IOSR-JHSS   Volume-7 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-Feb-2013

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Knowledge, Attitude and Risk Perception of Hiv/Aids among Youths in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Osonwa, O.K; Ogbuagu, U.R; Iyam, M.A; Osuchukwu N. C , Eko, J.E; Achoakawa, C.E;Osonwa, R.H; Asuquo, O.D; Onovo, A.A.
	:	10.9790/0837-0710108

Abstract:This study was carried out to find out the knowledge, attitude and risk perception of HIV/AIDS among Youths in Calabar, Nigeria. The simple random sampling techniques was used to select five hundred respondents used as the sample for the study. Secondary data were obtained from relevant documents and it provided the background information on HIV/AIDS and other related issues. Primary data constituted the inputs used for the empirical analysis of the study, obtained through the administration of questionnaire. Data collected were analyzed using frequency tables and percentages. The findings show that the awareness of HIV/ AIDS is high, but the risky sexual habits remains unimaginably high. It is recommended that other approaches of sensitization apart from the television medium should be exploited, and religious bodies fully involved in HIV/AIDS activities.
Keywords: Hiv/Aids, Attitudes, Risk, Perception, Youths.

[1] United Nations AIDS (UNAIDS, 2008). Global HIV/AIDS epidemic. 2008 Update Report.
[2] United Nations Population Fund(UNFPA).2005, State of the World Population 2005. The promise of equality, gender equity,
reproductive health and the millennium Development Goals. New York..
[3] World Health Organization(WHO).2009. World Health Status 2009. Geneva.
[4] World Bank (2001). World Development Report. Global Update 2001. Online
[5] Gottlieb, M. (1999). The Monster called HIV/AIDS. Journal of AIDS in Africa. 1 (1) 26 – 28.
[6] Simpson, B. (2008). World Class Research on "Slim Disease". Journal of Public Health. 30(12) 54 – 63.
[6] Ukpong, P. J. (2006) Primary Health Care in Nigeria: Prospects and failures. 1st ed. Ikot Ekpene: Augustinno Printers.
[7] Odutola, O. (2006) AIDS in Nigeria: A nation on the threshold. Journal of Medicine and Social Sciences.
[8] UNAIDS (Joint United Nation Programme on HIV/AIDS).2008.2008 report on the global AIDS epidemic Geneva: UNAIDS.
[9] Martinez, D. (2007) Understanding AIDS: Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention. Position Paper, Evidence – Based Care
of HIV/AIDS Patients Workshop.
[10] Oluh, C. (2007) Comprehensive Primary Health Care for Nurses and Midwives. Enugu: Snap Press Ltd.

Abstract: The paper is an attempt to find out the impact of maternal occupation on health and nutritional status of preschool children. The nutritional status of children was assessed using anthropometric data, clinical assessment and diet record. The anthropometric data were taken and compared with ICMR growth charts and nutritional status was assessed by Hamwi Method, which is also used to find the degree of malnutrition (i.e. % IBW= (actual weight / ideal body weight) x 100). There is almost a negative deviation from the standards regarding almost all age groups of both working and non working mothers. It was found that 34% of preschoolers of working mothers usually skip meals, whereas only 12 % preschoolers of non working mothers skipped meals. It was further found that children of employed mothers of 3+ age group showed mild degree of malnutrition. It is evident that maternal occupation plays an indispensible task in seminal child feeding practices which may influence child's wellbeing and development.

