IOSR-JHSS   Volume-7 ~ Issue-2 ~ Jan-Feb-2013

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Study on the Health Status of Elderly Irular Tribal Women in Kancheepuram District
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mary Angeline Santhosam, Umesh Samuel
	:	10.9790/0837-0720104

Abstract:Indian tribals are a heterogeneous group; most of them remain at the lowest stratum of the society due to various factors like geographical and cultural isolation, low levels of literacy, primitive occupations, and extreme levels of poverty. The present paper attempts to study the health problems of the elderly Irular women in three villages of Kancheepuram district. A total of 30 elderly tribal were interviewed using a pre-tested Interview schedule. Around 66% of the women belonged to the age group of 60-69 years old. A majority of them had health problems such as hypertension followed by arthritis, diabetes, constipation etc. The results of the study showed that there is a need for geriatric clinics that can take care of their physical and psychological needs. It further stressed accessibility of health services as a main reason for the elderly not availing the health care services. The study also suggested provision of mobile clinic to cater to the needs of the community every month on a selected date on a regular basis.
Keywords: Health status, Tribal women

[1] Balgir RS. 2004a. Dimensions of rural tribal health, nutritional status of Kondh tribe and tribal welfare in Orissa: a biotechnological
approach. Proceedings of the UGC Sponsored National Conference on Human Health and Nutrition: A Biotechnological Approach
(Lead Lecture), 12-13th December 2004. Thane. pp. 47-57.
[2] Balgir RS. 2004b. Health care strategies, genetic load, and prevention of hemoglobinopathies in tribal communities in India. South
Asian Anthropologist. Vol. 4: pp 189-198.
[3] Balgir RS. 2005a. Biomedical anthropology in contemporary tribal society of India. In: Behera, Deepak Kumar & Pfeffer, Georg
(Eds). Contemporary Society: Tribal Studies (Tribal Situation in India). New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. Vol. (6). pp
292- 301.
[4] Soudarssanane M Bala,Thiruselvakumar.D, Overcoming the problems in the practice of Public helath among tribals in India, Indian
Journal of Community Medicine, Volume 34, Issue 4, October 2009.
[5] Balgir RS. 1997. Khonds – health status. In: Madhava Menon T, Sivathanu C, Prasanth KP, Sasikumar M, Mathur PRG (Eds.).
Encyclopedia of Dravidian Tribes. Trivendrum: The International School of Dravidian Linguistics. pp. 21-29.
[6] Balgir RS. 2000a. Human genetics, health and tribal development in Orissa. In: P Dash Sharma (Ed.). Environment, Health and
Development: An Anthropological Perspective. Ranchi: S.C.Roy Institute of Anthropological Studies. pp. 87-104.
[7] Mohammad Awais Tosib Alam Mohd. Asif, Socio-economic empowerment of tribal women: An Indian perspective, International
Journal of Rural Studies (IJRS), vol. 16 no. 1 October 2009, ISSN 1023–2001 www.ivcs.org.uk/IJRS Article 5 Page 4 of 11..
[8] K. Mallikharjuna Rao, N. Balakrishna, N. Arlappa , A. Laxmaiah and G.N.V. Brahmam, Diet and Nutritional Status of Women in
India, National Institute of Nutrition, (Indian Council of Medical Research), Jamai-Osmania,P.O., Hyderabad 500 007, Andhra
Pradesh, India.
[9] R.S. Balgir, Tribal Health Problems, Disease Burden and Ameliorative Challenges in Tribal Communities with Special Emphasis
on Tribes, Proceeding of National Symposium on Tribal Health.

Abstract: The word and the world are no longer coeval. The modern world, near anarchic and totally absurd, emerges like a formidable fortress with complex labyrinths. The poet, the manipulator of words, struggles with the words themselves in quest of a possible exit. The verbal artifice erects a distinct world - confusing, abstract, and volatile; the entrapped intellect reacts in a desperate attack. Human thoughts are largely shaped by cultural influences, and cultural conventions and values embedded in language of the race or clan coordinate the multiple subsystems of a larger societal organization. The fact that language, thought and socio-cultural dimensions are inexplicably intertwined, in a way indicates a deterministic perspective. However, if language itself hovers at the edge of continual flux and indeterminacy, the socio-cultural context of relevance and interpretative exercises in any given context, assume kaleidoscopic variety and generate intriguing questions. Eliot's poetry and critical formulations continually question the validity of the word as an effective communicative medium and the perennially shifting linguistic bases of cultural paradigms.
Key Words: logos, culture, limits, evolving

