IOSR-JHSS   Volume-2 ~ Issue-6 ~ Sep-Oct-2012

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The modern use of optics design techniques to production visual Art works
Country	:	Egypt
Authors	:	Diaa Ahmed Mohamed Ahmedien
	:	10.9790/0837-0260107

Abstract:In this work, I did my best to reveal the possibility of using laser light to produce the visual art generally and as visual language in particular. Many optical designs have been built by using and controlling the path of laser beam to achieve the target of our work. The main objective of this work is to study the effect of the optical design variables in the formation methods of laser beam to produce visual art. From here we can say that, this research is considered an extension of the close relationship between optics science and art throughout the ages. In addition to these results of this research have become visual language in itself, as a result of using the close relationship between optics science and art in produced it.

[1] NASA, Optics: Light, Color, and Their Uses- an Educator's Guide with Activities in Science and Mathematics Marshall Space
Flight Center-2000, P40:44.
[2] Shaker Abdul-Hamid, the Strangeness in art, the Egyptian General Book Organization, first edition, Cairo, Egypt, 2011, P
133:134.
[3] Benjamin crowell, Optics, light and matter Fullerton, California, edition, 2.1 Rev, 2004, P 22:25.
[4] [4]- Raifah Mkabbant, conservation collaboration between art and Science, pace university, department of chemistry and physical
science, New York, USA, 2000, P 54.
[5] David präkel, photography lighting, Watson-Guptill Publications, USA, 2010, P55-57.
[6] Jonathan benthall, Science and technology in art today, Thames publishing, USA, 2005, P 47.
[7] Mark csele, fundamentals of light source and laser, published by John Wiley & Sons Inc. Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, 2005, P 65.
[8] Grouc.D, laser and material, published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, 2005, P 100.
[9] Harvey's, Optics, tools and material, published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, 2006, P 54
[10] Ophira phonics, laser beam analysis, user guide, new board Corporation brand, UAS, 2012, P21.

Abstract:This research papergives a comprehensive study of the structural forms, decorative designsand inlay work of themiḥrāb, marble fountain and kursi built in the sanctuary of the Faisal MosqueIslamabad. At first inlay work with lapis lazuli on themiḥrābof the mosque is mentioned. Secondly golden metallic inlay decoration of the walls and floor of the marble fountain is explained and lastly the technique is discussed with the reference to the kursi built in the sanctuary of the mosque.The technique is discussed along with knowledge of their historical applications in mosques throughout the Islamic world. The rich selection of geometric designs for these elements is described. Picture and drawings are by the author. The study is accompanied by one picture and six drawings.
Keywords: Fountain, Geometrical Design, Lapislazuli,Miḥrāb,Modern Architecture,Mughal, Stylized Design.

[1] Earnst J.Grube, The world of Islam (New York and Toronto, McGraw Hill, 1966).
[2] Richatd G.Tansey and Fred S.Kleiner, Gardner's art through the ages, 10th ed. (New York, Harcourt Brace CollegePublisher, 1996).
[3] Ibid.
[4] Renata Holod, and Hasan-Uddin Khan, The mosque and modern world (London, Thames and Hudson, 1997).
[5] Martin Frishman and Hasan-Uddin Khan, eds. The mosque (London, Thames and Hudson, 1994).
[6] Godfry Goodwin, History of Ottoman architecture (London, Thames and Hudson, 1971).
[7] Ibid.
[8] Andrew, Petersen, Dictionary of Islamic architecture (London and NewYork, Routledge 1996).
[9] George Michell, ed., Architecture of Islamic world (London, Thames and Hudson, 1978).
[10] R. Nath, Agra and its monumental glory (Bombay, Tarporevala Sons, 1977).

Abstract:Finding a single source of reference for having access to money in the 21st century is as easy as looking at the magician magically turning cards into money. Most of them would not agree with the above statement stating the difficulties faced by the rural India. Has micro finance played the role it was supposed to? This paper tries to validate the facts by providing a multi-dimensional approach to the progress of micro finance particularly in India and abroad. "If we are looking for one single action which will enable the poor to overcome their poverty, I would focus on credit" by Dr. Muhammad Yunus, Grameen Bank's founder truly created unparalleled curiosity in providing micro credit facilities to the poor in the form of group lending across the globe.