[1] Amin RM, Said ZM, Sutan R, Shah SA, Darus A & Shamsuddin K (2011). Work related Determinants of Breastfeeding
Discontinuation among Employed Mothers in Malaysia. Int. Breastfeed. J. Vol. 6, (In Press). 10.1186/1746-4358-6-4.
[2] Farhanah S and Naleena DM, (2012). The Association of Maternal Employment Status on Nutritional Status among Children in
Selected Kindergartens in Selangor, Malaysia. Asian Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 4: 53-66.
[3] Grzywacz JG, Tucker J, Clinch CR & Arcury TA (2010). Individual and job-related variation in infant feeding practices among
working mothers. Am. J. Health Behav., 34: 186-196.
[4] Glick. P. ( 2002). Women's Employment and Its Relation to Children's Health and Schooling in Developing Countries: Conceptual
Links, Empirical Evidence and Policies.pp 4-10.
[5] Glick, P., & Sahn, D. (1998). Maternal labor supply and child nutrition in West Africa. Oxford
[6] Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. 60(3), 325-355.
[7] Hawkins SS, Griffiths LJ , Dezateux C & Law C (2007). The impact of maternal employment on breast-feeding duration in the UK
millenium cohort study. Public Health Nutr., 10: 891-896.
[8] Hawkins SS, Cole TJ & Law C (2009). Examining the relationship between maternal behaviours in 5-years-old British children. J.
Epidemiol. Commun. Health, 63: 999-1004.
[9] Johannsen, D.L., N.M. Johannsen and B.L. Specker, 2006. Influence of parent`s eating behaviours and child feeding practices on
children`s weight status. Obesity, 14: 431-439.
[10] Lamontagne JF, Engle PL & Zeitlin, MF. (1998). Maternal employment, child care, and nutritional status of 12-18-month-old
children in Managua, Nicaragua. Social Science & Medicine. 46(3), 403-414.

Abstract:The concept of reinforcement is identical to the presentation of a reward. The present study deals with the importance of reinforcement in teaching-learning process. The data has been collected from five schools in Bongaon Municipal Area, North 24 Pgs, West Bengal, India. A total of hundred (100) students of class – IX were taken who had been equally divided into experimental groups and control groups. The main independent variable for the present study was reinforcement. The dependent variable in the study was the behavior of the students. The result of this study supported the Skinner's operant conditioning theory.
Key Words: Operant Conditioning, Reinforcement, Positive Reinforcement, Negative Reinforcement.

[1] Aggarwal, J.C.(1995) : Essentials of Educational Psychology, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
[2] Bhatia, H.R.(2005) : A Textbook Educational Psychology, MacMillan, New Delhi.
[3] Best, J.W., Kahn, J.V., Research in Education, 1986.
[4] Chauhan, S.S, Advanced Educational Psychology, (7th ed), Vikas Publishing House Pvt LTD, New Delhi.
[5] Garrett, H.E., Statistics in Psychology and Education, 1981
[6] Gay, L.R., Educational Research , 1990
[7] Good, C.V., Dictionary of Education, 1972.
[8] Kakkar, S.B. (2001) : Educational Psychology, PHI Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi
[9] Koul, L., The Methology of Educational Research, 1984.
[10] Mangal, S.K(2011), Advanced Educational Psychology ,(2nd ed), PHI Learning Private LTD., New Delhi.

Abstract:Basically Indian economy is agro based. For proper and balanced development in this sector cultivation of those crops are needed which have more economic values. In this respect flower cultivation is more important. Chapra village in Ranaghat-II block, Nadia district, West Bengal flower is the first ranking crop. In respect of flower cultivation crop productivity Index (Enyedi, 1964) and Crop Yield Index (Jasbir Singh, 1976) has been calculated of different varieties of flowers for 2000-2001 and 2011-2012 crop calendar years. Both index values have increased remarkably in 2011-2012 respect of 2000-2001 crop calendar year. Area of flower culture has increased. Flower based industries are developing gradually. Irrigation facilities, knowledge banking, training opportunities, government subsidies, favourable agro-ecological environment is responsible for this development of floriculture in chapra village.
Keywords: Sunrise Industry, Yield Index, Productivity Index, NGO, NABARD.

[1] Census Report, Government of India, 2001.
[2] Dhilon, S.S and Singh. (2005). "Agricultural Geography" ,Published by Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, West Patel
Nagar, New Delhi 110008.P-492.
[3] District Statistical Hand Book, Government of West Bengal, 2000, 2001, 2008.
[4] Das, D. (2010). "Computational Statistics of Flowering in tomato", in "Journal of Interacademicia‟ Vol-14, no-01, January, pp-121-
123, Published by Rita Sarkar, A-9121; Kalyani 741235, Nadia, West Bengal.
[5] Husain M. (2009). "Systematic Agricultural Geography" ,Published by Rawat Publications, Satyam Apts., Sector 3,Jawahar
Nagar,Jaipur-302004(India).P(430).

