IOSR-JHSS   Volume-4 ~ Issue-4 ~ Nov-Dec-2012

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Review of the most popular Language learning strategies' evaluation instruments
Country	:	Malaysia
Authors	:	Shohreh Raftari, Saber Alawi
	:	10.9790/0837-0440105
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Abstract:There are some different ways to evaluate language learning strategy [LLS] use. The present article is a review of three most widely used data collection instruments in the field of language learning strategies i.e. self-report inventories, interviews and think aloud protocol.
Keywords: language learning strategy, evaluation instrument, inventory, interview, think aloud protocol

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Erlbaum Associaes, Inc., Publishers.
[9] Mokhtari, K., & Richard, C. A. (2002). Assessing students' metacognitive awareness of reading strategies. Journal of educational
psychology, 94, 249-259.
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Abstract:In the recent years a steady increase in incidence of divorce has been noticed in Metropolitan cities in general and in Bangalore city in particular of India. Every year, almost 2000 to 3000 divorce petitions are filed and almost similar numbers are disposed off in the family courts. It is observed that there has been a consistent rise in the incidence of divorce, about 17.25 percent from 1991 to 2000, which further increased to 31.9. Percent in 2001, onwards, indicating a rise of 14 percent during the decade. It appears that marital dissolutions in metropolitan cities and Bangalore cities increasingly influenced by incompatibility among young couples and several other factors, led to dissolutions, thereby threatening marital bonds. The expectation of young couples from marriage is growing for their emotional and social problems are very difficult to be met. This paper is concerned with both explanatory as well as analytical goals, it is particularly concerned with investigating the family structural dimensions of marital disruption and it tries to explore the factors that have lead to divorce and ideates types of person who opt for divorce, in Bangalore city.
Key Words: conjugal, commonness, intimates, magnitude, trouble, wastefulness.

[1] Mazumdar, K. 2001, Dowry related Violence: An Overview, The Indian Journal of Social Work, 62 (3), 397–413.
[2] Metha Rama, 1975: Divorced Hindu Women, Vikash Publishing House Pvt., and New Delhi.
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[6] News. Telegraph 2005. Divorce Soars in India‟s Middle Class. 1 October
[7] Krishnakumari, N.S. 1987. Status of Single Women in India. (A study of spinsters,widows and divorcees). New Delhi: Uppal
Publishing House, Joint‟s Women‟s Programme Publication.
[8] Goode, William J. 1963: Family Disorganization in Contemporary Social Problem(ed) R. K Merton& Robert A Nisbet, London
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Print well Publishers.
[10] Devi Prasad, B. (Ed.). : 2001 Special Issue on Family Violence,

Abstract:One of the most redeeming archaeological feature in Garhwal Himalaya is the ruins of a well laid out regular stone structure of large buildings or fortresses located on the highest cliff of the mountain locally known as Garhs belonging to late medieval. It is owing to the presence of such structures of Garh, this region, which was earlier known as Kedarkhnad in ancient times (Dabral, 1961), was christened as Garhwal from 15th century onward. Chatak, 1990; Naithani, 2006 Dhasmana(1995). Though some preliminary studies have been done by various workers to provide insight into the architecture and history of these Garhs, however no serious investigations has been done to locate them in the region and study these structures in historical perspective. Though the well known Chandpur Garh was excavated by archaeological Survey of India in 2004 to know its antiquity (report unpublished). However, these late medieval structures have largely rather remained a subject of curiosity and not worth of any academic study, and hence have not attracted the attention of to the scholars and others till today. In view of this, I have taken up the study of Garhs in a Geo-historical perspective through multidisciplinary approach to understand the emergence of such structures during late medieval phase and their spatial distribution in the specific mountainous topography. However the present paper reports the preliminary results of the study to precisely find the location of the Garhs in Pauri district of Garhwal Himalaya through exhaustive field work, Remote Sensing and Google Earth.