[1] Bakhtin, M.M., "Prehistory of Novelistic Discourse‟, The Dialogic Imagination, (ed.)M. Holquist, Austin: University of Texas
Press, 1981.
[2] Calvino, Italo, 'Philosophy & Literature‟, The Literature Machine (trans.) Patrick Creagh, London: Vintage Books, 1986.
[3] Calvino, Italo, "Cybernetics and Ghosts‟, The Literature Machine (trans.) Patrick Creagh, London: Vintage Books, 1986.
[4] Calvino, Italo, Invisible Cities, (trans.) William Weaver, London: Vintage Books, 1997.
[5] Calvino, Italo. "Levels of Reality in Literature‟, The Literature Machine (trans.) Patrick Creagh, London: Vintage Books, 1986.
[6] Chomsky, Noam, "Language and Freedom‟, The Essential Chomsky (ed.) Anthony Arnove, New York: Penguin Books, 2008.
[7] Eco, Umberto, "Interpretation and History‟, 1990 Tanner Lectures printed in Interpretation and Overinterpretation, (ed.) Stefan
Collini, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
[8] Eco, Umberto, "Language in Paradise‟, Serendipities: Language and Lunacy (ed.) William Weaver, London: Phoenix Paperback,
1998.
[9] Eliot, T. S., "American Literature and Language‟, To Criticize the Critic and Other Writings, London: Faber and Faber.
[10] Eliot, T. S., "Choruses from The Rock‟, Complete Poems and Plays of T. S. Eliot, London: Faber and Faber, 1969.

Abstract:Ever Since the enactment of the 73rd and 74th Amendments to the Constitution of India "Empowerment of women at the grassroots‟ has become a popular concept that is used by many with varied meanings and explanations. One third of the seats out the three levels of the grassroots institutions have been reserved for women of all categories. This has raised expectations among the different sections of the community that this group of women will become a critical mass, which in turn, will make an indelible difference to the management of these institutions at the grassroots level. Such an expectation has grown to the extent that the existing development paradigm will undergo drastic changes in the system of benefits. The traditionally bound social system the male-centric society and other institutions do mount pressures on these women at work.

[1] Abdul Aziz, Decentralisation-Mandal Panchayat System in Karnataka, Hydrabad, 1995.
[2] Abraham Mathew, Role of panchayats in Welfare Administration, Kalpooz Pubilcations-Delhi-2005.
[3] Amareswar Mishra, Urban Government and Administration in India, Meerut, 1986.
[4] Amreshwar Avasthi.S. Public Administration, Agra, 2002. Amitava Mudherjee, New Panchayat Raj institusious in New Delhi,
2004.
[5] Anju Bhatia, Women‟s Development and NGO‟s- New issues in Panchayati, Calcutta, 1982.
[6] Arulselvam.M. Tamil Nadu Urban Localbodies rules, Chennai, 2000.
[7] Ashok Kumar Jha, Women in Panchayat Raj Institutions, New Delhi, 2004. Barthwal.C.p. Understanding Local Self-Government.
Lucknow, 1977.
[8] Bhagwant Singh,Panchayat Raj in India, Tomar, 1991.
[9] Bhupinder Singh, Role of Democratic Decentralisation, New Delhi, 1999.
[10] Chopra,J.K. Local Self-Government and Municial Administration, New Delhi,1990.

Abstract:The aftermath of West African Berlin Conference of 1884 -1885 has remained a turning point in the historical reconstruction of most of the traditional African politics. Apart from the fact that it marked the new phase of foreign political domination of the African peoples, it also transformed the African political structures to accommodate the interest of the new masters. In Ilorin Emirate, as it were in most other parts of the traditional Caliphate in Nigeria, the consequences of the European led war of pacification is far reaching. This study is to provide an insight to the changes witnessed in the Ilorin political structure, as direct consequence of British political diplomacy in a part of Africa

