IOSR-JHSS   Volume-6 ~ Issue-4 ~ Jan-Feb-2013

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effective Communication of Product Information: A Copy Writing Methodology
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dandeswar Bisoyi , Dr Utpal Barua , Esha Guha
	:	10.9790/0837-0640103

Abstract:Copy writing is a process where advertisers convey the product information to customers. Copy is created to fulfill the needs of its user. In the market, copy should also represent the brand vision that companies want to communicate to their customer. Companies can create strong customer relations and recall by creating memorable messaging. Copywriting is the use of creativity in words or ideas with the focus of selling products through the creation of brands. For copywriting to be effective, one has to be original and interesting in order to influence the buying decisions of millions. In this paper, current theories of copy and models of the copy process, importance of copy in advertisement are discussed.
Keywords: Copy writing, Advertisement, Marketing, Branding

[1] S.A.Chunawalla & K.C.Sethia Foundations of advertising theory and practice (Himalaya Publishing House,Mumbi,2005)
[2] William wells, john Burnett & Sandra moriarty Advertising Principles and Practice (NJ: Prentice-Hall,Inc,2000).
[3] Advertising copy for Print media in S.A.Chunawalla & K.C.Sethia (Ed.) Foundations of advertising theory and practice (Himalaya
Publishing House, Mumbi, 2005)
[4] Copy writing for TV, radio and outdoor media in S.A.Chunawalla & K.C.Sethia (Ed.) Foundations of advertising theory and
practice (Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbi, 2005)
[5] Creating print advertising, in William wells, john Burnett & Sandra moriarty (Ed.) Advertising Principles & Practice.5
(Nj:Prentice-Hall, 2000)323-326

Abstract: Financial inclusion is assumed to be one of the key drivers of our vision of an inclusive society and inclusive economy. During post liberalization period the banking sector has grown enormously keeping pace with and in some cases leading the country's remarkable economic growth. At the same time Indian post offices are also providing banking services to the all section of people of the society since 1882. Indian post served Indian villagers as banker much before financial inclusion become buzzword and Indian post claims to be the pioneer of financial inclusion in India.
Key words: Indian post, financial inclusion, post office savings bank account.

[1] A Profile of Banks,2010-11,RBI
[2] Annual Administrative Report, 2010-2011, Assam Postal Circle
[3] Annual Report, 2010-2011, Indian Post
[4] Branch Banking Statistics, RBI, 2009
[5] Chakrabarty K.C., Deputy Governor, Reserve Bank of India, keynote address at BIS- BNM Workshop on Financial Inclusion
Indicators at Kuala Lumpur on November 5, 2012
[6] HM Treasury, 2004, Promoting Financial Inclusion, London, available at www.hm- treasury.gov.uk.
[7] Report of the Committee on Financial Inclusion, 2008, Government of India.
[8] Report of the expert committee on Harnessing the India Post Network for Financial Inclusion, 2010, New Delhi.

Abstract:Literacy is a sensitive indicator of cultural advancement of an area. Literacy helps a social group to acquire a higher social status through the process of social mobility. The abysmally low rates of growth in literacy have been the result of faulty educational policy of British Government in India. The British policy of providing education to the elite resulted in neglect of mass education. The socio-economic base of education in colonial India was extremely narrow and the door of education was closed for the economically and socially deprived sections of the society. There is a wide disparity in educational opportunities between scheduled and non-scheduled population of India. The main objective of the paper is to highlight the literacy status of scheduled castes in Uttar Pradesh and present a district wise analysis. In this paper an attempt has been made to present the educational status of scheduled caste since 1911. The first two section of the paper is devoted to the analysis of scheduled caste education during British period. The subsequent sections dealt with impact of post independence efforts. In the last section an attempt has also been made to assess the sex disparity in literacy within scheduled caste and disparity between scheduled and non-scheduled population. We find that the percentage of literates within scheduled caste population is particularly small in the districts in which their population is high. Another interesting feature is that all those districts where literacy among general population is high, scheduled caste literacy are also high.