[1] Adrian Myers;2010; World Camp Delta, Google Earth and the ethics Of Remote sensing in archaeology; Archaeology Vol. 42(3)
Pp. 455–467
[2] Atkinson E.T. (1884). The Himalayan Gazetteer, vol. II, III. Cosmo Publication, Delhi (Reprint 1973).
[3] Arlen F. Chase, Diane Z. Chase , Christopher T. Fisher, Stephen J. Leisz, and John F.Weishampel;2012;Geospatial revolution and
remote sensing LiDAR in Mesoamerican archaeology Published online July 16, 2012,
[4] Bahuguna, M.R.(1995). Garhrajya Shasan ki Yadein, Samaya Prakashan.
[5] Brown Vega, M. , Nathan, C. and Gerbert, A. L. (2011), Ground Truthing of Remotely Identified Fortifications on the Central
Coast of Peru. Journal of Archaeological Science 38(7):Pp 1680-1689.
[6] Chauhan, S. S. (1997). Garhwal ka Rajnetik Itihas,
[7] Dabral, S.P. (1967-90). Uttarakhand ka Itihas vol. I to XIII; Virgatha Prakashan Dogadda.
[8] Dhasmana M.M,1995 ; Perception of Bhutas in Garhwah in Primal Elements : The Oral Tradition Vol. 1; Edited by Saraswati
Baidyanath ; Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, New Delhi.
[9] Handa, O.C. (2002). History of Uttaranchal, Indus Publishing Company, New Delhi.
[10] Jason Ur, 2003;University of Chicago Oriental Institute, 1155 E. 58th St., Chicago, IL 60637 (j-ur@uchicago.edu) Received 11
July 2002; Revised 16 January 2003

Abstract:Sectarianism is a real threat to Pakistan security. It has created ferocity, unrest and disorder in the society. From the last three decade sectarian conflicts have increased suicide bombings, bomb blasts, assassinations, target killings and terrorist attacks. The sectarian strife has threatened Pakistan economically, sociologically, and politically. Contemporary, there is a need to adopt multiple ways for the progress and prosperity of the country. All the provinces need to think being a Pakistani not like a Sunni, Shia, Deobandi, Ahl-i-Hadith, Qadiani and Mirzai, then no one can harm the unity and the nation. We have mentioned in our findings internal and external factors with various policies recommendations to overcome the sectarian barriers.
Key Words: Sectarianism, Internal and External Factors, Pakistan Security, Policy Recommendations.

[1] R. Ballard, "Negotiating Race and Ethnicity: Exploring the Implications of the 1991 Census", Patterns of Prejudice, 1996, Pp.30 -
33. As well John Hutchinson, and Anthony D. Smith, Introduction, In Ethnicity, edited by J. Hutchinson and A. D. Smith, Oxford
University Press, Oxford and New York, 1996, Pp. 1–14.
[2] Bryan Wilson, Religion in Sociological Perspective 1982, Oxford University Press page 89 "In English, it is a term that designates
a religiously separated group, but in its historical usage in Christendom it carried a distinctly pejorative connotation. A sect was a
movement committed to heretical beliefs and often to ritual acts and practices like isolation that departed from orthodox religious
procedures‟.
[3] McCormick Maaga, Mary excerpt from her book Hearing the Voices of Jonestown, Syracuse University Press, 1998.
[4] Andrew Feenberg, "Paths to Failure: The Dialectics of Organization and Ideology in the New Left", Humanities in Society, 1983,
p.8.
[5] Ibid.
[6] Sadia Saeed, "States, Islamist Movements and Muslim Politics: Explaining the Pakistani State‟s Shift from Accommodation to
Exclusion of the Ahmadiyya Community", available at http://www.yale.edu/ccr/SAEED.pdf, p.2, acceesed on June 23, 2012, as
well Anita B. Weiss, "Islamic Reassertion in Pakistan: The Application of Islamic Laws in a Modern State, Syracuse University
Press", (Ed.) 1986.
[7] Mushahid Hussain, "Pakistan-Iran Relations in the Changing World Scenario: Challenges and Response", Foreign Policy Debate:
The Years Ahead, Islamabad: Institute of Policy Studies, 1993, Pp. 215-9. As well Harsh V. Pant, "Pakistan and Iran's
Dysfunctional Relationship", Middle East Quarterly, spring 2009, pp. 43-50.
[8] Sectarianism in Pakistan "Current Trends in Islamic Ideology Vo.4, November 01, 2006, Hudson Institute‟s Center for Islam,
Democracy and the Future of the Muslim World.
[9] Iran, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan Make a Difficult Triangle, National Security, Monday, July 30, 2012, Available At
http://pksecurity.blogspot.com/2012/07/iran-saudi-arabia-and-pakistan-make.html, accessed on August 10, 2012.
[10] Ibid, p.102.

