IOSR-JHSS   Volume-6 ~ Issue-1 ~ Nov-Dec-2012

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Theoretical And Doctrinal Foundations Of Nigeria's Peace Support Operations – A Critique
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Moses Eromedoghene Ukpenumenu Tedheke Ph.D, Moses E.U. Tedheke Ph.D
	:	10.9790/0837-0610111

Abstract:The theoretical and doctrinal focus of the Nigerian peace support operations is based on what has been described by one security practitioner as "fire next door." This is based on pure humanitarianism devoid of national interest. This has been the philosophy of Nigeria's peace keeping since in the 1960s, now nomenclatured as Peace Support Operation (PSO). The problem with the Nigerian and indeed African approach to PSOs is that a deeper investigation are not carried out on the dynamics of structural violence, based on the global social relations as the basis of world peace crises. In most cases, the secondary causal variables of crises such as ethnic differences, sectional and cultural differences are seen as the causes of the peace crises. Such approaches are not focused on the dynamics of economic inequalities as the structures that generate the crises, violence and wars, especially, in the periphery of capital. This research work, therefore, investigated the causes of structural violence that always lead to wars that Nigeria has always been called upon to keep peace. We have found out that the global uneven-development, a product of the political economy of capital is responsible for the wars that Nigeria is been called upon to keep peace. In this regard, Nigeria is playing a negative sub-imperial role to sacrifice and sustain the mess Euro-American capital has created. The fact is that others create the crises while Nigeria is called upon to keep peace a "fire next door" humanitarian endeavours.
Keywords: Inequality, exploitation, structural violence, peacekeeping

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Abstract:There is an intricate relationship between social conflict and political violence. This is anchored on the fact that both have social elements and group interest. Social conflict involves the confrontation of powers. Power takes several forms, which may be identive and assertive, altruistic and manipulative, coercive and physical among others. On the other hand, politics involves the struggle for power and this makes conflict a basic ingredient of politics. This is usually action oriented, which is intentionally meant to carry out the actor's own will against the resistance of other people, group or parties. Conflict according to Morrison and Stevenson (1971) is a "social relationship in which the actors hold logically incompatible values". So, political conflict usually involves a struggle over values, power and scarce resources. This struggle for values, power and scarce resources could result into the use of coercion or physical force, and when this method is employed, the result will be political violence.

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Abstract:This paper aims at discovering the problems faced by English Language Teachers in knowledge sharing, knowledge creation and knowledge use. The factors like large-size classes, lack of resources, prescriptive curriculum, unmotivated students and the faulty assessment system create impediments for English language teachers in knowledge use whereas the factors like centralized organizational structure, excess of work, lack of trust, lack of motivation and an absence of knowledge sharing and knowledge receiving behavior among English teachers are hurdles in knowledge sharing and knowledge creation. Data were collected through randomly selected sample of 150 in-service teachers of English. Data were simply elaborated through charts by the researchers. Finally on the basis of findings, certain generalizations are made in relation to the factors that hamper the process of knowledge sharing, knowledge creation and knowledge use. There are also given some recommendations that may be valuable for the betterment of the process of knowledge sharing, knowledge creation and knowledge use in educational organizations.
Keywords: Knowledge sharing, Knowledge creation and Knowledge use

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Abstract:The present research "Pak-US Relations in Elite Press of Pakistan and US during the Democratic Government of Pakistan People‟s Party; March 2008 to February 2012 (Media & Foreign Policy Perspective)" is focused to study the foreign policies of Pakistan and the United States of America in the editorials of the elite press during the democratic government of Pakistan People‟s Party that came into the power after the general elections in 2008.In this study two elite English newspapers from United States and Pakistan were selected for the study, "New York Times" from US and "The Daily Dawn" from Pakistan from March 2008 to February 2012. The current study is intends to find out the relationship between Pakistan and US during the democratic government in Pakistan. The main purpose behind this study is to uncover the experience of the foreign policy making by the governments of the states under study and the role played by the mass media at present. The theoretical framework for the study in hand refers to the Agenda Setting Theory as the study is focused to determine the "Media Agenda‟ of the press of selected countries and to determine the different incidents relating to the present study. In this study the contents of the editorials of the selected newspapers related to Pak-US relations are considered. The findings of the study conclude that the Pakistani media in general and the US media in particular have not followed the view points of the respective governments regarding the foreign policy of the respective countries.
Keywords: Democratic, Elite Press, Pakistan, United States