Abstract: Pandurang Athvale(affectionally called Revered Dadaji,born on october,1920 and died on october 25,2003)an activist philosopher of the modern age.his whole life was for human being,the swadhyay stream and devotion to God.He has explained that lord krishna has said in the gita,yath pravrutirbhutanam yen sarvamidam tatam|swakarmana tambhyachrya siddim vindati manvah||(the gita 18|46 He has activeted the swadhyayees on the base of this philosophy.he has created many eperiments namely as,Yogeshwarkrishi,Sreedarshanam,Amrutalayam,Vrikhmandir,Matsyagandha etc.The conceptual and philosophical description is presented in this paper.

[1] Athvale, P.: ''Amrutalayam (Gujrati)',' Mumbai, Satvichar- Darshan, 2004.
[2] Athvale, P.: ''Apaurusheya Lakshmi (Gujrati)'', Mumbai, Satvichar -Darshan, 2004.
[3] Athvale, P.: ''Ashah Pantha Atat karma (Gujrati)'', Mumbai, Satvichar-Darshan, 2002.
[4] Athvale, P.:'' Chaitanya (Hindi)'', Mumbai, Satvichar-Darshan, 1997,
[5] Athvale, P.:'' Goras (Gujrati)'', Mumbai, Satvichar- Darshan, 2004.
[6] Athvale, P.:'' Matsyagandha (Gujrati)'', Mumbai, Satvichar- Darshan, 2004.
[7] Athvale, P.: ''Shreedarshanam (Gujrati)'', Mumbai, Satvichar- Darshan, 2004.
[8] Athvale, P.:'' Vrikshmandir '' (Gujrati)'', Satvichar- Darshan, 2004.
[9] Athvale, P.:'' Vyasvichar (Gujrati)'', Mumbai, Satvichar- Darshan, 2002.
[10] Athvale, P.:'' Yogeshwarkrushi (Gujrati)'', Mumbai, Satvichar- Darshan, 2004.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Use and Creation of Myths in Major Works of P. B. Shelley: An Interpretation
Country	:	India.
Authors	:	Ali Saaleh Ahmed Alhaidari, Dr. S. G. Bhanegaonkar
	:	10.9790/0837-0712732

Abstract: Mythmaking is the process of endowing nature along with its elements some attributes of human beings and animals. Classic myths and its contents influence a large number of writers and lead them to adopt some of its aspects in their writings. This brief paper is a serious attempt to shed light on the influence of classic myths on some writings of Percy Bysshe Shelley. Besides, it aims at offering a glimpse on how Shelley shifts from borrowing some aspects of myths to create his own mythical wisdom.
Keywords: myth, mythmaking, mythmaker, spiritualize.

[1] Chopra, Ramesh, ed. Academic Dictionary of Mythology. delhi: Isha Books, 2005.
[2] Daly, Kathleen N., Marian Regel, ed. Greek and Roman Mythology A to Z. New York: Facts on File, 2004.
[3] Harder, Bernahard David. Narcissus Englished a Study of the Book of Thel, Alastor, and Endymion. Diss. Vancouver: University of
British Columbia, 1966
[4] Leask, Nigel. British Romantic Writers and the East: Anxieties of Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
[5] Ovid. Ovid: The Metamorphoses. Trans. Horace Gregory. New York: The viking Press, 1958.
[6] Shelley, Percy Bysshe. Adonais. Ed. William Michael Rossetti. Teddington: The Echo Library, 2006.
[7] —. The Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley. Ed. Mary Shelley. Paris: A. & W. Galingani & Co., 1830.
[8] —. The selected Poetry and Prose of Shelley. Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Edition Limited, 2002.
[9] —. The Wandering Jew. Ed. Bertram Dobell. London: Reeves and Turners, 1887.
[10] Soukhanov, Anne H., ed. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Jonathan P. Latimer, n.d.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Wordsworth as a Critique of the Unfenced Societies
Country	:	Pakistan
Authors	:	Faria Saeed Khan
	:	10.9790/0837-0713337

Abstract: Nineteenth century was the Age of steam and iron. Charles Dickens was of the view that it was the best of the times and the worst of the times. Many writers and poets, in their works depicted the unforgettable memories and stories, of class prejudice, poverty, oppression, discontent and agitation of the newly created urban class. Wordsworth in his works critique the negative impact of the Industrial Revolution on the English society.