[1] Elphinstone K.V.,Gazetteers of the Northern Provinces of Nigeria Vol. III the Central Kingdom, p. 9.
[2] Hogben S.J, the Muhammedan Emirates of Nigeria, (Oxford University Press 1966), pp. 161 – 163.
[3] NAK/SNP/15/11 Carnegie to H. C. July 1900.
[4] NAK/SNP/15/11 P. Dwyer to H. C. August 1900.
[5] NAK/SNP/15/11 H. C. to P. Dwyer, September 1900.
[6] NAK/ILO/PROF/1/1 Report No 6 January 1903.
[7] NAK/SNP/5173/1907 Report on Ilorin Prof. 1906.
[8] Obaro Ikime, the fall of Nigeria, Heinemann Educational Books Ltd. 1977 P. 129.
[9] Omoiya,S.Y. "The Life and Times of BalogunInakoju Ali 1827 –1910" B.A. Long Essay. Submitted to University of Ilorin.1986 Pp
33 – 35.
[10] Omoiya,S.Y "The Impact of Colonial Administration on Political Insitutions in Ilorin 1897 – 1960",M.A. Ibadan.1988 pp. 32 – 33.

Abstract: Sex ratio is important parameter for the study of demographic, socio-cultural and economic status of any region. In the present study, attempt has been made to analyse the changed phenomena of sex ratio in tribal population of Nashik district of Maharashtra state. The demographic parameter has been taken into account for the study of human resource development. Any part of the world, sex ratio has given an important place in the study of human resource development. The regions, where sex ratio is low, have posed an unpleasant problem of gender discrimination, resulting in the fall in the status of human resource.
Keywords: sex ratio, gender.

[1] Agarwal P.C.and Khan Z.T.(1988), " Spatial Analysis of the level of regional development in Madhya Pradesh", Modern
Geographical trends, Ed.By P. Pandey, p.p.315.
[2] Agrahari, K.C., Singh, V.K., Chandana, V. (2008) : "Demographic study and Sustainable Development of Sonbhadra District, U. P ",
Uttar Bharat Bhoogol Patrika, Gorakhpur, Vol. 38, No.12, Pp. 107-109
[3] Bhasin V. (2004) : Sexual Illness and Underutilization of Biomedicine among Tribal Women of Rajasthan. Anthropologist, 6(1): 1- 12.
[4] Bhat, A. R. (2005) : "Human Resources and Socio-economic Development in Kashmir Valley-A Geographical Interpretation",
Dilpreet Publishing House, New Delhi.
[5] Bhende, A., Kanitkar, T. (1978): "Principal of Population Studies", Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.
[6] Census of India 2001 (2001) : "Sex-composition of The Population", Chapter 6, Census of India 2001, Series 1, India, Paper 1 of 2001
[7] Chaudhari, B. (1982) : Tribal Development in India, Problem and Prospects,
[8] Jain, N. (1998) : Tribals in Maharashtra State: A Report. In: Vidyut Joshi (Ed.): Tribal Situation in India, Issues in Development.,
Rawat Publications, Jaipur, pp. 91-104. Inter India Publication.
[9] Joshi, A. and Tiwari, N. (2011) : "Sex Ratio in India–Embarrassing to be Honest", Current Science, Vol. 101, No. 8, Pp. 1006-1008.
[10] Musmade A., More J., Saptarshi P (2011) : A Geographical analysis of sex ratio in Rahuri tahasil of Ahmednagar district., paper
Vol.XXVII(2).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Comparative study of the Sports Achievement Motivation between Male and Female School Basketball Players
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Phairembam Jiteshwor, Nomgmaithem Sunderlal, Dr. S. Ranjit Singh, Hassan gharayagh zandi, Naorem Jinet Singh
	:	10.9790/0837-0722326

Abstract: Several factors influence the selection of the specific sports participation of the current study. First the researcher's familiarity with basketball through participation experience, specially with regard to motivation, initially spurred interest in the examination of motivational difference among male and female basketball players. Like physical fitness, the psychologist status of male and female basketball players is different. However, such a comparative study of sex-wise difference on sports achievement motivation in basketball is measure. Thus the purpose of the present study was to compare the Sports Achievement Motivation between Male and Female School Basketball Players of Pune City. SAMT consist of 20 Multiple Choice Questions of 40 marks. Each Question carries two (2) marks for correct answer and zero (0) mark for wrong answer. The question measured the extent to which student were motivated towards sports achievement. Considering the population of the study.
Keywords: Sport Achievement Motivation, School male and female, Basketball Players, Independent t-test, stratified random sampling, Puna City.

