IOSR-JHSS   Volume-3 ~ Issue-2 ~ Sep-Oct-2012

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Characteristics of Environmental Conflicts Caused by Illegal Gold Mining in West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Country	:	Indonesia
Authors	:	Nafsiatun, Priyo Saptomo, Warsun Najib, Hartini
	:	10.9790/0837-0320103

Abstract:Illegal gold mining in West Kalimantan, Indonesia has lasted so long. Based on the survey of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia shows that illegal gold mining area in West Kalimantan spread accros 6 districts, with a mine about 200 point. Illegal gold mining has resulted in damage to the environment of concern. These conditions resulted in vertical and horizontal conflicts that affect people's lives the illegal gold mining area. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of environmental conflicts arising from the illegal gold mining. Research conducted observation is accompanied by an interview in the conflict area. The sample districts selected 3 districts with the highest conflict locations so as to know the character of the conflict in the area.
Keywords: Illegal gold mining, environmental conflicts, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

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9 (2), 2009, 300-3005
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strategic assesman) (Jakarta, Directorate Mineral Resources and Mining, Republic of Indonesia, 2006)
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Cronin, R., and Pandya Amit (Ed.), Exploiting natural resources, (Washington DC : The Henry L. Stimson Center, 2009) 34-46
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Abstract:This paper examined the problems and challenges facing the undergraduate students of the University of Nigeria Nsukka in their use of the digital library of the institution. A sample size of 390 respondents was used, while all seven staff of the digital library in UNN were interviewed. The findings indicated that awareness of the meaning of multi-media is low. The library is being run as an internet café as against the real purpose of a digital/virtual library which should offer virtual access to other libraries, access to e-books among other crucial services. Respondents mentioned slow network as the most important problem, followed by difficulty in reaching needed e-books due to no subscription. Inability to access online books appeared more than power failure as problems. The study recommended that the university administration should show interest in ascertaining the functionality of newly established methods of learning and research to see how well they are going in view of the university's ICT goals and the general ICT policies of Nigeria. The digital library should also regularly renew subscriptions and look for ways to collaborate with other libraries on resource sharing to help students have better and greater access to books stored in other virtual libraries.
Keywords:digital/virtual library, information/communication technology, multi-media, compuer/internet

1] Araba S. and Michelle F. (2009). Literature review on the impact of public access to ICTs, a working paper of the Global Impact
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from httpp.//www.webpages.uidaho.edu /~mbolin/igwe.htmAdomi, E. E. & Anie, S. O. (2006). An assessment of computer
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Abstract:Health is the key concept to human happiness. It has a pronounced impact in both social and economic development of the society. So, for the all-round development process basic health care facility is the essential criteria. Health care system in the district of Birbhum of West Bengal is very far from the level of satisfaction, especially from the infrastructural point of view. Lacking of this facility leads to inconsistency in the development of basic health care system as well as in overall development of the society. Discrepancies existed both in spatial and temporal scale. The forgoing analysis is an attempt to glean out the level of disparity and role of different factors in such disparity in health care system in the district of Birbhum, West Bengal.
Key Words:Bed – Population Ratio,Dimension Index, Health Index, Doctors – Population Ratio, Medical institution – Population Ratio, Family Welfare Society, Universal Health Coverage.

[1] District Statistical Handbook of Birbhum, 2007-2008.
[2] Finley, Jocelyn. (2007), The Role of Health in Economic Development. PGDA Working paper no. - 21, March 27, 2007. Website:
http. // www.hsph.harvard.edu/pgda/working.htm.
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2000. Website: www.sciencemag.org.
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Abstract: The present study has determined to explore the condition of 19th century Bengali women by analysing the cinemas of Satyajit Ray. In the 19th century social life of Bengali women was marked as a transition period of their developments. In the first half of this century the women as was confined to social disciplines, on the contrary it was evident that in the works of contemporary Bengali stalwarts social upliftment of women was seen. Although starting of women's liberation from social disciplines started in the second half of the 19th century, the Bengali writers published important truth about these liberations in their contemporary writing. In the composition of 'Debi' of Pravat Kumar Mukhopadhyay and 'Nastanir' of Rabindranath Tagore two different types of pictures were found. In 'Debi' story in the first half of the 19th century social discipline of Bengali women and on the other side in 'Nastanir' novel in the second half of 19th century social liberation of women was pictured by Satyajit Ray centering these two subject 'Debi' and 'Charulata' cinemas. In this research article I have chosen two films of the great director Satyajit Ray such as 'Debi' and 'Charulata' to compare them with the condition of the 19th century Bengali women
Keywords:Film and Society,Bengali Society, Bengali Women, Bengali Film, Satyajit Ray's Cinema, Women in Film

Journal Papers:
[1] Ramnarayan Gouri, Walking tall: On Satyajit Ray and his style, Frontline, 20 December, 1991.
[2] Statyajit Ray Special Number, Montage, Anandam Film Society, Bombay, 1966.
[3] Houston Penelope, Ray‟s Charulata, Sight & Sound, 35(1), Winter-1965-66.
[4] Chatterjee Partha, Colonialism, Nationalism and Colonized Women: The Quest in India, American Ethnologists, 16(2), 1989.
[5] Ghosh Bishnupriya, Satyajit Ray‟s Devi: Constructing a Third –World Feminist Critique, Screen, 33(2), Summer 1992.
[6] Ganguly Keya, Carnal Knowledge: Visuality and the Modern in Charulata, Camera Obscura, 37, January-1996.
[7] Biswas Moinak, Bengali Film Debates: The Literary Liason Revisited, Journal of Moving Image, 1(1), 1999.
[8] Sil Narasingha P., Tagore‟s Broken Nest vs. Ray‟s Charulata: A Critique, Asian Cinema, 10(2), 1999.
[9] Kapur Geeta, Cultural Creativity in the First Decade: The Example of Satyajit Ray, Journal of Arts and Ideas, 23(4), January-
1993.
Books:
[10] Banerjee Surabhi, Satyajit Ray: Beyond the Frame, (New Delhi: Allied Publishers, 1996).