Abstract:In the following article the topic of 'terrorism' has been discussed broad way, with all its pros and cons. Its growth and evolution in a pace, cause, solutions to eradicate by meticulous planning .Also an analysis has been done of terrorism which is prevalent throughout the ages and countries. It is seen that though in ancient times people used terror for their personal benefits when people were mostly uncivilized, illiterate and thus used force to fulfill their appetite but it must be noted that it is seen to suppress and exploit the weak is a common human instinct. For this reason perhaps people used terror or threat in spite of being civilized and educated. Its practical solutions seem to be totally impossible. Now-a- day, government has taken measured steps to check terrorism with iron-hand but its success is still not apparent,as if all aspects to check terrorism is remain a dream.

[1] Afghanistan and 9/11 by 1.Anand Giridharadas Ajay Shukla Rahimulla Yusufzai John Jennings Rifaat Hussain J.N. Dixit
Julie Sirrs.
[2] In the Line of Fire by Parvez Musharraf. [pages:209,210,228]
[3] Stranger of the mist by Sanjoy Hazarika
[4] The sealed nectar by Saifur rahman al Mubarakpuri[page-360]
[5] The World Worst Atrocities by Nigel Cawthorne
[6] [Pol Pot:page-159,153][My Lai:page-51][Robessperrie:page-54,109,127]

[7] O Jeru-salem! By 1.Larry Collins.
2.Dominigue Lapierre [page:{prologue} xvi
[8] Mao by1. Juang Chang
2.John Halliday.

Abstract:The Sudanese conflict has claimed so many lives and property not because its settlement would not have been achieved but because of the perceived role of small arms and light weapons. The paper argues that the availability of arms in the hands of the belligerents was responsible for the intensification and escalation of the conflict as the belligerents use them as a major support to maintain their ground. It adopts the Frustration- Aggression theory, explaining that the rebels in South Sudan went into the fighting as a result of frustration at achieving self-determination. The Sudanese government had ruled with Islamic policies without considering other segments that practice other religions. To rid the society of illicit arms, disarmament, demobilization and reintegration programmes should be carried out sincerely to avoid renewed war. Again, there should be enlightenment programme on the dangers of gun possession and peace education that advocates non-violent resolution of conflict.
Key Words: Arms proliferation, conflicts, black market, Grey market, security Dilemma and military assistance.

[1] Abalo, Emmanuel "The Scourge of Small Arms Proliferation in West Africa and the Solution to an arms free region"
www.runningafrica.com Retrieved 16 May, 2008
[2] Akuyomo, Chukwusili (2003) "Small Arms and Light Weapons: Consensus Attempt to restrain and control the Availability of
Arms" in Nigeria Forum. NIIA Vol. 24 No 5-6.
[3] Alli, W.O. (2006) "The impact of Globalization on Conflicts in Africa" in Gaya Shedrack Best (ed) Introduction to Peace and
Conflict Studies in West Africa. Spectrum Books Ltd. Ibadan
[4] Alor, Deng Kuol (1999). "Notes on the Peace Process in the Sudan" (www.usip.org) Jan. 14 Retrieved 16 April, 2008
[5] Annan, Kofi (2003) "UN Security Council Takes Aim at Illegal Arms Proliferation in Africa" www.voa.com/newsletter. Retrieved
16 April, 2008
[6] "Arms Transfers to the Government of Sudan" www.hrw.org/reports Retrieved 23rd February, 2008
[7] Badmus, Isiaka Alani (2005). "Small Arms and Light Weapons Proliferation and Conflicts: three African case study" in Nigerian
Journal of International Affairs Vol.31, No.2
[8] Bakut, Tswah Bakut (2006). "The Environment, Peace and Conflict in Africa" in Gaya Shedrack Best (ed). Introduction to Peace
and Conflict Studies in West Africa. Spectrum Books Ltd. Ibadan
[9] CHAD-SUDAN: "Janjawid militia in Darfur appears to be out of control" www.IRNNEWS.ORG May, 2004. Retrieved 23rd
February, 2008
[10] "China seeks end to Darfur Crises" Thisday September 26, 2007 Vol. 12, No.4540.

