to Close the Communication Gap between Men and Women, article from McCall's May, v. 118, n8,
p.100.
[4] Deborah Tannen. (1991), How to Close the Communication Gap between Men and Women, article from McCall's May, v. 118, n8,
p.97.
[5] Deborah Tannen. (1991), How to Close the Communication Gap between Men and Women, article from McCall's May, v. 118, n8,
p.100.
[6] Warren Farrell, Why Men Are the Way They Are, New York: The Barkley Publishing Group, 1988 p.235.

Abstract:Freedom of Expression is an issue much talked about specially in conflict situations. Studies have been done on whether people can defeat the fear and regain the lost right to Freedom of expression. In the Naga case, decades of political struggle with India have made the Naga people to live under suppression from the right to freedom of expression. For many years, voices of political dissent have been silenced by the gun. People cannot voice their opinion freely for fear for their lives. A case in point in newspaper article shows a path in a different direction the society to take. All it took was for a writer who voiced his opinion by following his conscience. Is one conscience enough? Maybe to initiate, but to enjoy the right to freedom of expression, individuals and the public must raise their voice.
Keywords – Freedom of expression and Political opposition, media, opinion, views, freedom expression of idea, regulate freedom of expression; kill an idea, Naga conflict.

1] tntmagazine.in, (2012). NSCN and Freedom of Expression, (Accessed on Aug 27, 2012 )
[2] Chasie, Charles, (2006). Where are Naga People Headed?, Astha Bharati, Dialogue, Volume 7 No. 4 Freedom of expression and
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[4] Solo, Thepfulhouvi, ( 2012 ). The political acumen of the Chief Minister, www.morungexpress.com/Infocus/84383.txt.
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[5] Yhome, Kekhrie, (2012). To kill an idea by killing the author. www.morungexpress.com/Perspective/84778.txt.
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[6] Solo, Thepfulhouvi , (2012). Apropos Thepfulhouvi Solo's write-up and MIP IM rejoinder, The Morung Express.
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[7] Yhome, N Khotuo, (2012). Our great tradition: Freedom of expression, Nagaland Post. (Accessed on 26 Aug. 2012)
[8] Sema, Khekiye K, (2012). Sharing A Thought, The Morung Express. (Accessed on August 24, 2012)
[9] JB Lama, (2012). So much for a truce that continues to foster disagreement, The Statesman. (Accessed on 5 August 2012)
[10] Thepfulhouvi Solo, (2012). Things that deserve appreciation, Nagaland Post. (Accessed on 24 Aug. 2012)

Abstract:A good teaching service of faculty members is the key to success of universities regarding their good product of students. In this research paper our major objective is to find important attributes and their levels of good service of faculty members. We focus on student's choice because service of faculty member plays a vital role on the performance of students. In our case especially we want to investigate student's preferences toward attributes and their levels of service. We collect data from University of Gujrat by using two types of questionnaires. One questionnaire was for Full Profile Conjoint Analysis and other for Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis. Full Profile Conjoint Analysis technique we used four attributes with two levels each. The attributes with their levels are Qualification (MSc/MA and M.Phil/PhD), Teaching Methodology (Verbal & White Board and Multimedia), Lecture Material (Net & Lecture Notes and Books) and Gender (Male and female). From the results of Full Profile Conjoint Analysis we conclude that students give first importance to Qualification, almost same importance to Teaching Methodology and Lecture Material. They give least importance to gender of faculty member. According to our results regarding levels of attributes, student's desire to study from M. Phil. /Ph. D. female faculty member and her teaching methodology should be based on verbal communication and white board and she also provide lecture notes. Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis we use six attributes with three levels of each. The attributes and their levels are qualification (MA/MSc, M.Phil and PhD), Behavior (Normal Behavior, Lenient Behavior and Friendly Behavior), Teaching Experience (1-3 years, 4-6 years and 7 years & above), Teaching Methodology (Multimedia, White Board and Verbal & White Board), Lecture Material (Books, Notes and Net & Notes) and No. of Quizzes (2 Quizzes, 3 Quizzes and 4 Quizzes). From the results of Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis we conclude that attribute "Qualification" is most important in all service attributes. So Qualification of faculty member plays important role for selecting a teacher. Students give second importance to behavior of the teacher with students, third importance to Teaching Methodology, fourth importance to Lecture Material, fifth importance to No. of quizzes and sixth importance to Teaching Experience. Students give preference to M. Phil. faculty member with 4-6 years experience of teaching and they want friendly behavior from their teacher. The teaching methodology should be based on verbal communication and white board. He/she provide lecture notes and take 2 Quizzes.