[1] Aggarwal, S.P. and J.C. Aggarwal (1997), "Development of Education in India - Select Documents 1993 – 94", Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi.
[2] Aggarwal, Y.P. and Vemuri, M (1986), ―Temporal Analysis of Disparities in the Levels of Literacy between Scheduled Caste and Non-Scheduled Caste Population in Tilak J.B.J (ed), Education and Regional Development, Yatan Publications, New Delhi.
[3] Aggarwal, Yash (1987), ―Some Aspects of Educational Development among Scheduled Caste Population in India‖, Journal of Educational Planning and Administration, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 137-164.
[4] Aggarwal, Yash (1998), ―Some Aspects of Social and Economic Inequities among SCs in India‖, Journal of Higher Education, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 415-432.
[5] Aikara, Jacob (1996), "Inequalities of Educational Opportunities: The Case of Scheduled Castes in India‖, Journal of Educational Planning and Administration, Vol. X, No. 1, January, pp. 1-14.
[6] Barak, V.K. and Binay M. Lakra (2003), ―Literacy of the Scheduled Tribes in Jharkhand: Patterns and Disparities, 1991-2001‖, Indian Journal of Adult Education, Vol. 64, No. 3-4, pp. 19-34.
[7] Buragohain, Tarujyoti (1997), ―Differentials in Literacy Rate by Social Groups: An Analysis of Census Data across States‖, Margin, April-June & Jul-Sept. Vol. 29, No. 3&4, pp. 267-282.
[8] Chatterjee, S.K. (2000), "Educational Development of Scheduled Castes: Looking Ahead", Gyan Publishing House, New Delhi.
[9] Datt, Ruddar (1996), ―Inequalities in Educational Development with Special Reference to Literacy Status and School Education‖, Journal of Educational Planning and Administration, Vol. X, No.3, July, pp. 255-269.
[10] Ghosh, P.K. (1998), ―Disparity and Some Possible Determinants of Rural Literacy/Education‖, IASSI Quarterly, Vol. 17, No. 1, July -Sept, pp. 124-142.

Abstract:This paper investigates students' readiness and attitudes towards E-learning facility. Respondents involved were users of telecenters that are located in rural areas of Peninsular Malaysia. Results have shown that the students have positive attitude towards the usefulness of e-learning but ICT infrastructure may limit their interest. Based on such findings, this paper also provides insight of an intelligent user-centric e-learning portal that presents users with dynamic learning content. Each user is to be presented with content that suits their interest and capabilities. Hence, it may attract the user to maximize the usage of the learning portal.
Keywords: e-learning, bridging digital divide, telecenter, user-centric model.

[1] UNESCO, "Integrated ICT into Education: Lesson Learned," UNESCO Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education, Bangkok,
Thailand, Bangkok 92-9223-015-8, 2004.
[2] S. Zu, "E-Learning Importance and Design," in Distance Education and E-Learning White Papers, 2009.
[3] P. D. Johna and R. Sutherland, "Teaching and learning with ICT: new technology, new pedagogy?," Education, Communication &
Information, vol. 4, pp. 101-107, 2004.
[4] D. R. Paudyai, "E-Learning Experiences and Sustainability: A Piloting of Distance MSc. Thesis Spervision at ITC, The Netherlands,"
in International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Science, 2006, pp. 254-259.
[5] J. Gilbert, S. Morton, and J. Rowley, "e-Learning: The Student Experience," British Journal of Educational Technology, vol. 38, pp.
560-573, 2007.
[6] R. Watkins, D. Leigh, and D. Triner, "Assessing Readiness for E-Learning," Performance Improvement Quartely, vol. 17, pp. 66-79,
2004.
[7] C. Lesdon-Bandeira, "Using e-Learning to Promote Critical Thinking in Politics," Enhancing Learning and Teaching in the Social
Sciences, vol. 1, pp. 1-14, April 2009.
[8] C. Stary and G. Weichhart, "An E-Learning Approach to Informed Problem Solving," International Journal on Knowledge
Management & E-Learning, vol. 4, pp. 195-216, 2012.
[9] G. Yoshiko, M. Takeshi, Y. Masanori, S. Yutaka, K. Hiroshi, and M. Hiroyuki, "Ingenious Attempts to Develop Self -Regulated
Learning Strategies with e-Learning: Focusing on Time-Management Skill and Learning Habit," in World Conference on E-Learning
in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education 2009 Vancouver, Canada: AACE, 2009.
[10] A. Andersson and A. Gronlund, "A Conceptual Framework for E-Learning in Developing Countries: A Critical Review of Research
Challenges," The Electronic Journal on Information Systems in Developing Countries, vol. 38, pp. 1-16, 2009.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the impact of role conflict, role balance on general wellbeing among working students of Sargodha University of Sargodha. This research investigated the process by which role balance, role conflict are linked with a student's general well being. The information and data were collected from a sample of 80 university students (17-35 years) 43 were male and 37 were female had full-time and part-time job. Pearson Product correlation showed that Role-ease was positively linked with well-being, SIW was positively linked with well-being; WIS was negatively linked with well-being. Consequences supported the planned intangible model. The findings of this study may be beneficial for educational psychologist, counselors administrators policy makers, to keep these findings under consideration while taking some steps or planning something.
Keywords: General well-being, Impact, Role conflict, Role balance, working students.