[1] http://facta.junis.ni.ac.yu/lal/lal97/lal97-02.pdf
[2] Sunil Kumar arker, A Companion To William Wordsworth :Vol 2 ( Atlantic Publishers:2003),495
[3] Earnest De. Selincourt,ed; Wordsworth, The Prelude (London: Oxford University Press: 1965),1X1V
[4] Kenneth R.Johnston, The Hidden Wordsworth: Poet.Lover.Rebel.Spy,( New York:W.W.Norton& Company, Inc:1998),126-127-129
[5] F. B Pinion, AWordsworth Champion, (London, The Macmillian Press Ltd:1984),150
[6] Earnest De. Selincourt,ed; Wordsworth, The Prelude (London: Oxford University Press: 1965),1X1V
[7] Sayyid Mujtaba Musawi Lari,qtd;Carrel, Ethics and Spiritual Growth,(Iran: Foundation of Islamic Cultural Propagation in the World:1997)1370
[8] Sunil Kumar Sarker, A Companion To William Wordsworth : Vol 2 ( Atlantic Publishers:2003), 510 ibid,518
[9] Kenneth R.Johnston, The Hidden Wordsworth: Poet.Lover.Rebel.Spy,( New York:W.W.Norton& Company, Inc:1998),224 ibid
[10] John Purkis: Wordsworth,( India:Pearson Education Ltd:2003)49

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Role of Self Help Groups in Rural Employments of India: A Case Study of Swarn Jayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojna
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr.Archna Bundela, Dr.Kamlesh Kumar Dubey, Prof. Subodh Pande
	:	10.9790/0837-0713841

Abstract: Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana is an employment programme designed to stimulate self-employment activities and ensure that every assisted Below Poverty Line (BPL) family – SWAROJGARI - is able to earn a minimum monthly income of 2000 within three years. It aims to achieve this objective by encouraging families to engage in income-generating activities and by providing assistance through a combination of wages, technical capacity building and a package of financial assistance that includes institutional credit and subsidy. In 1999, SGSY was formed from a merger and restructuring of the Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) and allied skills generation programmes, namely Training for Rural Youth for Self Employment (TRYSEM), Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWRCA), Supply of Toolkits in Rural Areas (SITRA), Ganga Kalyan Yojana (GKY) and Million Wells Scheme (MWS). Similar to the IRDP, the target group of SGSY consists of small and marginal farmers, agricultural labourers, rural artisans and others whose annual family income is less than the BPL income level. IRDP focused on credit provision to individual beneficiaries, while SGSY focuses on skills development of groups and clusters to improve the use of credit and asset acquisition. It promotes group activities that can increase forward and backward linkages and provide sustainable incomes.
Keywords: Rural Employment, Rural Economy, Rural Infrastructure, Market Economy, Gram Swarozgar

[1] Agrawal, A.N., Indian Economy, Weily Publishers, New Delhi, (1997), p. 345.
[2] Jhingan, M.L. Economics Development and Planning, Vrinda Publication Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, (1998), p. 422.
[3] Bohre, R.K. Rural Poverty and Unemployment in India, Northern Delhi, (2002), p. 58.
[4] Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojna, General Features, Operational Guidelines (2008), Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India New Delhi.
[5] Dubey, Kamlesh Kumar & Pande, Subodh, Climate change and Food Security in India; Global Journal of Finance and Management, Research India Publication, New Delhi,(2012), p. 15-18.
[6] Das, D.K. Dynamics of Rural Development, Part-I, Deep and Deep Publications Pvt. New Delhi, (2007), PP. 113-120.
[7] Dreze, Jean. Poverty in India and the IRDP Delusion. 2009. Economic and Political Weekly.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Impact of SHGs on Women Development: A Study of Kummanpally Village, Andhra Pradesh (India).
Country	:	India
Authors	:	MarotiN.Gaikwad, SrihariC.Reddy
	:	10.9790/0837-0714248

