IOSR-JHSS   Volume-4 ~ Issue-1 ~ Nov-Dec-2012

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Role of Parliament on Economic Integration in Africa: Evidence from ECOWAS Parliament
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Ehigiamusoe Uyi Kizito, Udefuna Nnadozie Patrick
	:	10.9790/0837-0410110
Downloads : Times

Abstract:The paper examines the role of the Parliament on Economic Integration in Africa, with focus on ECOWAS Parliament. The paper compared the activities of the ECOWAS parliament to similar parliaments in the globe such as the European Parliament, the Pan African Parliament, the Caribbean Parliament, and the East African Parliament. Using descriptive approach, the paper discovered that unlike other parliaments in the globe, the ECOWAS parliament is only a consultative and advisory body and lacks legislative powers. Consequently, trade between member states is still far from what it ought to be, while the movement of persons within the West African Sub-region is yet to be fully realized. Other issues such as single currency and a common position in trade with other regional blocks such as the European Union are still huge challenges. The paper therefore recommends the promotion of economic integration in Africa by transforming the parliament from a forum for dialogue, consultation and consensus among representatives of the people to a co-decision making and subsequently a law making parliament. It also recommends the swift adoption of a case for the enhancement of the power of the ECOWAS Parliament presented to the president of the ECOWAS Commission without further delay. This would help to improve trade and investment in the Sub-region and enable ECOWAS compete favourably in the global economy.
KEY WORDS: ECOWAS, Economic integration, ECOWAS Parliament JEL CLASSICATION: R11, F15, K33

Journal Papers:
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[2] Marquand, J. (1980). "Spatial Change and Economic Divergence in the European Economic Community." Journal of Common
Market Studies 14(1): 9-20.
[3] Mombert, H. and Aidoo, F. (2012) Removing Barriers to Trade between Ghana and Nigeria: Strengthening
[4] Moravcsik, A. (1993). "Preferences and power in the European Community: A liberal intergovernmentalist approach". Journal of
Common Market Studies 31 (4): 473–524.
[5] Regional Integration by Implementing ECOWAS Commitments. Africa Trade Review
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Abstract:Literature serves as a valuable resource for imparting soft skills to the students because of its nature to influence the person who comes in touch with literature emotionally regardless of age and gender. This article emphasizes the importance of using literature to coach students in soft skills through J.K.Rowling's 'Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets' using the VARK learning style method. Students often fail to show interest in acquiring soft skills through classroom teaching method. So VARK method is adopted to create interest in the students for equipping themselves with Soft Skills. Two different classes (Class A &B) are taken to test the approach and a test was conducted with the same pattern of questions after regular lecturing class and after using VARK learning style. The results depicted through a statistical analysis show that the visual, auditory, reading and kinesthetic (VARK) model will help in improving soft skills.
Key words: Soft Skills, Stress Management, Team Work, Literature, Lecturing, VARK Inventory Method (video, Aural, Reading and Kinesthetic).

[1] Rowling .J.K, (2002), "Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets', Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 36 Soho Square, London, WID
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Abstract:Shashi Deshpande has many avatars. At intellectual discussions, she champions the cause of English as an Indian language, and fights for the recognition of women as individuals. She speaks her truth gently but firmly, her words lingering, long after her exit. The present paper projects the fact tale about woman, who speaking for herself or for the whole of womankind is quite different from a man telling a woman's tale Also it brings out the idea of woman explicating herself and emerging out of the cocoon of self pity to spread her wings of self-confidence.

[1] Deshpande, Shashi. 2003, Writing From The Margin, New Delhi: Penguin Books, p.87.

[2]. Beauvoir, Simone de. 1997. The Second Sex. Trans. H.M. Parshley. London: Vintage, p. 295.

[3] Bartky, Sandra Lee. 1998, "Body Politics." A Companion to Feminist Philosophy. Oxford: Blackwell. p.85.

[4] Kuortti, Joel. 2003, "Maybe Only Your Wife Can Read." Interview with Shashi Deshpande. Tense Past, Tense Present. Woman Writing in English. Kolkata: Street, p.36.

[5] Deshpande, Shashi. 1988. "Why I am a Feminist." Writing from the Margin. New Delhi: Penguin, p.85.

[6] Sebastian, Mrinalini. 2000. The Novels of Shashi Deshpande in Post Colonial Arguments. Delhi: Prestige, p.143.

[7] Chatterji, Lola. Ed. 1986. Woman Image Text. Delhi: Trianka, p.6

[8] Deshpande, Shashi. 2004, Moving On. New Delhi: Penguin Books India, p.88.

[9] Ibid.,p.191.

[10] Viswanath, Gita. 2005, "In Conversation with Shashi Deshpande." Writing Difference: The Novels of Shashi Deshpande. Ed.Chanchala K.Naik, New Delhi: Pen craft International, p.229.

