IOSR-JHSS   Volume-6 ~ Issue-3 ~ Jan-Feb-2013

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Morpho-Metric Analysis of Kunah Khad, Himachal Pradesh
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Sanjay Kumar
	:	10.9790/0837-0630109

Abstract:Water is vital to life without which no living bodies can survive. It is also indispensable for economic prosperity and overall development of a nation. As such, water is considered as a prime natural resource, a basic human need and a valuable national asset. Due to the rapid increase in the population, demand for food increased and as a result to increase the production, irrigation activities spread and demand for water increased. The water is not automatically available because its renewability is governed by the ecological process that gives stability to the water cycle. The seasonal rainfall last for few days in most part of the country. This seasonal rainfall has mad impact on agriculture and social life. Frequent droughts have made it necessary to employ various water conservation methods; including traditional ones.

[1] Chorley, R.J., S.A. Schumm and D.E. Sugden, 1985: Geomorphology, Methuen and Co. Ltd., London, New York.
[2] Gautam ,N.C, Dr V Raghavswamy, Dr R. Nagaraga , Dr. G.R.Shankar , Dr P.R Mohan 1995 concept and delineation of watershed
for development , Annals, National Association of Geographers India , Val.15 No 1 PP. 53.74
[3] Horton, R.E., 1932: Drainage basin characteristics, Trans. Amer. Geophys. U. Vol. 14, pp.350-61.
[4] Schumm, S.A., 1956: The evolution of drainage systems and slopes in badlands at Perth Amboy, New Jersey, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer.
Vol. 67. pp. 597-646.
[5] Schumm,S.A., 1963 : sinusity of alluvial rivers on the Great Plains, Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. Vol. 74, pp 1089-1100.
[6] Singh, Savindra, S.S. Ojha and S.P.Agnihotri, 1984 : On the regional variations in the bifurcation ratio, in Geographical Mosaic,
edited by S.C. Mukhopadhyay, Calcatta University, pp. 203-210.
[7] Strahler,A.N., 1964 : Quantitative geomorphology of drainage basins and channel network, in Handbook of Applied hydrology
(Edited by V.T. Chow0, pp. 4.39-4.76.

Abstract:This article advocates a revolutionary approach to the problem of mass impoverishment in Nigeria. Since such a possibility is remote and forlorn without the unity of ordinary Christians and Muslims who constitute the majority in the country, both Christianity and Islam are traced to their revolutionary conclusions. In other words, the question of compatibility of each of the two religions with revolutionary wisdom is addressed, towards sensitising ordinary Nigerian Christians and Muslims on the sanctity of redemptive revolution. Poverty, hunger, and misery don't distinguish between Christians and Muslims, and those who are colluding in the mass exploitation of ordinary Nigerians are some Christians and Muslims. Unless the mass of ordinary Christians and Muslims unite against their exploiters who use religion as a means of divide and rule, paradigm may never shift in favour of the impoverished majority. The conceptual framework derives from a form of liberation theology that coincides with some (not all of) Marxist revolutionary orientation. It found seeds of revolution in the teaching and practice of both Jesus and Muhammad. It, therefore, calls on ordinary Christians and Muslims in Nigeria to unite and oppose, revolutionarily, mass impoverishment that is based on inhumanity of human beings to human beings.

[1] Adeniyi, M.O. (2004). "An Islamic Approach for Sustaining Democracy in Nigeria‟, In Islam and Democracy in Nigeria: Proceedings of the 20th National Conference of the Nigerian Association of Teachers of Arabic and Islamic Studies (NATAIS), held at the University of Ibadan, 3-7 October, 2001, (pp. 47-54).
[2] Appadorai, A. (2004). The Substance of Politics. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
[3] Baker, J. P. (1998). "Love", in New Dictionary of Theology, edited by Ferguson, Sinclair B, Wright David F. And Packer, J.I.
Leicester: Inter-Varsity Press.
[4] Bidmos, M. A. (2006). Inter-Religious Dialogue: The Nigerian Experience. Abuja: Panaf Publishing, Inc.
[5] Boer, Harry R. 1976. A Short History of the Church. Ibadan: DayStar.
[6] Casalis, G. (1981). Interview with Teofilo Cabestrero, in Faith: Conversations with Contemporary Theologians: ladislaus Boros,
georges Casalis, Jose Comblin, Enrique D. Dussel, Segundo
[7] Galilea, Giulio Girardi, Jose Maria Gonzalez Ruiz, Gustavo Gutierrez, Hans Kung, Jurgen Moltmann, Karl Rahner, Joseph
Ratzinger, Edward Schillebeeckx, Juan Luis Segundo, Jean Marie Tillard, edited by Cabestrero, T. New York: Orbis Books, pp. 21- 32.
[8] Clouse, R. G. (1998). "Love and Peace" ", in New Dictionary of Theology, edited by Ferguson, Sinclair B, Wright David F. and
Packer, J.I. Leicester: Inter-Varsity Press.
[9] Craghan, John F. 1994. "Pacifism", in The Modern Catholic Encyclopedia, edited by Glazier, M. and Hellwig, M. K. Minnesota:
The Liturgical Press.
[10] Crossan, J. D. (2007). God and Empire: Jesus Against Rome, Then and Now. HarperSanFrancisco.