Abstract:The self help group is functioning very effective dimension role at creating rural livelihood at sustain, the savings and group activities are eliminating poverty and creating the effective social functions by participating women at village level committees as a member at each and every village level committees. The self help group members are very active part of an economical status, through Banks and MandalSamakya (Mandal level function organization to educate and give the loans) they are getting the loan, and loan amount is utilizing for purposeful fields and at their children education, economic activity. In this village 90% of eligible women are member in any one of self help group and they are all participating at meetings and reimburse the loan amount to the bank in time, by it they are getting governmental scheme benefits and through the self help groups the women educating at all aspects of social functions and also creating the awareness at prevent malpractices and making better social adjustment. And it creates self-reliance, self-esteem, self-production, joint responsibility, self-determination by mobilizing internal indigenous resources of the person the group. Through it women educating the total family members are mobilizing at all concerns.
Keywords: Development, Economic status, Participation, Responsibility, Saving,

[1] YelneGhanshyam , Women's Participation in Self help Group, Perspective in social work, College of Social Work, NirmalNeketan,
Mumbai, vol.17, No.1, Jan-April 2002.
[2] women self help groups' success `remarkable', The Hindu, Friday, Aug 19, 2005, Hyderabad, Aug 18 Andhra Pradesh .
[3] CS Reddy, SandeepManak, APMAS CEO-Self-Help Groups: A Keystone of Microfinance in IndiaWomen empowerment & social
security October 2005.
[4] ANUPPALLE, R. REDDY-SELF-HELP GROUPS IN INDIA - A Catalyst for Women Economic Empowerment And Poverty
Eradication. 54 Workshop on microfinance.
[5] Reserve Bank of India, Report of the Internal Group to Examine Issues Relating to Rural Credit and Microfinance, July 2005.
[6] Dr. Joy Deshmukh-Ranadive- Women's Self-Help Groups in Andhra Pradesh. Participatory Poverty Alleviation in Action IFAD,
IFAD microfinance Project – India, September 2003.
[7] Kropp, Dr. Erhard W. &Suran, Dr. B.S., Linking Banks and (Financial) Self Help Groups India – An Assessment, November 2002.
[8] NABARD, SHG Bank Linkage Model-wise Cumulative Position up to 31 March 2005
[9] Katz, Alfred H., Application of Self-Help Concept in Current Social Welfare, Social Work, 10 (3) 1965.
[10] Sahoo, U.C., NGOs and Tribal Women's Participation in Self-Help Groups: An Analysis, Tribal Women Welfare, Discovery
Publication New Delhi. (1986).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	"The Need for World Class Documentation, Data and Record Centres in Universities"
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Venkata Subrahmanyam C. V.M.B.A., M.Phil., (Ph.D.), Dr. K. RavichandranM.B.A., Ph.D.
	:	10.9790/0837-0714954

Abstract: The primary purpose of this paper is - To discuss the current state of Data Management in Universities & To Suggest the ways in which Universities can manage their Data in a more effective & Efficient way rather than the conventional methods. This paper deals with the Concepts of Record Centre, Data Centre, Data Warehouse, Data warehouse in University setup & Steps in the Implementation of Data warehouse in universities.
Keywords: Record Centre; Data Centre; Data Warehouse; Data Warehouse in Universities; 21st Century Challenges for Universities; Methods of Digitization