Abstract:TReligious places are one of the important tourist resources. Religious places are related to all religions have a tourist significant, only the degree of important varies from place to place. One of them is Gopinath Temple which is Hindu (baisnab) religion related. It is quite old and attract a large number of tourist through it has location of disadvantages, find hopefully this tourist resources will have a great tourist significant in the days to come. In this background this religious spot is chosen for the study. This historical place is located on Agradweep village of Katwa sub-division of Bardhaman district.

[1] Radhakamal mukherjee, The Changing Face of Bengal (Calcutta: University of Calcutta, 1938), p. 141.
[2] W.S. Sherwill, Report on the rivers of Bengal, (Calcutta: Calcutta printing and publishing Company, 1858), p. 17.
[3] James Rennell writes, "The Cossimbazar river is almost dry from October to may" (Memboir of a Map of Hindoostan (London,
1788), p. 385.
[4] Annual Report on Major rivers, 1931-32, Nadia River Division, p. 12, quoted in Kalyan Rudra, ibid.
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[6] Transboundary River Icchamati in Gangetic Delta, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and
Electronics Engineering,Volume 1, Issue 7, September 2012,277-292, ISSN: 2277 – 9043.
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,Saarbrücken, Germany,65-79.
[8] Giri.P, Barua.P and Das.B(2012).‟Sundarban Delta: Perspective for the Long Term Future‟, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing
,Saarbrücken, Germany,84-143.
[9] Jadunath Sarkar writes, "time has leveled to the dust the glories of the Gauda under hindu and Muslim rule and the ruins of their
capital lies scattered in heaps for miles along the eastern bank of Kalindri river through which flowed the main current of the
Ganges down to the close of the thirteenth Century" 9the History of Bengal: Muslim period 1200-1757, [Patna: Academia
Asiatica, 1973], p. 24).
[10] W.S. Sherwill, Report on the rivers of Bengal, (Calcutta: Calcutta printing and publishing Company, 1858), p. 17.

Abstract:Value conflict is part and parcel of human life and is inevitable to avoid. When adolescents, people, groups, organizations, and nations interact there are chances that some form of a value conflict may take place. Whenever two or more incompatible goals, motivs, activities or impulses are active at the same time in relation to desirable or pro-social aspects of the well-being of the humanity, they can be said to be value-conflict. The present study is done on the value conflicts among adolescents. On the basis of the findings derived from statistical analysis, the conclusion was drawn as there is no significant difference between adolescent boys & girls on various dimension of value conflict. Conflicts over values, beliefs and expectation rank high on the list in adolescence, A value is something that is important or has significant worth to us. The problem is that many times, what adolescent's value and what parents' value are not the same. The most several conflicts can occur over the value of family Vs. Friends & peers.

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Abstract: Over the years, the Niger Delta region of Nigeria has always received negative media publicity due to its restive youth who, under several fronts, have been campaigning against alleged pillage of the region by the oil companies as well as "neglect" of the region by the federal government of Nigeria. The region has also been agitating against the "massive destruction" of their farmlands, water resources and the general ecology of the region, occasioned by the activities of oil companies in the region, resulting in environmental degradation and pollution. This study is a content analysis of four mainline newspapers in Nigeria: The Guardian, Vanguard, Daily Sun and Thisday. It was aimed at ascertaining whether the Nigerian press covers environmental pollution and the extent of the coverage, in addition to forms of environmental pollution in the Niger Delta, as covered by the Nigerian press. Using random sampling, 90 issues of each of the papers were selected (from 1092 issues) within the study period - September 2010 to May 2011. The study found that environmental pollution in the region by the press received low coverage. The study also revealed that environmental issues are largely confined to the inside pages of the newspapers
Keywords:coverage, degradation environment, pollution, waste disposal

Journal Papers
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Delta in the International Journal of Communication 6, May 2007 pp 193 – 204
[2] A Adeyanju,. Government and the oil pollution crisis in Nigeria. In International Journal of Environmental Issues 2( 1 & 2),
2004. pp 217 – 227.
[3] V. Ikuomola, (2011, Aug. 5). N150b needed to clean up Ogoniland. The Nation p.8
[4] S. Ekpo Environmental impacts of petroleum exploration and exploitation in Nigeria. In International Journal of Environmental
Issues 7(1) 2010, pp 162 – 175
[5] A.T. Busari Public awareness on environmental issues: A Panacea for sustainable environment development in International
Journal of Environmental Issues vol. 3 No. 1 2005
[6] C. E. AkporidoEnvironmental information needs of rural dwellers in oil production communities in Delta State, Nigeria. In
International Journal of Environmental Issues 3( 2), pp 18 – 25, 2005.
[7] B. O. Odufuwa, Mitigating environmental tragedies in Nigeria. In International Journal of Environmental Issues (3 ( 1)2005, pp
227 – 239.
Theses
[8] Ajaero, Chris (2011, Sept. 12) Shell‟s guilty as charged. Newswatch p. 20
[9] M. N. Akpa Newspaper coverage of urban waste and environmental sanitation in Nigeria: a content analysis of four national
daily newspapers, 1995 unpublished thesis, Enugu State University of Science and Technology.
[10] N .C. Anokwute, Newspaper coverage of environmental pollution in Nigeria: A content analysis of 4 Nigerian Newspapers 1999,
M. Sc. Research project, Public Relations programme, Department of Marketing, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus.