IOSR-JHSS   Volume-4 ~ Issue-5 ~ Nov-Dec-2012

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Human Rights and Declining Sex-Ratio
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Ms. Asha Rani
	:	10.9790/0837-0450104
Downloads : Times

Abstract:In India, right from her birth, a girl child is treated by the society, including her parents as a burden because of various traditional beliefs and misconceptions of the society. The reaction of the family members is different towards the girl's rights right from the birth. Often, the girl is born and brought up in an atmosphere where the family would have rather preferred a boy in her place. This attitude of acceptance to large extent affects her existence. Those who survive are also discriminated against and neglected in numerous ways. Son preference has been one of the most evident manifestations of patriarchal society. In the paper both primary and secondary data were used. The present paper is an attempt to understand the socio-cultural factors that have traditionally undervalued daughters compared to sons and how all these practices violates many rights of these innocent girls and foetuses in Kathua district of Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir).
Keywords: Traditional Beliefs, Discrimination, Neglected, Patriarchy, Socio-cultural, Foetus, Girl's Rights

[1] Daily Excelsior (8.4.2011).
[2] www.aidwaonline.org/category/reports-struggle/aidwa against declining sex ratio. (28.6.2012).
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School Journal Vol. 5. 1999.
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[6] Op.cit. Ref. 4
[7] Patel, Tulsi "Sex-Selective Abortion in India" Sage Publication, New Delhi, 2007.

Abstract:Morality is inundated with sets of principles of right conducts that are deemed praise worthy and commendable as a condition-since-qua-non for a peaceful, happy and harmonious social co-existence. However, since morality is society/nature related, certain environmental factors may constitute precedence from which actions are judged as right or wrong. This paper seeks to argue that, owning to the laws of nature of the universe and man's place in it, it will be difficult to extricate man's moral life from environmental influences, and hence morality to some extent can be predicated on environmental concerns.

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action.html.. Retrieved on the 24/10/2012.
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Abstract:The play is a violent speech against women "a verbal attack". The play After the Fall includes a thinly disguised portrayal of Miller's unhappy marriages. Miller has used the stage as a medium to justify and rationalize the cathartic explanation of his life including his two failed marriages. The play is also an implication that there is no such thing as private life. Miller, however, manages to bring them together into the play. Marriage is said to be a legal union between men and women by mutual consent. Here, the irony of marriage is that it fails to assure happiness.

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Abstract:'Speciesism' as a theory of animal rights, is the practice of treating members of one species as superior to another and entails them the moral right to treat the inferior as they deem fit. Such a philosophy was vehemently objected by Dr. Richard Ryder and Peter Singer. This paper presents how speciesism operates in Jack London's novel The Call of the Wild. It shows the inherent superiority of human beings over all other sentient beings and this is born of the instinctual imperialistic tendency present in every human. I have tried to show how the principle of domination extends its boundaries from the human to the animal world. Interestingly, this dominating motif is observant not only in the human-animal or human-human relationship, but also the animal-animal nexus. Lastly, the paper, after presenting the arguments of speciesists and anti-speciesists tends to question the justification of such a theory and how The Call of the Wild is ultimately a voice against 'Speciesism'.
Key Words: brutality, dominance, imperialism, power, speciesism