Abstract:Informal Sector Is The Largest Employer Of Relatively Unskilled Workers When Skill Based Tecnological Changes In Production Of Manufactured Commodities And Services Have Always Fascilitated Income And Employment Growth For The Highly Skilled.Due To Globalisation The Scenario Among Women Has Been Changing As The Formal Sector Is Shrinking And Unable To Provide Employment Opportunities To Growing Population Informal Sector Has An Important Role To Play. In This Background In The Present Paper An Attempt Has Been Made On The Basis Of Secondary Studies To Investigate The Changin Scenario Of Employment Among Women In Informal Sector In India.To Explore How Women Are Coming Up For Employment Oppurtunities In Informal Sector.
Key Words: Informal Sector India, Women, Agegc And Non Agr, Self Employed , Casual , Regular Employed

[1] Bandopadhyay, Kumar Titas , Should informal sector be subsidised? Munich Personal RePEc Archive MPRA Paper No. 1775, posted 07. November 2007
[2] Barrientos A. and Barrientos, S. , "Extending social protection to informal workers in the horticulture global value chain", Social protection discussion paper series, No. 0216, World Bank (200
[3] Blau D Francine. & Kahn, Lawrence. M "Gender Differences in Pay," Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 14, no. 4 (Fall 2000): 75-99.
[4] Card, David and John E. DiNardo ,Skill-Based Technological Change And Rising Wage Inequality: Some Problems And Puzzles, Journal of Labor Economics, 20, 733-783. (2002),
[5] Chaudhuri, S., D. Banerjee , "Economic Liberalisation, Capital Mobility and Informal Wage in a Small Open Economy: A Theoretical Analysis", Economic Modelling, 24(6), 924-940. (2007).
[6] Fapohunda M Tinuke. Women and the Informal Sector in Nigeria: Implications for Development Department of Industrial Relations and Public Administration Lagos State University Ojo. Nigeria British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences ISSN: 2046-9578, Vol.4 No.1 (2012)
[7] Gupta Anvita etal Women Working in Informal Sector in India: A saga of Lopsided Utilization of Human Capital 011 International Conference on Economics and Finance Research 011 International Conference on Economics and Finance Research IPEDR vol.4 (2011) © (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore IPEDR vol.4 (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore
[8] Gender Equality: Striving for Justice in an Unequal World, United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.05.III.Y.1).
[9] Indrajit Bairagyas Liberalization, Informal Sector and Formal-Informal Sectors‟ Relationship: A Study of India Paper Prepared for the 31st General Conference of The International Association for Research in Income and Wealth St. Gallen, Switzerland, August 22-28, 2010
[10] Karl f. inderfurth and khambatta persis india‟s economy: the other half february 22, 2012

Abstract:The paper shows the role of distinct western missionaries who were bringing Christianity in Colonised India as a path of female education, which implanted ‗values of reformations', and ‗individual's right' among the natives. These missionaries under the banner of ‗Civilising Mission of White Men' instructed some modernizing process to the females of India within the framework of the ‗Acceptance of Imperial British Rule'. In particular, I examined the role of distinguished devotees and private organizations of European Missionaries engaged in imparting female education in Bengal. Other hand, I have tried to assess the way of responses of Bengali girls and women to the ‗New Education', which they received at the hands of missionary schoolmasters and schoolmistresses that produced an indigenous debate about Christian domination versus women emancipation. A very rich and suggestive literature is now appearing which examines the impact of modern schooling on Indian women and delineates ideological responses, particularly within Indian nationalist discourse. Finally, an attempt has been made to critically analyse the ideology and motives of the European women missionaries, and their limitation to the advancement of female education in Bengal.
Key Words :Missionaries, Zenana, Civilizing Mission, proselytize, Emancipation, Feminism

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Abstract:There has been a gap between the education of boys and girls in India in the case of Muslims the gap has been a yawning chasm. The education of girls has always demanded higher investment in terms of more facilities, more women teachers, separate schools, transport and scholarships to provide the much-needed incentives. While there are numerous instances of minority-run institutions among Christians, Sikhs and Parsis that have made special efforts to provide free education to their girls, among Muslim faith-based organisations this consciousness has been late in coming.

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Abstract:Ahmad Bin Yahya bin Jabir Al-Balazuri`s book, 'Ansa'ab-ul-Ashra'af' is a comprehensive history of the Arabs. The contents of the book have been categorised in the order of Families and Tribes, keeping in view their superiority, social status and veneration in their respective communities. Accordingly, the book begins with the description of Banu Hashim, the reputed family of the Holy Prophet (SAW). In this connection, the author has accorded valuable collections regarding the life and Prophetic mission of the Holy prophet (SAW). Following is a character sketch of Ahmad Bin Yahya Al-Balazuri as a critical account of the traditions pertaining to Seerat-e-Nabvi (SAW) included in his books, 'Ansa'ab-ul-Ashra'af'.
Key Words: Seerat: The Life of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAW) Hijra: Islamic Calender. Hadith: Anything (Sayings and Deeds) attributed to the Holy Prophet (SAW) Muhadith: Scholar in the field of Hadith Caliph: Islamic Ruler. Maghazi: War fought in the leadership of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAW)

[1] Muhammad Bin Sa‟ad is famous as historian, Muhadith and Seerat Writer. His book "Al -Tabaqat" is a great Treasure of
Knowledge. It consists of eight (8) Volumes.
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[10] Ansa‟ab-ul-Ashra‟af, Al-Bilazuri, Edited By: Dr. Sohail Zakar, Dr. Riaz Zirkali, Preface, Dar-ul-Fikar, Beirut, 1996 A.