[1] The European voice of savings and retail banking (ESBG), September 2007.
[2] Micro Credit and Rural Poverty: An Analysis of Empirical Evidence, Pallavi Chavan , R Ramkumar
[3] Tina Wallace, Review of African Political Economy No.71:35-55, New Development Agendas: Changes in UK NGO Policies & Procedures;
[4] Kavaljit Singh and Daphne Wysham, "Micro-credit: Band-aid or wound?" The Hindustan Times, January 29, 1997.
[5] .
Webliography:
[6] http://banktani.tripod.com/microfinance.htm
[7] http://www.grameeninfo.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=218&Itemid=172&limit=1&limitstart=4
[8] http://profiles-non-profits.suite101.com/article.cfm/wokai_a_chinabased_microfinance_ngo#ixzz0W0OYJkWB
[9] http://www.grameen-info.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=22&Itemid=109
[10] http://www.gdrc.org/icm/model/1-credit-model.html

Abstract: This paper examines the industrial relation in India in the Era of liberalization. The main focus of this study is trends in Intensity of industrial disputes, its causes and the growth of trade unions in India during the year 1992 to 2011.Results indicates that there is satisfactory industrial relation in India, due to the growth of trade union and continuous decline in industrial strikes and lockout during the entire study period.
Keywords: Liberalization, Trend, Intensity, Disputes, Trade Union, lockout.

[1] S. Khurana, Industrial Relations in Private and Public Sector Industry in India: A Comparative Analysis, Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 7(3), January- 1972,411-431.
[2] M. Singh, Industrial Relations in Maharashtra, Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 18(4), April-1983, 549-567.
[3] M. Islam, Industrial Relations in Bangladesh, Indian Journal of Industrial Relations,19(2), October- 1983,161-189.
[4] Gani, Industrial Relations in Jammu and Kashmir, Indian Journal of Industrial Relations, 26(1), July-1990, 53-67
[5] Saha and I. Pan, Industrial Disputes in India: An Empirical Analysis, Economic and Political Weekly, 29(18), April-1994, 1081-1087

Abstract: Normally, his novels were probably very defective, which was why he was at his best artistically in his short stories. All the same, to get his full effect he needed length; and what should be stressed was the intense and complex reality of the world. He fashioned many characters in his novels after his own personality. An attempt has been made to ascertain how far Lawrence made use of his own life to form the material of his novels. Subject matter itself was anti-materialistic, increasingly outspoken in love and sex so he was prolific writer. Lawrence understood that history is not simply a matter of abstract movements, wars, revolutions, monarchies and governments, but that it is made the registered in the practices of everyday personal life. Even in sexual relationship, in the most private and intimate domain of the personal historical changes make their mark. Thus, in 'Women in Love' sexuality, marriage, family, friendship, and also work, education, art and even out relation with animals, all come under the closest of scrutiny, constituting as they do the cherished values of civilization which had thrown itself into mechanized carnage. Lawrence explored the destructive features of contemporary civilization through the evolving relationships of four major characters as they reflect upon the value of the arts, politics, economics, sexual experience, friendship and marriage.

[1] Quoted by R. P. Draper in D. H. Lawrence: The Critical Heritage, Vikas Publication, 1970, page-286
[2] The Complete Plays of D. H. Lawrence, Heinemann, 1965, page- 523.
[3] The Rainbow: D. H. Lawrence (Surjeet Pub. 2001), page-299.
[4] Brenda Maddox, The Married Man: D. H. Lawrence, 1994, page-113-114.
[5] Sons and Lovers: D. H. Lawrence (A Critical Study by Ramji Lal), page-11.
[6] Ibid. page-12.
[7] Quoted in Raghukul Tilak: History of English Literature (Chaucer to the Present day), A Rajhans Publication (XIth ed. 2002-03) page-518.
[8] Sons and Lovers: D. H. Lawrence (A Critical Study by Ramji Lal, 2007) page-526.
[9] Lady Chatterley‟s Lover: Penguin Classics (2006) page-206.
[10] Ibid. page-207.

Abstract: This work evaluated the social impact of tourism development on live of host communities of Osun Oshogbo scared grove in Osun State Nigeria. Social impacts of tourism are basically the consequences of either the development of the tourism industry or the presence of tourists in the destination. These impacts occur as a result of interaction between the host and the tourists. The objectives of the research were to identify the various attractions in the destination, evaluate the ways the destination has affected the social lives of the host communities and to determine how the impacts have affected the sustainability of local social lives of the host communities. Data for this research was generated using qualitative and quantitative techniques. Simple frequency percentages, mean and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) derived from regression analysis were used to analyse the data generated for the study. The findings of the analysis proved that tourism development had significant effect on the social lives of the host communities and tourism development had significant effect on the sustainability of the socio-cultural lives of the host communities. This implies that tourism has a significant effect on the social live and the sustainability of the social live of the host communities. Public participation must be encouraged by tourism developers and planners to ensure the sustainability of tourism development in the community. In conclusion, it is important that standard social frameworks must be established at the development stages to preserve and protect social and cultural values of Nigerian people most especially of the host communities.
Keywords:1.Social, Impact, Tourism, Development and Host community

[1.] Aremu, B. A. (2001). Cultural and Eco-Tourism Development in Nigeria. Ibadan: Hole publications.
[2.] Brunt, P. & Courtney, P. (1999). Host Perception of Socio-Cultural Impacts. Annals of Tourism Research 26 (3): 493-515.
[3.] Cook, R.A., Yale, L. J. & Marqua, J. J. (2006). Tourism: The Business of Travel. 3rd Edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
[4.] Cooper, C., Fletcher, J., Fyall, A., Gilbert, D. & Wanhill, S. (2008). Tourism: Principles and Practice. 4th edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
[5.] Fakiyesi, T. (2008). Economic Acceleration of Nigeria through the Development of Tourism industry. Retrived on 08/08/2010. Available on www.responsibletravel. org/resources
[6.] Holden, A. (2008). Environment and Tourism. 2nd edition. Canada: Routledge.
[7.] Holloway, C. (2006). The Business of Tourism. 7th edition. England: Prentice hall.
[8.] Kreag, G. (2001). The Impacts of Tourism. Retrieved on 16/05/2010. Available on http://www.seagrant.umn.edu/tourism/pdfs/ImpactsTourism.pdf
[9.] United Nations Educational Cultural and Scientific Organisation. (2005). Osun Oshogbo Sacred Grove. Retrieved on 08/08/2010. available on whc.unesco.org /en/list/1118/
[10.] Smith, S. L. (2001).Measuring the Economic Impact of Visitors to Sport Tournament and Special Events. Annals of Tourism Research 28(3) 829-31.

Abstract: This paper presents a relatively new approach to the psychological treatment of individuals with cancer, namely, Belief, Certainty, and Acceptance Therapy (BCAT). This therapeutic approach is a spiritually and religiously treatment that firstly aims at believing on God wills, by making patients sense and feel God's ability to remove the harms from all being. Certainly, this therapeutic approach helps patients realize that when a person is inflicted with harm there is no one to remove it but God. As stated in the holy Quran (6:17) "And if Allah should touch you with adversity, there is no remover of it except Him". This belief come from human faith and their certainty that leads them accept any experience that he/she has no control over, and then take the action that is consistent with these beliefs. This is new therapeutic approach that might help the patients be satisfied with what they have been tested and then strengthen their spiritual coping strategies through accepting the disease and getting desirous toward God.
Keywords: Spirituality, Belief, Acceptance, Religiosity

[1] Amir, N., Foa, E. B., & Coles, M. E. (1998). Negative interpretation bias in social phobia. Behaviour Research Therapy, 36, 945-
[2] Clark, D. M.; Salkovskis, P. M.; Ost, L. G.; Breitholz, K. A.; Koehler, E.; Westling, B. E.; Jeavons, A.; & Gelder, M. G. (1997)\Misinterpretation of body sensations in panic disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 203-213.
[3] Corey, G. (2008). Integrating Spirituality in Counseling Practice. Viewed on 3/4/2012,at http://counselingoutfitters.com/vistas/vistas06/vistas06.25.pdf
[4] Courtesy of Royalty Free Coaching Products. A Guide to Spiritual Healing. Viewed on 16/4/2012, at http://www.lifecoachwebsolutions.com/documents/newspiritualhealingReport.pdf
[5] Espíndula, J. A., Valle, E. R., & Bello, A. A. (2010). Religion and Spirituality: the Perspective of Health Professionals. Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem, 2010 Nov-Dec;18(6):1229-36.
[6] Harvey, J. M.; Richards, J. C.; Dziadosz, T.; & Swindell, A. (1993). Misinterpretation of ambiguous stimuli in panic disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 17, 235-248.
[7] Koenig, H.G.; King, D.A.; & Carson, V.B. (2011).The Handbook of Religion and Health, 2n ed.;Oxford University Press: New York, NY, USA, 2011.
[8] Syed, I. B. (2003). Spiritual medicine in the history of Islamic medicine. Journal of the International Society for the history of Islamic medicine 2, 2003, 45-49.
[9] The Noble Qur'an. Viewed on 16/4/2012 at http://quran.com/
[10] Thune-Boyle, I.C.; Stygall, J.A.; Keshtgar, M.R.; & Newman, S.P. (2006). Do religious/spiritual coping strategies affect illness adjustment in patients with cancer? A systematic review of the literature. Soc. Sci. Med. 2006, 63, 151-164.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the subjective experience of past – life regression (PLR). 15 graduate students underwent PLR facilitated by a trained professional for this purpose. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), the data collected from the interviews with these individuals was analyzed. The participants were able to relate their experiences under trace with their present life scenarios and could find meaning in their experiences. Most participants reported positive effects of the experience and this may have implications for further research and therapy with non- clinical populations.
Keywords: Past – life regression (PLR), Hypnotic trance, Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), Meaning, Experience.