Abstract:The aim of this paper is to explore the history of the Rajput rulers of Jaipur through the entry point of its Rajlok. The term Rajlok literally means the space inhabited by large number of queens, concubines, mistresses, patar, other inmates like baiji (princesses) and kawar (prince). Clearly, it was a site of restricted sexuality but excessive filial relationships. The status of ladies was well defined in a hierarchical order. The mother queen i.e. Majee Sahib genially controlled the happenings within the Rajlok. The power of majee sahib was not only confined to the domestic arenas it even extended in to the court and influenced the political shifts. Marriage alliances were forged for political and territorial gains. The queens were identified by their clan names not their personal names. Frequent visits of members from natal family to rajlok were striking feature. The nexus of rajlok not only influenced the marriage alliances with important rajput dynasties but also helped in carving political ambitions. Their chiefs (thikanedars) did same with non-kachhwah clans. The rajlok was also a site for king (Shree jee, huzur, maharajadhiraj) to welcome and bestow honor to the thikanedars. Whenever the mothers, wives, sisters and daughters of prominent thikanedar visited rajlok they were presented with gifts and money. On various festivals like teej, rakhi, diwali, dusshera and holi these ladies visited the rajlok. On many occasions ladies of chiefs were also invited. Clearly, relationships between royalty and families of chieftains were cemented through exchange of gifts and presents and by honoring them. The extended rituals performed in court and rajlok depict the hierarchy of thikanas. Thus, these religious happenings and festivals had connotation of political rituals.
Keywords: Padhravan, Rajlok, Sukh Niwas, Seekh, Thikanedars, Zenani Deodhi.

[1] Rekha Mishra, Women in Mughal India (1526-1748)( Munshiram manoharlal, Delhi, 1967)
[2] Ruby lal, Domesticity and Power in the Early Mughal World (Cambridge University Press, New York, 2005)
[3] K.S.Lal, The Mughal Harem (Aditya Prakashan, New Delhi, 1988)
[4] Harbans Mukhia, the Mughals of India (Blackwell Publishing, USA, reprint 2005)
[5] Ramdev p. Kathuria, Life in the Courts of Rajasthan, during the 18th Century (S.Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi, 1987)
[6] Varsha Joshi, Polygamy and Purdah (Rawat Publications, Jaipur, 1995)
[7] K.M.Ashraf, Life and Condition of the people of Hindustan (Oriental Publisher, New Delhi, 1970)

Abstract:The Tai-Phakes who belong to the great Tai race entered Assam in the 18th century and gradually settled in nine villages in Tinsukia and Dibrugarh districts. Namphake village situated few kilometers from the town of Naharkatiya in Dibrugarh district is one of the earliest Tai-Phake villages. Just like any other community, the Tai-Phake community has also been influenced by modernism , however, it has been able to maintain its ethnicity with respect to marriage, dress, family, religion .This has been possible due to the attitude of the people towards their culture and also due to the strong desire and efforts of these people to preserve their culture in spite of the effects of modernization and globalization.
Keywords: community, culture, ethnicity, race, Tai-Phake

[1] K.C Borah, The Tai-Phakes A Demographic Profile (Dibrugarh, Department of Economics, Dibrugarh University, 2007)
[2] Supriti Phukan, The Phakes (Guwahati, Students‟ Stores, 2005)