1] M.L. Kamlesh, "Educational Sports Psychology". ( New Delhi-Friends Publication, 2006).
[2] Robert Glyn C. "Achievement Motivation in sports". Department of Physical Education.University of Iltinous.
[3] M.L. Kamlesh, "Educational Sports Psychology". ( New Delhi-Friends Publication, 2006).
[4] C.P. Singh, M. Ahmed, and I. Hussain, "A Comparative Study of Sports Achievement Motivation between Male and Female
Badminton Players"Vyayam-Vidnyan, 43(3), 2010, pp.30-33. www.bjsm.bmj.com/content/44/supplement_1
[5] K. Kaur, N.P. Sharma and D.K Dureha."Relationship between Achievement Motivation and Pre-Competition Anxiety of Indian
Inter University Hockey Players" Scientific Journal in Sports and Exercise,3(2), 2007, pp.24-26.
[6] B.S. Thakur, and L. Mohan "Personality Traits, Anxiety and Achievement Motivation Level of Volleyball Players and Non-
Spotmen",Journal of Sports and Sports Sciences, 31(4),2008, pp.23-29.
[7] Tammy A. Schilling. "Achievement motivation: Conceptions of ability, subjective experience, task choice, and performance".
Canadian journal of sports Psychology,91, 2001, pp.238-246.
[8] M.L. Kamlesh. "Sports Achievement Motivation Test"http//Shodhaganga. Inflibnet.ac.in /10603/2737/12/12 – chapter 3. 1990
[9] Z. Khan, S.Khan, and N.Ahmad"Sports Achievement Motivation among Asian Players" AMASS Multilateral Research Journal,
2(2), 2010, pp.7-9.
[10] D.K. Dureha, M. Singh, S. Yaduvanshiand P Mishra, "A Comparative Study of Incentive Motivation and Anxiety Level between
National and International Hockey Players" British Journal of Sports Medicine,44(1), 2010,pp.58.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Implementation of citizen-centric e-Governance projects in Assam
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sri Keshabananda Borah.
	:	10.9790/0837-0722734

Abstract:The term e-governance is of recent origin and there exist no standard definition since its conceptual understanding is still evolving. e-governance is beyond the scope of e-government. While e-government is defined as a mere delivery of government services and information to public using electronic means, egovernance allows direct participation of people in government activities. As such e-governance brings a new concept of citizenship both in terms of needs and responsibilities.

[1] "E-Governance: an overview in the Indian context", Sumanjeet, vol- IXVII, IJPS, Dec, 2006.
[2] "Introducing e-governance: History, definitions and issues", Ake Gronlund, Orebro University, communication of the Association for information system, Volume 15, 2004.
[3] "Right to information as a too to promote and strengthen democracy", Dr. Padmarani, Global Media Journal, Dec, 2010.
[4] "Effective e-governance for good governance in India", N.S.Kalsi, Ravi Kiran and S.C Vaidya, International Review of Business
Research papers, Vol-V, 1st January, 2003.
[5] "Role of e-governance in Tackling corruption and achieving societal harmony: Indian Experience", Dr. R.D. Pathak, Dr. R.S. Prasad,
Beijing, Dec, 2005.
[6] "Lesson from e-government initiatives in Uttar Pradesh," Shefali Nandan, Allahabad, India.
[7] "15th National conference on e-governance Award, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 2012.
[8] "e-districts cuts through red tapism citizen service delivery", Pratap Vikram Singh, Apr il, 2012.
[9] "ICT and e-governance: A complete overview", Monika Gupta, journal of information and operations management.
[10] "A new public management perspective in Indian e-governance initiative", Gyan Prakash, Avantika Singh.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	How can Dialogue Journal Writing improve learners' writing performance in the English as a Second Language context?
Country	:	Malaysia
Authors	:	Maryam Foroutan, Nooreen Noordin, Mohd. Sahandri Gani Hamzah
	:	10.9790/0837-0723542