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Abstract:India has a rich tradition of environment conservation, large scale environment degradation has resulted from population pressure, industrialisation and the indiscriminate use of forest areas of fuel, power generation and irrigation purposes. The relation between population and development is a dynamic one. Present paper concerns environmental issues as related to development and population growth in Kerala. The main objective is to find out extend to which rapid population growth and industrial development is associated with the deterioration of the environment. It is the simple fact that a growing population puts pressure on both the economic and environmental systems.
Keywords-population growth, industrial development, technology, environmental deterioration

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Global Changes of Malaysia toward New Economic Model: Review and Update
Country	:	Malaysia
Authors	:	Parisa Maroufkhani, Mohammad Nourani Dargiri
	:	10.9790/0837-0613945

Abstract: Malaysia has arrived at a defining moment in its development path. Malaysia's vision 2020 is impossible without considering the global changes. The aim of this paper is to review the five dimensions toward global changes and address the latest updates for this segment of economic growth in Malaysia. These five dimensions are leadership, governance, planet, profits/productivity and people. Malaysia's overall progress shows an upward trend, but global era is a highly competitive environment. In order to be an advanced nation among other competitors, more sophisticated policies have to be made to accelerate the growth process.
Keywords: Global changes, Malaysia, NEAC, New Economic Model. Introduction

[1] World Bank, East Asia and Pacific Economic Data Monitor, 2012, Available: http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/2012/10/08/east-asia-and-pacific-economic-data-monitor [2] B. Griffith, Middle-Income Trap. Frontiers in Development Policy, World Bank Publications, 2011 , 39-42.
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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Prospects and Challenges in Empowerment of Tribal Women
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Ms. Swaleha Sindhi
	:	10.9790/0837-0614654

Abstract:Tribal development in India has been a success as the primitive societies living in remote rural areas are now educating their children and living in desirable standards. It is interesting to note that apart from several governmental efforts, the contributions of non-governmental organizations in providing training and development in different sectors of economy especially the tribal population. ERT India group initiated a survey as a part of the ERT International project to study the opportunities and avenues for the people living in remote tribal villages to acquire essential knowledge and skills for their livelihood. The project also focused on various skill development programs, especially for women. This paper discusses training as well as skills development in tribal women of Gujarat, India. The training and skill development among women would be mainly pertaining to farm forestry, papad making, sewing, cooking, sanitary pads making and so on. Women in tribal India often face abusive situations related to domestic violence, physical and mental torture, wife-beating, sexual abuse, and so forth. It is also realized that women face resistance in participating in training programmes due to sharing of responsibilities at family level. They also face barriers due to bias and discriminatory behavior common in society. Arrangements are made by the government and NGO'S to encourage women to form self-help groups and seek answers to their own problems. The paper brings out the cases of under-represented women who are successful in empowering themselves by making use of education and training. It reviews vocational and skill based training among the women of several tribal villages in Gujarat.
Keywords: Empowerment of Tribal Women, Training and skills development.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Language teaching in the Engineering colleges of Chhattisgarh A perspective
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Jaya Mishra
	:	10.9790/0837-0615558

Abstract:There are around sixty sundry technical colleges in Chhattisgarh where the students of the first year are compulsorily taught language and the subject is called 'Professional Communication in English'. The prime purpose is to help the students develop an optimum efficiency in their communication skills which may help them land good jobs in multinational companies. Having taught in standard English medium schools, initially I found this task as something very menial as the syllabus was totally devoid of any literary embellishments purely based on its basic language skills- the LSRW. But no sooner did I actually start teaching the subject than I realized my mistake. I had overestimated myself .If at schools, teaching English was a cake walk; at college level the path was strewn with stumbling blocks galore. The very simple reason- most of the students hailed from rural and underprivileged areas, no mean challenge for a language teacher.

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