[1] Buda, R. & Lenaghan, J.A. (2005). Engagement in Multiple Roles: An Investigation of the Student-Work Relationship. The
Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 6(3), 211-224.
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Family Constructs. Academy of Management Review, 25, 178-199.
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confront life choices? Oxford University Press.
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Roles. Personality &Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 30-44.
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and Work-family Conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63, 457-472.
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&Questionnaires. Eds I. McDowell &C. Newell. Oxford University Press, 125-132..
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psychological distress and perceived stress in college students. Journal of American College Health, 50(6), 281-287.
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university students. Journal of American College Health, 51,156-161.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Secularization and the Imperative of Nigeria's Secularity
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Pius Oyeniran Abioje
	:	10.9790/0837-0643137

Abstract: Since the 1979 Constitution declared Nigeria to be a secular state, there has been prevalent objection to the declaration, and obvious violations of that constitutional stipulation are rife. This undermining of Nigeria's secularity status has not been without negative consequences. As from the first Islam-related Maitatsine uprising in Kano in 1980, and subsequent ones which likewise resulted in wanton destruction of lives and property, Nigeria continues to experience religious crisis, with particular reference to the Muslim-north. Several scholars have discussed the various religious crises. This study is not about "religious tolerance", "religious collaboration", or "religious understanding through dialogue", as already done by many religious scholars in Nigeria. It argues that religious sectionalism, rivalry, favoritism, and crises will persist in Nigeria, as long as the secularity status of the country is disregarded by the religio-political leaders. The research saw a situation in which some scholars miss-represent the policy of state secularity as an anti-religious policy, rather than one that is intended to engender and sustain religious justice, peace, unity, and social progress. The study is based on participant observation (in the sense that the researcher is domiciled in Nigeria), library consultation, and internet sources.

[1] Adegbite, Kehinde. 2012. "Is Nigeria A Secular or Non-Secular State?", on http://www.nigerianmuse.com/20120525094823zg/nmprojects/ sovereign-national-conference-snc-project/is-nigeria-a-secular-or-non-secular-state/ copied 30/10/2012.
[2] Ake, C. 2000. The Feasibility of Democracy in Africa. Dakar: Council for the Development of Social Research in Africa (CODESRIA).
[3] Alana, Olu. E. 1993. "The Relationship between Christians, Muslims and Afrelists in History, with particular Reference to Nigeria",
in Abubakre, R.D., Yahyah, M.T., Akanmidu, R.A., and Dopamu, P. Ade. (eds.), Studies in Religious Understanding in Nigeria.
Nigerian Association for the Study of Religions, pp.215-226.
[4] Asae-Brown, F. 2012. "Pilgrimage on Government Budget", Business Day, Wednesday, 17 October, 2012,
http://businessdayonline.com/NG/index.php/analysis/features/46010-pilgrimage-on-government-budget.
[5] Atanda, J. A. 1989. "Conclusion, Paradoxes and Problems of Religion and Secularism in Nigeria: Suggestions for Solution". In
Atanda, J. A., Ashiwaju, G, and Abubakar, Y. (eds), Nigeria since Independence, the First 25 Years, Volume IX: Religion. Ibadan:
Heinemann Educational Books (Nig.) Ltd., pp. 184-194.
[6] Bakare, F. 2012. "Government‟s sponsorship of holy pilgrimages is sheer insanity", being a reaction to "Hajj sponsorship by
government is another avenue to steal public funds" – Kano‟s Governor Kwankwaso: A reader‟s comments, Fatai Bakare,
http://emotanafricana.com/2012/08/13/nigerian-governments-sponsorship-of-holy-pilgrimages-is-sheer-insanity/, submitted on
2012/08/13 at 12:43 pm (copied on Nov. 6, 2012)
[7] Bidmos, M. A. 2006. Inter-Religious Dialogue: The Nigerian Experierience. Lagos: Panaf Publishing, Inc.
[8] Brown, Stuart. 1997.The Nearest in Affection: Towards A Christian Understanding of Islam. Ibadan: Sefer.
[9] Cobb, John B. 1997. Reclaiming the Church: Where the Mainline Church Went Wong and What to Do About It. Kentucky:
Westminster John Knox Press.
[10] Coutts, John. 1990. Our Faith and Theirs: The Christian Looks at Other People's Beliefs. London: Challenge Books, 1990.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Attitiude towards Mathematics and Achademic Achievement in Mathematics among Secondary Level Boys and Girls
Country	:	Pakistan
Authors	:	Sarwat Mubeen, Dr.Safia Saeed, Col. Dr. Manzoor Hussain Arif
	:	10.9790/0837-0643841