Abstract: This paper compared the effect of two different methods in writing including dialogue journal writing (DJW) and Topic-Based writing (TBW) on the overall writing performance based on categories, content, organization, vocabulary, language use, and mechanics. In this quasi-experimental study, forty intermediate English students at a Malaysian university participated. TBW group (n=20) received conventional writing instruction through which teacher corrected and provided feedback on students' writing tasks explicitly, while DJW group (n=20) applied dialogue journal writing through which the teacher provided feedback indirectly by rewriting the sentences and handing the students some examples compiled in the handouts. The quantitative research findings suggest that each writing method can be applied by writing instructors to assist their learners on different writing tasks. Implications of the study will be discussed based on the findings reported.
Keywords: Communicative approach, dialogue journal writing, motivation, topic-based writing, writing performance

[[1] A. Cumming, and A. Riazi, Building models of adult second-language writing instruction. Learning and Instruction. 10, 2000, 55- 71.
[2] D.R. Ferris and J. S. Hedgcock, Teaching ESL Composition: Purpose, Process, and Practice (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.2nd
ed, 2005).
[3] J.K. Peyton, Students and teachers writing together: Perspectives on journal writing (Alexandra, VA: Teachers of English to
Speakers of Other Languages, Inc. 1990).
[4] J.K. Peyton and L. Reed, Dialogue journal writing with nonnative English speakers: A handbook for teachers (Alexandria, VA: TESOL, EDRS No. ED 365 139, 1990).
[5] M. Song, The effect of dialogue journal writing on writing quality, reading comprehension, and writing apprehension of EFL
college students, 1997, (ERIC 410766).
[6] L. Reid, Exploring the ways that dialogue journaling affects how and why students write: An action research project. Teaching and
Change. 5(1): 1997, 50-57.
[7] V.L. Holmes and M.R. Moulton, Dialogue journals as an ESL learning strategy. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy.
40(8),1997, 616-621.
[8] J. Kreeft, Dialogue writing: Bridge from talk to essay writing. Language Art, 61(2), 1984, 141-150.
[9] Y.M. Wang, E-mail dialogue journaling in an ESL reading and writing classroom. International JI .of Educational
Telecommunications . 4 (2/3), 1998, 263-287.
[10] J.K., Peyton, J. Staton, G. Richardson and, W. Wolfram, The influence of writing task on ESL students' written production.
Research in the teaching of English. 24 (2), 1990, 142-171.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Attitude of Parents-Teachers towards the use of Instructional Technology in Teaching Numeracy to Children with Mild Intellectual Disability: A Case of Penang Malaysia
Country	:	Malaysia
Authors	:	Taibat Bolanle Adiat, Aznan Che Ahmad, Munirah Ghazali
	:	10.9790/0837-0724347

Abstract: Integrating instructional technology into teaching and learning numeracy for the individual with mild intellectual disability not only make teachers' job easier but also impose a responsibility on them. This study investigates attitude of parents-teachers towards the use of instructional technology in teaching numeracy to children with mild intellectual disability in Penang Malaysia. The study adopted pure descriptive method and the sample comprised sixty participants. It was revealed from the result of the study that students with mild intellectual disability parents and teachers are familiar with usage of computer. More so, there was no significant difference between the teachers and parents. However, female teachers have higher mean compare to that of male teachers, and also, female parents have higher mean than male parents on the use of instructional technology in assisting the learning of their children at home. It is therefore, recommended that parents and teachers should keep it up with the use of computer and other instructional technology in teaching and learning children with mild intellectual disability.
Keywords: Parents and teachers' attitude, Instructional technology, Children with mild intellectual disability

[1] Uzma, E. (2001). Role of Educational Technology in Teacher Training. Islamabad: Allama Iqbal Open University
[2] Rose, D. & Meyer, A. (2000) The Future is in the Margins: The Role of Technology and Disability in Educational Reform
[3] Keil, F. C. (2008). Adapted minds and evolved schools. Educational Psychologist. 43 (4), 196-202.
[4] Christensen, R. (2002). Effects of technology integration education on the attitudes of teachers and students. Journal of Research on
Technology in Education, 34, 411-433.
[5] Vannatta,& Fordham, N. (2004). Teacher dispositions as predictors of classroom technology use. Journal of Research on
[6] Technology in Education, 36, 253-271.
[7] Migliorino, N. J., & Maiden, J. (2004). Educator attitudes toward electronic grading software. Journal of Research on Technology in
Education, 36, 193-212.
[8] Smith, K., & Shotsberger, P. (2001). Web-based teacher education: Improving communication and professional knowledge in
preservice and inservice teacher training. Available [online]. Eric Document #ED459161.
[9] Wernet, S. P., Olliges, R. H., & Delicath, T.A. (2000). Postcourse evaluation of WebCT (Web Course Tools) classes by social work
students. Research on Social Work Practice, 10 (4), 487-504.
[10] Almekhlafi, A.G. (2006a). The effect of computer assisted language learning (CALL) on United Arab Emirates English as a
foreign language (EFL) school students achievement and attitude. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 17(2), 121-142.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Repercussions of Globalization As Seen Through Diasporic Literature
Country	:	India
Authors	:	B. Sreekanth Reddy, Dr.P.Padma
	:	10.9790/0837-0724851