[1] Aloh, I. L, The role of library in functional literacy education in the society. The Nation Builder, 1988, 50-54.
[2] Nelson, R. J., Dodd, J. M., & Smith, D. J, Faculty attitudes toward to accommodate students with learning disabilities: A
comparison among academic divisions, Journal of Learning Disabilities, 23(3), 1990, 185-189.
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Abstract:Mathematics is an abstract subject and symbol occupies an important position. Students find it difficult to comprehend this subject. There are many failures in mathematics than any other subject. Considering student teacher ratio and heterogeneous group of students in a normal classroom it is very difficult for a teacher to reach to all the students. Hence there is a need of supplement along with classroom teaching. Computer assisted instruction plays very important role in this situation. This paper explains the nature and importance of mathematics and Computer assisted instruction and its importance.
Keywords – Abstract, Computer Assisted Instruction, Heterogeneous Groups, Individualized Instruction,
Special Language

1] NCERT (1971) Education and National Development. Report of the Education Commision1964-66. New Delhi: NCERT
[2] M.E .Patel, Factors Influencing Higher Secondary Students for Selection of Commerce and Rejection of Science Stream in
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Abstract:The adoption of the mobile phone by young people has been a global phenomenon in recent years. It is now an integral part of youngsters' daily lives and is for the majority, the most popular form of electronict, the mobile phone has turned from a technological tool to a social tool. This paper explores the impact of the mobile phone on youth peer relationships, on family relationships and on the< institution.Young people use the mobile phone in positive ways to organize and maintain their social networks. However, there are also negative impacts on young peoples' peer relationships. These can include ostracism and cyber bullying.Demographic toolsare usedto gain insights intohow students value various mobile phone applications and tools.For this purpose a survey has been conducted. We visited five well known colleges of Gujrat city, Fatima Jinnah College, Marghazar College for Women, Government Commerce College for Boys, Gujrat College of Commerce for Girls and Gujrat College of Commerce for Boys and important data has been collected. The data have been analyzed and the results have been discussed.

[1] Ling, R, Adolescent girls and young adult men: Two sub-cultures of the mobile telephone. Kjelier, Telenor Research &
Development (report r 34/2001).
[2] Ling, R, Fashion and vulgarity in the adoption of the mobile telephone among teens in Norway. In L. Fortunati, J. E. Katz and R.
Riccini (Eds.). Mediating the human body: Technology, communication and fashion, 2003, 93-102). Mahway, NJ: Lawrence
Erlbaum.
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Jamieson, J. (2004, November). Txt Me: Supporting disengaged youth using mobile technologies. Australian Flexible Learning
Framework. Retrieved August 15, 2005, from http://www.flexiblelearning.net.au
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Sociological Review, 53, 314-331.
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Abstract:Islam and the West are the two civilisations which have gained importance in the present world Order. The Islam, because of its strategical locations in the middle-east and presence of conflict zones like Palestine and Kashmir. The west, because of its relations with the Muslim countries makes both these civilisations a headline for the global media. The study of the relation between these two civilisations has shaped the curriculum of International Relations (IR) for the IR students worldwide. The relation between the two civilisations has also been debated a lot in hundreds of chat rooms, in TV shows, in newspaper columns, in thousands of websites in Cyberspace, in school debates and workplaces over small issues like face covering and the Danish cartoons of 2006.< John Esposito says that the "two communities, Islam and West, has always been in competition and locked at times in deadly combat, for power, land and souls"1. Across the centuries the fortunes of the two< religions have risen and fallen in sequences of momentous surges, pauses and counter surges2. This work strives to explore west in relation with Islam, with an effort to create the room for dialogue between these two communities. This work also strives to look into these civilisations through the prism of religion.