[1] Cunningham, P. F. (2009). An Experimental Investigation of Past – Life Experiences. (Unpublished researchproposal).Retrievedfromhttp://www.rivier.edu/faculty/pcunningham/web/myweb/An_Experimental_Study_of_Past-Life_Experiences_2009.pdf
[2] Christopher, E.J.(2000). Exploring The Effectiveness Of Past- Life Therapy. (Research Paper). Retrieved from http://www.uwstout.edu/static/lib/thesis/2000/2000christophere.pdf
[3] Creswell, J.W. (2003). Philosophical, Paradigm, and Interpretative Frameworks. In Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. Sage Publication Gravitz, M.A. (2002). The Search for Bridey Murphy: Implications for Modern Hypnosis. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis, vol. 45, no. 1, pp 3- 10, American Society of Clinical Hypnosis. Retrieved from http://www.asch.net/portals/0/journallibrary/articles/ajch-45/gravitz.pdf
[4] Jung, C. G. (1940)."The Concept of the Collective Unconscious.‟ Retrieved from http://www.uky.edu/~aubel2/eng104/dreams/pdf/jung-cu.pdf
[5] Knight, Z. (1995). The healing power of the unconscious: how can we understand past - life experiences in psychotherapy?South African Journal of Psychology, Vol. 25, Issue 3 http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=4&hid=119&sid=a186daa2-6c5b-490f-ae67-9201f25ec2f2%40sessionmgr114&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=pbh&AN=33216803
[6] Marquez, A. (1999). Healing Through the Remembrance of the Pre- and Perinatal: A PhenomenologicalInvestigation.Retrievedfromhttp://static.ning.com/holotropicbreathwork/research/marquez1999.pdf
[7] Pasricha, S.K. (1990). Claims of Reincarnation; An Empirical Study of Cases in India. Harman Publishing House, New Delhi.
[8] Spanos, N.P., Menary, E., Gabora, N.J., Dubreuil, S.C. and Dewhirst, B. (1991). Secondary Identity Enactments During Hypnotic Past- Life Regression: A Sociocognitive Perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 61, No. 2, pp 308- 320, American Psychological Association, Inc. Retrieved from http://construct.haifa.ac.il/~ofram/spanos_et_al.pdf
[9] Smith, J.A. (2010). Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.Existential Analysis, Vol. 21, No. 2. SocietyforExistentialAnalysis.Retrievedfromhttp://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?hid=10&sid=7ec573ad-e13f-40c3-a5b3-2126cf6fa54a%40sessionmgr14&vid=1
[10] Smith, J.A. and Osborn, M. (2003).Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. J.A. Smith (ed.), Qualitative Psychology: A Practical Guide to Research Methods, Sage Publications

Abstract: This study empirically examines the pattern of domestic investment during the period under consideration. The study runs from 1970 through 2010. Being a time series data, to avoid spurious regression results. The first step was to test for the stationarity of the data by using Philip – Peron unit root test. Then Johansen (1988) technique was used to established if the non- stationary variable are cointegrated. The result of stationarity and normality test reveals that the model is fairly well specified and could be used for policy analysis. Empirical investigations showed that growth in private investment are best explained by changes in political situation as represented by a dummy variable representing investment climate. The overall measure of macroeconomic instability and political situation serves as an hindrance to private investment. We recommended that there should be a change in the objectives and focus on private sector participation by increasing domestic credit to this sector and as well creating an enabling environment via the provision infrastructural facilities and security.
Keywords: Domestic Private Investment, macroeconomic instability, investment climate, private sector. Paper Type: Research Paper

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