Abstract:Attitudes towards are the important determinants of academic success and achievement. In order to succeed in a subject, positive attitude towards a subject is a necessary prerequisite. This also applies to mathematics, especially in case of girls as compared to boys.
Keywords: Attitude, Mathematics, Academic Achievement, Secondary Education

[1] N. Ried, Getting Started in Pedagogical Research in the Physical Sciences, Higher Education Academy Physical Sciences Centre,
University of Glasgow, UK, 2006, 32-60.
[2] W. G. Perry, Forms of intellectual and ethical development in the college years: a scheme. Jossey-Bass Higher and Adult Education
Series, 1999.
[3] Hyde and McKinley, 1996. Gender Differences in Human Cognition, books.google.com.pk/books?isbn, 1996, 132.
[4] H.Vermeer, M. Boekaerts, and G.Seegers, Motivational and gender differences: Sixth- grade students' mathematical problem
solving behavior. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92(2), 2000, 308-315.
[5] D. Fisher, and T. Rickards, Associations between teacher-student interpersonal behavior and student attitude towards mathematics.
Mathematics Education Research Journal, 10(1), 1998, 3-15.
[6] S.J. Norton, and l. J. Rennie, Students attitude towards mathematics in single-sex and Co- educational schools. Mathematics
Educational Research Journal, 10(1), 1998, 16-36.
[7] M.B. Casey, R.L. Nuttalla, and E. Pezaris, Mediators of Gender Differences in Mathematics College Entrance Test Scores: A
Comparison of Special Skills with Internalized Beliefs and Anxieties. Developmental Psychology 33(4), 1997, 669-680.
[8] J. Boaler, So girls don't really understand mathematics? Dangerous dichotomous in gender research. Paper Presented at the 9th
International Conference of Mathematics Education (ICME-9), 2000, Tokyo.
[9] D. Bono, The impact of cooperative learning on suzy and janie's attitude about math/ research report in Virginia , 1991, 137-167.
[10] D. Swetman , Rural Elementary Students' attitudes toward mathematics, rural education. International Journal of Computer
Technology and Application V.16 no.3, 1995, 20-22.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Divine Revelation in Yoruba Traditional Religion and In Christianity
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Pius Oyeniran Abioje
	:	10.9790/0837-0644249

Abstract:This paper discusses divine revelation in its various forms. The occasional conflict between some Christians and adherents of African Traditional Religion (ATR) in Yorubaland, Nigeria, was the motivation. Some large Christian population sometimes tried to prevent the adherents of Yoruba traditional religion from celebrating some of their festivals. One had attributed the conflicts to Christian absolutism and triumphalism. The impression seemed to be rife that ATR was not a revealed religion or that it did not enjoy divine revelation as applied to Christianity. It was discovered that in the view of many scholars, God is impartial, and no culture or religion has a monopoly of divine revelation. The Yoruba example also revealed that although the people did not know such biblical personalities as Abraham, Moses, David, and Jesus, they have corresponding names in their history. In place of the Bible, many scholars refer to the obviously resourceful Africa's "Oral Traditions", and even Africa's "oral literature". Christians in Yorubaland, and indeed all human beings, are, therefore, enjoined to cultivate humility, mutual respect, and brotherly sharing of knowledge and experience, since God is said to be impartial, and He alone is omniscient.
Key Words - Developing world, Environment, Hazardous Slum, social overhead capital,welfare.

