IOSR-JHSS   Volume-5 ~ Issue-4 ~ Nov-Dec-2012

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Initial Conquest of India by Turks and Their Slaves
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mustafa Sareer
	:	10.9790/0837-0540114

Abstract:The very word "Turk‟ or "Türk‟ appears as the name of a central-Asian nomad people only from the sixth century A.D. onwards.When in 552 the "Turk‟ Qaghnate was founded on the Orkhon river in Mongolia. The Chinese name for the Turks was Tu-kuch, which was apparently derived from Türküt, The Mongol plural of Türk.The Greeks called them Tourkoi, The Arabs Atrak (sg.Turk), while in New Persian they became known as Turkan (sg.Turk). In Sanskrit they were called Turushkāh, while the Tibetians identified all Turks with the Qarlugh tribe, and hence referred to the Turks usually as Garlog. Originally,Türk was an ethnonym which was associated with a small tribe headed by the Ashina clan; it meant "The Strong One‟ and fell within the semantic range of a whole series of tribal names which connoted "Force‟, "Violence‟, "Ferociousness‟ and so on. These original Türks or Türkü had, in the first half of the fifth century, become vassals of another nomadic empire, that of the Juan-Juan. In the middle of the sixth century, however, the Turks destroyed the Juan-Juan empire while founding there own there own nomad state. This state reached at its greatest extent from the Great Wall to the Oxus and even beyond,covering therefore not only the whole of the inner and outer Mongolia but also settled areas far to the west. Intermittently it lasted upto the middle of the eighth century.

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Abstract:The paper examines the local perspective on the involvement aspiration of women in housing development in Ibadan, Nigeria. The aim of the paper is twofold. The first aim is an examination of the local perspective about women's involvement in housing development. The second aim is an examination of the influence of local perspective on housing development involvement aspiration of women as indicated by the actual housing development involvement of women, women's level of knowledge about the development of their household house, and women's intension to be involved in housing delivery. The null hypotheses tested in the paper is that there is no significant relationship between the local perspective about women's involvement in housing development and (i) actual housing development involvement of women, (ii) women's level of knowledge about the development of their household house, and (iii) women's intension to be involved in housing delivery. The data used in the paper were derived from a larger household survey on gender and housing study carried out by the author in Ibadan, Nigeria. Correlation statistical technique was used to test the hypotheses. The literature shows that the local perspective is that decisions on housing development are male dominated. Significant negative relationship is found between local perspective and (i) actual housing development involvement of women, (ii) women's level of knowledge about the development of their household house, and, (iii) women's intention to be involved in housing delivery. This result suggests that women empowerment could be greatly enhanced through a reorientation of the mindset of the society about some of the local perspective that hinders women's involvement in development activities.
Keywords:Local perspective; aspiration; women empowerment; housing development.

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Abstract:The work was guided by the interest to find out what the causes of internal conflicts in Africa are, the impacts and the general affect on the under-development nature of Africa in general and Nigeria in particular. To get these objectives achieved, some leading questions were asked to help enquiring into these areas. First, it tries to find out if high incidence of poverty accounts for the persistence of internal conflicts in Nigeria and secondly, to know whether the low level of development in Africa today is a consequence of persisting internal conflicts. Guided by the relative deprivation theory, the paper came up with the findings that internal conflict and undemocratisation stalls the Nigerian development and indeed African development. Based on these, the paper made the suggestions in the form of conflict resolution strategy that could put the African countries out of contentions and conflicts and in the part of development.
Key Words:Conflict, Internal Conflicts and Development.

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Abstract:Recognizing Pot Chitra as formalized folklore, the word Pot Chitra has been analyzed. The customs of picture painting and the making of elongated Pot Chitra have been discussed. Amongst the thousands of materials or objects in the folk arts it is not difficult to understand the worldly characteristics. Sometimes, the divine philosophies and the realistic philosophies have been the guide amongst these topics. The formation of art and its rhythmic outlines were attained by the artist‟s aesthetic mind. Therefore, the mass, volume and types of art-forms can be found, such as, pottery, carpentry and engraving, architecture, metal crafts, shell crafting, ivory crafting, mask making etc. Similarly in the graffiti, quilt-making, mat-crafting etc, and even in the ornament craft, the aesthetic rhythm of art is evident. Folk art, the integrated part of Bengal, displays a rich vocabulary of motifs. These motifs are deeply rooted in strong religious beliefs and underlay a strong symbolism. These motifs signify the desire for "self expression" and manifestation of the artisan‟s aspirations.