[1] John. L. Esposito, The Islamic Threat: ,Myth or Reality , New York: Oxford University Press,1992, p.46.
[2] Samuel. P Huntington, the Clash of Civilisations and the Remaking of World Order, Simon and Schuster, 1996, p. 209.
[3] Ibid. p.46.
[4] Abul Hassan Ali Nadwi, Islam and the Modern World, Translated by Dr. Muhammad Asif Kidawi, I.I.F.S.O, 1977, p.119-122
[5] Bertrand Russell, A history of Western Philosophy, London, George Allin and Unwin, 1946, p.304
[6] A.E McGrath, Reformation Thought (An Introduction). Oxford, Basil Black Well, Ltd. 1988, p.303.
[7] Abul Hassan Ali Nadwi, p. 115-117.
[8] Youssef Al-Qardawi, Islam, the Civilisation of the Futurehttp://www.thomasmichel.us/modern-civilization.html
[9] Muhammad Asad, Islam at the Crossroads, Lahore, 1955, p 55-56.
[10] Samuel. P Huntington, p. 45.

Abstract:I would like to thank everything in this universe which is trying to make this place a better place to live. This report is all about "Smile Theory of Everything (SToE)". In this theory the same thing is given in different formats. Keywords: Smile, Religion, GOD, Everything, Human, Earth, Hurrah

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Abstract:The study explores employees‟ perception of emotional after-effects of change prevalent in an organization. Data of 100, at middle level, was collected from business process outsourcing organization, based in India. The Cronbach‟s alpha of the questionnaire was 0.797 & Pearson correlation was 0.896 (p<0.001). The factor analysis of "emotional after-effects of organization change‟ led to the extraction of three factors. These factors were "Ignorance of Discord", "Dichotomy of Visibility" and "Kaleidoscopic Clarity" respectively. The results indicate that these factors give major cues in understanding the inner turmoil of employees at psychological level in the Indian context.
Keywords: Emotional After-Effects, Psychological Factors of Change, Emotional After-effects in Indian Context

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Abstract:Just as there are many cultures within the world, so also are there many practices, beliefs, myths, values, and traditions within each culture. These unique ways of being can often present challenging frames of reference that may prevent a whole perspective from being attained. This essay examines the contextual formation of culture and the fundamentals intricate to the search for universal values. An illumination is also provided upon some of the major and extreme forms of cultural practices that may pose difficulty in achieving
such a goal.

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Abstract:This study empirically examine the impact of international trade on economic growth in Nigeria from 1970-2010. Being a time series data, to avoid spurious regression result, the first step was to test for stationary of the data by using Phillips Peron unit root test. Then Johansen (1988) technique was used to establish if the non-stationary variable are cointegrated. The result of stationary and normality test reveals that the model is fairly well specified and could be used for policy analysis. Empirical investigations reveal that three variables are statistically significant at 5% and these variables are export, foreign direct investment and exchange rate and they are positively related to real GDP while other variables such as import, inflation rate, openness exert a negative influence on real GDP. The study demonstrates that increase participation in global trade helps Nigeria to reap static and dynamic benefit of international trade despite non conformity of the coefficient of the openness. Both international trade volume and trade structure towards high technology export result in positively effect on Nigeria economy. We therefore recommend that the government should design appropriate strategy by diversifying the economy through export promotion, stimulating foreign direct investment and exchange rate stability in order to boost productivity of Nigeria economy by raising the standard of living of the citizens.
Keywords: International t Trade, Economic Growth, Diversification and Openness.