[1] William H. Inmon (2005) "Building the Data Warehouse" 4th Edition Wiley Dreamtech Publishers.
[2] Sam Anahory, Dennis Murray (2003) "Data Warehousing in the Real World" 6th Edition Pearson Education.
[3] Patil, Preeti S.; SrikanthaRao; Suryakant B. Patil (2011). "Optimization of Data Warehousing System: Simplification in Report ing
and Analysis". IJCA Proceedings on International Conference and workshop on Emerging Trends in Technology (ICWET)
(Foundation of Computer Science) 9 (6): 33–37.
[4] "The Story So Far". 2002-04-15. Retrieved 2008-09-21.
[5] Kimball 2002, pg. 16
[6] Inmon, Bill (1992). Building the Data Warehouse. Wiley. ISBN 0-471-56960-7.
[7] Kimball, Ralph (1996). The Data Warehouse Toolkit. Wiley. ISBN 0-471-15337-0.
[8] Hillard, Robert (2010). Information-Driven Business. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-470-62577-4.
[9] http://mike2.openmethodology.org/wiki/Small_Worlds_Data_Transformation_Measure
[10] Kimball 2002, pg. 310

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Social Justice and equality in respect of Bharat Ratna
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Rakesh Kumar Ram
	:	10.9790/0837-07015557

Abstract: Bharat Ratna is most prestigious civilian award of the Republic of India. In view of this jewel of India, Babuji, Bahujan Nayak, K.R. Narayanan and Mountain Man gave extraordinary efforts in Nation Building in the field of human endeavour and public service to achieve social justice and equality. We cannot ignore those personalities who have made our country proud by excelling their own fields and bringing us international and national recognition. Some Nation builders loosed and suffered from this honour. In this research paper an attempt has been made to analysis the term and condition for awarding in respect of social justice and equality for Democratic value and dignity.

Keywords: Prestigious, Jewel, Extraordinary, Social justice, Endeavour, Depressed, Castism, Bahujan Nayak, Untouchable, Social Authority, Mountain Man, Carve, Nation building, Award

[1] Lal, shavaxa . 1954- the Gazette of India extraordinary part 1. Regulation of Bharat Ratna
[2] Govt. changes criteria for Bharat Ratna – The Hindu New Delhi- 16 December,2011
[3] Edgar 2011, P.C-105
[4] Jag Jivan Ram Encyclopadia britannica
[5] Sharma Jagdish Chandra (2002)- Indian Prime Ministers : a comprehensive study, N. Delhi, concept. P-19ISBN9788170229247.
[6] Jag Jivan Ram – Wikipedia.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Solid Waste management in World
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Sandhya Pathania
	:	10.9790/0837-07015865

Abstract: Current global MSW generation levels are approximately higher and so is the case with significant increase in per capita waste generation. Global averages are broad estimates only as rates vary considerably by region, country, city, and even within cities. MSW generation rates are influenced by economic development, the degree of industrialization, public habits, and local climate. Generally, the higher the economic development and rate of urbanization, the greater the amount of solid waste produced. Income level and urbanization are highly correlated and as disposable incomes and living standards increase, consumption of goods and services correspondingly increases, as does the amount of waste generated. Present paper is based on secondary data from government and non-government organisations. It is an attempt to highlight the ever-growing problem of solid waste in world and how it can be minimised by proper planning and management..

Keywords: MSW,

[1]. Ikonomov, L. H. (2007) Training Materials Prepared for the IFC Recycling Linkages Programme, Private Enterprise Programme, South-Eastern Europe, IFC Recycling Linkages Programme, Skopje, Macedonia, and Consulting Centre for Sustainable Development Geopont-Intercom, Varna, Bulgaria.
[2]. Lardinois, I. and van de Klundert, A. (1994) Informal Resource Recovery: The Pros and Cons, WASTE, Gouda, The Netherlands
[3]. Dias, S. M. (2000) 'Integrating waste pickers for sustainable recycling". Paper presented to the Manila Meeting of the Collaborative Working Group (CWG] on Planning for Sustainable and Integrated Solid Waste Management, Manila, 2000
[4]. Chaturvedi, B. (2006) Privatization of solid waste collection and transportation in Delhi: The impact on the informal recycling sector, paper prepared as partial fulfilment of course on Urban Issues in Developing Countries, School for Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC, December
[5]. Chaturvedi, B. (2009) A scrap of decency, The New York Times, NYTimes.com, www.nytimes.com/2009/ 08/05/opinion/05chaturvedi html