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Abstract:In most of the countries, including India status of women is inferior to men. Women's opportunities are said to be restricted by ideas among employers that only certain low level limited jobs can be performed by women. Women are thus said to be crowded into certain segments of the employment markets where wages and conditions are lower than their male counterparts. This situation aggravated due to the pressure of globalization. This phenomenon can be called marginalization of female labour". Although rapid economic development has expanded women's job opportunities, most women are concentrated in lower-status jobs and the informal sector. Indian women, in spite of enjoying better status and position compared to other developing countries, have low levels of participation in economic activity. In such setting, this study aims to take a fresh look at the current situation of gender equality in the labour market in India and examine the trend of women's employment status using both macro and micro level data and finally evaluates the effects of employment on economic independence relative to men. In the micro-level analysis the study examines the factors that led to the marginalization of women's labor force. The results suggest that women's work patterns in terms of formal vs. informal employment are determined by the family organization rather than by labor market .
Keywords-employment, empowerment, gender, globalization, marginalization

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[4] Deshpande and Deshpande (1998): "Impact of Liberalisation on Labour Market in India: What do Facts from NSSO‟s 50th Round Show?‟ Economic and Political Weekly, Vol XXXIII, No 22, May 30-June 5.
[5] Hirway, Indira (2002): "Employment and unemployment situation in the 1990‟s: How good are the NSS data?‟, Economic and Political Weekly, May 25th, 2002
[6] Lim, Linda. 1990. "Women‟s work in export factories: The politics of a cause", in Tinker, Irene (ed.), Persistent inequalities. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Love and Death in Kamala Markandeya's Some Inner Fury
Country	:	India
Authors	:	A.Phaniraja Kumar || Janardhanreddy.K
	:	10.9790/0837-0544647

Abstract: Markandeya‟s SOME INNER FURY depicted the kind of love as it existed in the westernized upper class Indian families of the 1940s though some uncommonness characterizes the relationship of Mira and Richard. Probably one can find it some traces of Kamala Markandeya herself when she had married Taylor and had finally settled in England.

[1] Some Inner Fury by Kamala Markandaya , published by Penguin Book India, ISBN: 9780143102533, 2009.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Influencing factors of Mental Health of Adolescents at School Level
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. P. Lavanya Kumari
	:	10.9790/0837-0544856

Abstract: Mental health(MH) is a state of emotional and psychological well-being in which an individual is able to use his or her cognitive and emotional capabilities, function in society, and meet the ordinary demands of everyday life. Their behaviour has impact on National Health Indicators like maternal and infant mortality.Adolescents are vulnerable to STIs, HIV/AIDS and Sexual-Abuse when there is negative impact of parents, teachers and their peer group especially upon their mental health. Several studies have emphasised serious concerns relating to adolescents that need urgent attention towards their mental health at school level itself. Caring, supportive environment will promote optimum development of Physical, Emotional and Mental health among Adolescents. Hence, the factors 'Parent Child Relation (PCR)' 'School Environment (SE)' and 'Peer Relation (PR)' are considered and their influence on mental health of adolescents is studied in this paper. Results disclose that there is high significant influence of good peer relation and healthy school environment on mental health of adolescents whereas 'Parent Child relation' has influenced moderately. It has been observed that the contribution of 'Parent Child Relation', 'Peer Relation' and 'School Environment' towards 'Mental Health' is more in girls than boys. Adolescents of Private Schools have strong parent child relation when compared to the adolescents of Government schools. But age and class of the adolescents have not shown any influence on their Mental Health due to PCR, SE and PR as there is no much gap among them.
Keywords: Mental Health (MH), Parent Child Relation(PCR), Peer Relation(PR) and School Environment(SE)

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[7] Colarossi, L.G., and Jacquelynne S. Eccles. 2003. "Differential effects of support providers on adolescents' mental health." Social Work Research, 27(1), 19-30.
[8] Collins, W. A. (2003). More than myth: The developmental significance of romantic relations during adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 13, 1–24.
[9] Connolly, J. A., Craig, W., Goldberg, A., & Pepler, D. (1999). Conceptions of cross-sex friendships and romantic relations in early adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 28, 481–494.
[10] Devi,S. and Mayuri,K. (2003). The effects of family and School on the Academic Achievement of Residential School Children. Journal of Community Guidance and Research 20(2): 139-149.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Study of Social Realism in Kamala Markandaya's Nectare in a Sieve
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. S. Shanmugam
	:	10.9790/0837-0545759

Abstract:In our day-to-day life, everyone is facing many problems. Facing the problems is not important, but sustaining it very important. Every newspaper is coming out every day at least with a suicide. Kamala Markandaya's contribution is different, because her characters try to survive in every angle. Kamala Markandaya is an Indo–Anglian novelist. She has also studied the fatalism of the Indians and their passive acceptance of the given lot. Human relationship, especially the husband and wife relationship which causes much maladjustment leading to the disintegration of the family are also examined. Kamala Markandaya's novels are complex work of art and it is possible to read them on several levels. She has deftly delineated fully developed and charming character in her novels.

[1] Arora, Sudhir Kumar, A Study of Kamala Markandaya's Women, New Delhi, Atlantic Publishers Limited, 2006.
[2] Bai, K.Meera, Method and Narrative Techniques in Kamala Markandaya's Nectar in a Sieve, New Delhi, 1991.
[3] Bhatnagar.K.C. Realism in Major Indo-English Fiction, Prakash Book Depot., Bareily,1980.
[4] Bhatnagar, M.K. "Kamala Markandaya' A Critical Spectrum, Atlantic Publishers Limited, New Delhi, 2002.
[5] Iyengar, K.R. Srinivasa, Indian Writing in English, Sterling Publishers Private Limited, New Delhi, 1983.
[6] Markandaya, Kamala. Nectar in a Sieve, Jaico Publishing House, Mumbai, 1955.
[7] Rao, A.V.Krishna, The Indo-Anglian Novel and the Changing Tradition, Rao and Raghavan, Mysore, 1972.