[1] Adiele, S. N. 1984. "Religious C-Operation in Eastern Nigeria", in Sam Babs Mala and Z.I. Oseni (eds.), Religion, Peace, and
Unity in Nigeria. Nigerian Association for the Study of Religions, pp.183-206.
[2] Ajayi, J.F. Ade. and Robert Smith. 1971. Yoruba Warfare in the 19th Century. Ibadan University Press.
[3] Awolalu, J. Omosade. 1981. Yoruba Beliefs and Sacrificial Rites. Essex: Longman Group Ltd.
[4] Awolalu J. Omosade & P. Adelumo Dopamu. 2005. West African Traditional Religion. Ibadan: Macmillan Nigeria Publishers Limited.
[5] Balogun, I.A.B. 2012. "Religious tolerance is a Prerequisite for Peace", in I.A.B. Balogun (ed.), Religious Understanding and Co-
Operation in Nigeria: Proceedings of A Seminar Organized by the Department of Religions, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Ilorin: Department of Religions, University of Ilorin, pp. 1-9.
[6] Biobaku, Saburi O. 1991. Egba and their Neighbours. Ibadan: University Press Plc.
[7] Brown, Raymond E. 1990. Responses to 101 Questions on the Bible. New York: Paulist Press.
[8] Dulles, Avery. 1992. "Faith and Revelation", in Francis Schussler Fiorenza and John P. Galvin (eds.), Systematic Theology: Roman
Catholic Perspectives. Dublin 8: Gill and Macmilan Ltd., pp. 91-128.
[9] Dych, William. 1994. "Rahner, Karl (1904-1984)", in Michael Glazier and Monika K. Hellwig (eds.), The Modern Catholic
Encyclopedia. Minnesota: The Liturgical Press, pp. 714-716.
[10] Frankl, Viktor E. 2000. Man's Search for Ultimate Meaning: A Psychological Exploration of the Religious Quest. New York: MJF
Books Fine Communications

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Aristotelian Tragic Drama, Man and the Contemporary World: Pseudoclassicism in Ola Rotimi's Kurunmi
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Uwem Affiah, Phd
	:	10.9790/0837-0645054

Abstract:This essay examines Ola Rotimi's philosophical and artistic presentation of man as a tragic being. The essay avers that, perhaps, in the face of some contemporary world leadership problems, and in our continuous efforts to understand man, Ola Rotimi's pseudoclassicism as manifested in Kurunmi may provide some understanding of the problem. Adopting the formalistic approach out of Wilbur Scott's five approaches to literary criticism, the essay shows that Ola Rotimi's fidelity to the Aristotelian concept of tragedy is perhaps an attempt to explain some of the wonders of man's being as manifested in contemporary relations and leadership crises.
Key Words - Man, Aristotelian concept of tragedy, Kurunmi, tragic flaw, tragic vision, over-reach.

[1] Ajayi, J. F. A. Yoruba Warfare in the Nineteenth Century. London: EUP, 1967.
[2] Amuta, C. The Theory of African Literature: Implications for Practical Criticism. London: Zed Books, 1989.
[3] Brockett, O. G. History of the Theartre. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1995.
[4] Cohen, R. Theatre: Brief Version. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2003.
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[6] Dudley, D. G. and D. M. Lang (ed). Penguin Companion to Literature. Hammondsworth: Penguin Books, 1965.
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[9] John, A. "Ola Rotimi: How significant." African Literature Today No.12 1982.
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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Right to Education (RTE): A Critical Appraisal
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Uma
	:	10.9790/0837-0645560

Abstract:The importance of education cannot be denied in one's life. It sustains the human values which contribute to the individual and collective well-being. It forms the basis for lifelong learning and inspires confidence to face challenges. It provides the skills to individuals to become more self reliant and aware of right opportunities. It also enhances the ability of individuals to act more responsible and more informed citizens and have a voice in politics and society, which is essential for sustaining democracy. It is essential for eradicating poverty and it allows people to be more productive and playing greater roles in economic life and earning a better living. The education is the key which allows people to move up in the world, seek better jobs, and ultimately succeed in their lives. So education is very important, and none should be deprived of it. The importance of primary education has been neglected by India since independence knowingly or unknowingly. However, Government of India now is willing to improve primary education by bringing legislation i.e. Right to Education. The paper tries to bring out the meaning of much awaited Right to Education (RTE) 2009, act and tries to bring out the critical appraisal of the Act after three years since its passage.
Key Words - Education, Right to Education Act, promises of the act, consistent political will and attention

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[4] Government of India, RTE Act 2009.
[5] Government of India, Ministry of Human Resource Department, Department of School Education and Literacy, Department of
Higher Education, Annual Report, 2006-07.
[6] Government of India, Education in Eleventh Five Year Plan, 2007-12
[7] http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_right-to-education-act-implemented-challenges-still-remain_1366189 as on January 5, 2012.
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