[1] Swift, Morrison I. "Imperialism and the threat to Liberty". Annals of America. Vol 12. Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc,1976: 236-
246. Print.
[2] Duignan, Brian. "Speciesism". Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. Britannica Academic Edition. N pag. n.d. Web. 15 Aug. 2012.
[3] Ryder, Richard. "All Beings that feel Pain deserve Human Rights". The Guardian. 6 Aug. 2005: N pag. Web. 14 Aug. 2012.<
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2005/aug/06/animal welfare/>
[4] "Speciesism". N.p, n.d. Web. 14 Aug. 2012. <http://www.richard ryder.co.uk/speciesism.html/>
[5] Julius, Emmanuel. "The Pessimism of Jack London". Jack London Journal 3(1996): 189 -191. Rpt in Novels for Students. Ed.
Jennifer Smith. Vol 19 Detroit : Gale, 2004. Literature Resource Center. Web. 6 Sept. 2012.
[6] Dyer, Daniel. "Answering the Call of the Wild". The English Journal 77.4(Apr. 1988): 57-62.JSTOR. Web. 7 Aug 2012.
<http://www.jstor.org/stable/819308>
[7] Auerbach, Jonathan ""Congested Mails": Buck and Jack‟s "Call"". American Literature 67.1 (Mar. 1995): 51-76. JSTOR.Web. 7
Aug. 2012. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2928030>
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[9] Chua, Jasmin Malik. Interview of Peter Singer with Salon. (2006). "Quote of the Day: Peter Singer on Speciesism".
Science/Natural Sciences 22 Sept. 2007: N pag. Web. 10 Sept. 2012. <http://www.treehugger.com/natural-sciences/quote-of-theday-
peter-singer-on-speciesism.html>
[10] Benoit, Raymond. ""Jack London‟s "The Call of the Wild"". American Quarterly 20.2(Summer, 1968): 246-248.JSTOR.Web. 7
Aug. 2012. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/2711035>

Abstract:Realizing the uncompensated catastrophe that modern tourism generates, the protagonists of sustainable development emphasize the need for making resilience to nature; today the option is 'Nature Ecotourism, i.e. tourism basically depending natural attractions in a pollution free environment. The present paper focuses on the Thenmala Eco-tourism Project in India which is India's first planned Eco-tourism destination due to its unique vistas, bio diversity and functioning. The Thenmala Eco-tourism shares its resources with the famous Shendurey Widlife Sanctuary at the foothills of Western Ghats. The prime objective of Thenmala Ecotourism projects is to minimize the negative impacts and create an economic and social environmental which generates greater economic benefit for local people and enhances the well-being of the host communities. It provides more enjoyable experience for tourism through more meaningful connections with local people and a greater understanding of local, cultural, social and environmental issues. The paper discusses the economic, ecological and social impact of Thenmala Eco-tourism, i.e., in a densely populated State like Kerala, where the arrival of tourists is increasing year after year, how tourism is well maintained without degrading the ecosystem is the hypothesis of the paper.
Keywords: Ecological Sustainability, Eco-tourism, Multiplier, Opportunity Cost, Sustainable Development,

[1] Sarngadharan, M; Raja, G (2005). "Tourism and Sustainable Economic Development‟, New Century Publications, New Delhi, India.
[2] Sharma, Shashi Prabha (2006). "Tourism and Environment, Concepts, Principles and Approaches‟, Kanishka Publishers, New Delhi.
[3] Clarke, J (1997). "A Framework of Approaches to Sustainable Tourism‟, Journal of Sustainable Tourism.
[4] Dhulasi Birundha V (2003). "Environmental Challenges towards tourism‟, Kanishka Publishers, New Delhi.
[5] Government of Kerala, Economic Review (2011), State Planning Board, Thiruvananthapuram.
[6] Goodwin H. (1996), In Pursuit of Eco-tourism, Biodiversity and Conservation Government of Kerala, Kerala Tourism Statistics
(2010), Department of Tourism, Thiruvananthapuram.
[7] Reports of Thenmala Ecotourism Promotion Society Kerala Institute of Tourism and Travel Studies (KITTS) (2006), Issues and
Trends in Ecotourism Development in India, Published by V.Rajeevan IRPS Director, KITTS, TVPM
www.thenmalaecotourism.com/nature.
[8] Directorate of eco-tourism, Government of Kerala, Trivandrum Kerala Development Report 2012

Abstract:Food is a prime factor of life and it is a recent area of research which promotes the emphasis on not to study only food but production, nutrition, culinary arts all is part of it. The relationship between human and food is always interesting one. This relationship is not determined from only one perspective rather relationships are examined from a wider perspectives. Food is become more fashionable and new trends of eating concepts are emerging. Eating outside and eating at kitchen is recently developed concept. Ethnic food refers its origin to a heritage and culture. Though the concept of eating at kitchen is changing still eating manner and dining concept is prevailing among the Misings of Assam. In kitchen the basic priority is given to culinary arts and eating manner. Though technology and commercialization in globalize world has changes eating manner still Misings are maintaing eating manner through their rituals and festivals. This paper is analyzing the "space" in the kitchen of Misings and the symbolism of food in their rituals and festivals.
Key Words: kitchen, dining, space, food, eating, manner