[1] Akerele (2004), "Nigeria‟s Export Trade. Instability and Forecast" J. Development Alternatives and Area Studies. 20:61 -68.
[2] Bankole, A.S and Bankole M.A. (2004), "Industrial Trade and Export Promotion Policies and Revealed Comparative Advantage
in Nigeria‟s Manufactured Export, in Garba.
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Economic Commission for African.
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Abstract:Observations by many many great personalities underscore the penultimate importance, the education commands in modulating human development which is direct index of national growth. But it has undergone artificialisation and metamorphosis in adhering to value system even though it enjoys global standard in its nature & content. Devoid of ethics and value system (Which again is a general phenomenon and not specific to education system alone), almost all Indians armed with highest standard and quality education adroitly camouflage in plundering the national exchequer using the gifted abilities produdly as license to do so. Other pernicious and most debilitating aspect is avoidable and unthinkable emasculation of vernacular education system where majority of Indian kids have their education as a fundamental right enshrined in constitution. Most from these end as school dropout, a part with scholarly potential go on at best to qualify for job like Doctors, Engineers other Govt. & private jobs with some meaning while others simply turn out to be unemployable youth, running from post to pillar in search of Non-existing jobs, frustrated at miserable failure in interviews simply go on to add to social hooliganism which ultimately is objective the education to eradicate. In my accompanying article, I will attempt with comprehensive argument both moral and material decay of education and with free for all no holds bar democratic views, liberty with its need & greed based utility, it is seriously ponderable to even imagine restoration of both moral and material standard of education.
Keyword: Penultimate, artificialisation, provision, debilitating, enshrined, eradicate & restoration.

[1] Article in the English News paper the Telegraph dated 6th February 2012 & 11th September 2012.
[2] Quotes of Greek Philosopher Aristotle, Diogenes Laitius, Mahatma Gandhi, American President Theodore Roosevelt, Benjamin
Disraeli, Chinese Proverbs, Saadi, Stephen.R.Coy, John.W.Gardner, Martin Luther King.
[3] [ The author is the The General Manger , Ganges Jute Private Limited , can be contacted with mobile No +919836572732 and Email Id jkbehera59@gmail.com. The views expressed are of the author himself and are in no way related to the organisation he works for ]

Abstract:The study aimed to examine three factors, namely self-factors, parental and teaching factors, which might affect the learning of the Arabic sounds used in the holy Quran among a group of Malay hearingimpaired children. This cross-sectional study involved fourteen severely and profoundly hearing-impaired children with a cochlear implant, aged between 8 to 15 years old, selected from those attending the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Cochlear Implant Program. The duration of cochlear implant experience was between 5 to 10 years. All subjects used oral communication mode and attended normal mainstream schools. A set of questionnaires was adapted and subjects were interviewed directly to fill up this questionnaire. In addition, the children were also asked to read a surah in the holy Quran and these readings were rated by an expert in the recitation of the Quran. Bivariate Pearson correlation analyses revealed significant positive correlations between self-factors and teaching factors with the reading scores. However, parents' factors were insignificant. Stepwise multiple linear regression showed that self-factors were the only significant predicting factor and contributed about 55.1% of the variance seen in the reading scores suggesting self-factors were most significant to facilitate the learning of the holy Quran among hearing-impaired children with a cochlear implant. .
Keywords - Cochlear implant, parents' factors, Quran learning, self-factors, teaching factors

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Abstract: Historical knowledge is a reflection of the past in all its varied manifestations. This past form historical reality, which exists objectively, irrespective of the consciousness reflecting it and the professional historical knowledge separated out from it. Unlike the reality of nature, reality of society has a number of specific features. In studying social reality man cognises himself above all as an ancestral creature with all the specific manifestations of his nature. He presents the greatest interest to himself in that quality and strives for maximum fulness and all-round knowledge of all the ties, relations, regular and chance elements of his social life. Hence, understandably, the diversity of approaches to social phenomena and social development. In that connection it should be cleared that there is no other path of conscious-self-awareness than historical knowing which itself a substructure of historical consciousness. This work will be done through this research paper.

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