Abstract:This research paper deals with the process of development in the field of education and the changes taken place in the Village Zandra during the last three decades. Awareness, affordability and marked improvement in educational facilities have caused a general shift of trend towards education. Most of the parents now want their children to finish at least high school and then pursue some technical field.Number of educational facilities and student enrolment has increased in the village. Apart from the basic educational infrastructure the quality, qualification and number of teachers has substantially increased. This study identifies the workings of UN agencies and NGOs working for the promotion of education and how the authoritative core countries extract labour from the peripheral countries and use it in their own benefit causing harmful effects for their education systems. The situation in the village has been analyzed in light of world system theory. This research was conducted in Village Zandra District Ziarat. Qualitative anthropological techniques were used to collect emperical data.
Key Words:core, periphery, underdevelopment, capital accumulation, socialization

[1] Amin, S. (1970). L'accumulation à l'échellemondiale; critique de la théorie du sous-développement. Dakar: IFAN.
[2] Amin, S. (1973). Neo-colonialism in West Africa.Hamondsworth, UK: Penguin.
[3] Arnove R. F. (1980). Comparative Education and World-Systems: Comparative Education Review, Vol. 24, No. 1, 48-62.
[4] Arnove, R. F. (2003). Reframing Comparative Education. In R. F. Arnove&C. A. Torres (Eds.), Comparative Education: The
dialectic of the global and the local (2nd ed., pp. 1-23). Lanham, MD: Rowman&Littlefield.
[5] Boli, J., Ramirez, F. O., & Thomas, G. M. (1997). World culture in the world polity: A century of institutional non-governmental
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15, 28-43.
[10] Meyer, J. W. &Hannan, M. T. (1979).Introduction. In J. W. Meyer and M. T. Hannan (Eds.), National development and the world system: Educational, economic, and political change, 1950-1970 (pp. 3-16). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Abstract:This research study focuses on Socio Economic Condition and problems of Migrant WomenWorkers. The migrant women workers face several problems such as low wages, health hazards, sexual exploitation and denial of their fundamental rights. Through this study the researcher aims to analyze the life of these migrant women workers. The specific objectives of the study are to identify the occupational, economic status, child care services available, health problems and exploitation faced by the women migrant workers and the expectations of the migrant women workers. The research design used for this study is descriptive. The sampling strategy used is simple random through lottery method. Data was collected from 100 respondents using an interview schedule by directly interviewing the respondents. The study reveals that Fifty eight percent of the respondents belonged to the age group of 20-40 years; Sixty five percent of the respondents are married. Perhaps their family commitments after marriage forced the married persons to work. Majority Ninety eight percent migrated within the state of Tamil Nadu, Seventy six percent of the migrated from rural to urban area because of poverty, unemployment, less wages in their native place. Eighty seven percent say that safety programmes are conducted to ensure the safety of the workers. Eighty seven percent say that they are not able to save money from their income. Forty six percent of the respondents were highly dissatisfied with their working conditions. Majority of the respondents Seventy six percent did not receive social security benefits such as maternity benefits. Sixty six percent of the respondents expect education, child care, proper housing facilities from the government and the agency. The existing Labour laws must be strictly enforced to save migrant women workers from exploitation and to receive their rightful wages. Making awareness of rights and policies of migrant workers women will definitely make a change in their lives in the future.
Key Words: Women, Problems. Migrant, occupation, social security

[1] Alison Crosby, (2007). ―People on the Move: Challenging migration on NGOs, migrants and sex work categorization,‖ Vol 50,
p. 44-49.
[2] Aliyu AA, AU Shehu, (2006). ―Occupational hazards and safety measures among stone quarry workers in northern Nigeria,‖
Nigerian Medical Practitioner, Vol. 50 (2) p. 42-47.
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Reservation,‖ Ministry or Rural Development, The Monthly Journal, Kurukshetra, Vol.58 No. 8, p. 52.
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women and HIV/STIs: Knowledge, attitudes and practices and the role of sexual power,‖ Published by UK Consortium on AIDS
and International Development.
[7] Anupam Hazra, (2010). ―The Women Reservation Bill: Can We Hope For Gender Equality,‖ Ministry or Rural Development,
Kurukshetra, Vol.58 No. 8 p. 52.
[8] Arianne Gaetano (2008). ―Sexuality in diasporic space: rural-to-urban migrant women negotiating gender and marriage in
contemporary China,‖ Published in - Gender, Place & Culture Volume 15, Issue 6, p. 629 – 645.
[9] Asha Bajpai (1997). ―Women's Rights at the Workplace (Part I) & (Part II ), Lawyer's Collective,‖ Tata Institute of Social
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