[1] Anderson, E.N. 2005. Everyone Eats: Understanding Food and Culture. New York University Press: London.
[2] Aron, J.P. 1975. The Art of Eating in France: Manners and Menus in the Nineteenth Century. London: Peter Owen.
[3] Atkinson, P. 1983. "Eating virtue", in A. Murcott (ed.) The Sociology of Food and Eating. Gower, Aldershot.
[4] Barer Stein, Thelma. 1999. You Eat What You Are: People, Culture and Food Traditions. Firely Press.
[5] Beardsworth, A. and Teresa K. 1997. Sociology on the Menu: An Invitation to the Study of Food and society. Routledge: Tailor&
Francis group.
[6] Belasco, Warren J. 2006. Meals to Come: A History of the Future of Food. London: University of California Press.
[7] Bennett, J. 1987. The Hunger Machine: the Politics of Food. Cambridge: Political Press.
[8] Burnett, J. 2004. England Eats Out: A Social History of Eating Out In England from 1830 to Present. Pearson/ Longman.
[9] Camp, C. 1996. "Foodways". Brunvand, J. H. (ed.).American Folklore: An Encyclopedia. New York & London: Garland
Publishing- Taylor & Francis Group.
[10] Civitello, L. 2007. Cuisine and Culture: A History of Food & People. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.

Abstract:The Iraq war is the Third Gulf War that was initiated with the military invasion of Iraq on March 2003 by the United States of American and its allies to put an end to the Baath Party of Saddam Hussein, the fifth President of Iraq and a prominent leader of the Baath party in the Iraqi region. The chief cause of this war was the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) that George W. Bush declared in response to the attacks of September 11. The events of this war were both brutal and severe on both parties as it resulted in the defeat of the Iraqi army and the depose and execution of Saddam Hussein, in addition to thousands of causalities and billionsof dollars expenses.This paperdiscusses the overt as well as the covert reasons behind the Iraqi war, in addition to its different objectives. It alsodiscusses the course of the war and its aftermath. This would shed the light on the consequences of the war on the political, economic, social, and humanitarian levels. Finally, the true intentions of the war are speculated.
Key Words:Political Science, Warfare, Iraq War 2003, Global War on Terrorism

[1] Rodney P. Carlisle, Iraq War, Facts on File, 2004, 176 pp, Facts on File, 2007, pp. 208
[2] National Counterterrorism Center: Annex of Statistical Information, Country Reports on Terrorism, April 30, 2007.
[3] Christopher Cerf and Micah L. Sifry, eds., The Iraq War Reader: History, Documents, Opinions, Touchstone, 2003. pp 736.
[4] U.S. silence on new Iraq spying allegations, BBC News, 1999-01-07. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east /250808.stm.
[5] Joseph J. Collins, Choosing War: The Decision to Invade Iraq and Its Aftermath. Washington, D.C.: National Defense University
Press, 2008, 43 pp.
[6] David M. Walker, Iraqi Benchmarks: An Objective Assessment, Hearing, September 5, 2007, before the House Committee on
Foreign Affairs, Serial No. 110-108, iii, 67 pp.
[7] The Iraq Oil-For-Food Program: starving for accountability, Hearing before the Subcommittee on National Security, Emerging
Threats, and International Relations of the Committee on Government Reform, House of Representatives, April 21, 2004, 285 pp.
[8] K. Katzman, "Iraq and Al-Qaeda: allies or not?", CRS Reports for Congress, p. 6
[9] Stephen Pelletière, Iraq and the International Oil System: Why America Went to War in the Gulf. Greenwood, 2001, 239 pp,
Maisonneuve Press, 2004, 250 pp.
[10] Resolution 1441 of the Security Council, 8 November 2002, www.un.org, 2002, p.5.