Abstract: Globalisation though necessary for the all round development of a nation or individual but unconciously has brought out many controversial issues. It encouraged the people to migrate to western countries for a better life, economy, education,etc. In spite of the open economic system,new settlers confronted with the issues of inability to cope up with the traditions and culture of the alien land.The tecnological advancement brought alienation, uprootedness, lonliness. Due to this the concepts of marriage, intergenerational conflicts, cultural dilemmas have been challenged. An effort is made to bring to lime light the pain that the migrants feel. Many of the issues are often exposed by the diasporic writers. Most of them have actually experienced these issues of multiculturalism, nostalgia, inter-generational conflicts, familial. relations etc. An effort is made to expose these issues through the short stories as written by some diasporic writers.

[1] Dhawan,R.K, ed. Writers of the Indian Diaspora. New Delhi: Prestige, 2001.
[2] Divakaruni, Chitra Banerjee. London: Black Swan Transworld, 1997.
[3] Hall, Stuart.(1990). "Cultural Identity and Diaspora" Ed
[4] De, Shobha. Socialite Evenings. New Delhi: Penguin, 1988.
[5] Ashcroft, Bill, Gareth Griffiths, and Helen Tiffin. (1998). Key concepts in Post-colonial Studies: the key concepts. London:
Routledge.
[6] Sireesha, Telugu, "Diasporic indian women writers" New Delhi: Prestige Books

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Fiscal Reforms in India
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Neha Tomar Singh
	:	10.9790/0837-0725263

Abstract: Fiscal Policy assumes a central place in the overall macroeconomic framework. As government sector and private sector compete for resources and for consumption in the economy, fiscal policy needs to be designed in a framework where an increase in government activity would result in net gains to the economy even when it may negatively impact in private sector activity, or reduce foreign exchange reserves or increase the monetary base. The specific objectives of the research are as to addresses the vital area of reforms, viz. fiscal reforms, to evaluate the impact of fiscal reforms on the public finances of the Union and state governments to analyze the outcome of the different tax measures and public expenditure,
Keywords: Fiscal reform, Critical study, Indian economy, Fiscal discipline,Govt. policies

[1] Acharya, Shankar., 1983, ‗Unaccounted Economy in India: A Critical Review of Some Recent Estimates', Economic and Political Weekly, December 3.
[2] —1988, ‗India's Fiscal Policy', in R.E.B. Lucas and G.F. Papanek (eds.), The Indian Economy: Recent Development and Future
Prospects, New Delhi and Oxford: Oxford University Press. —2001, India's Macroeconomic Management in the 1990s, Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, New Delhi. — 2002, ‗Macroeconomic Management in the Nineties', Economic and Political Weekly, April 20.
[3] —2005, ‗Thirty Years of Tax Reform in India', Economic and Political Weekly, May 14.
[4] Acharya, Shankar and Associates, 1985, Aspects of the Black Economy in India, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy, New Delhi.
[5] Acharya, Shankar and S. Madhur 1983, ‗Informal Credit Markets and Black Money: Do They Frustrate Monetary Policy?', Economic and Political Weekly, October 8.
[6] Aghevli B. and M. Khan, 1978, ‗Government Deficits and Inflationary Process in Developing Countries', IMF Staff Papers, September.
[7] Ahluwalia, M.S., 2002, ‗Economic Reforms in India Since 1991: Has Gradualism Worked?', The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol.16, No.3, 67-88.
[8] Ahluwalia, Montek S., 2002, ‗India's Vulnerability to External Crisis: An Assessment', in Montek S. Ahluwalia, S.S. Tarapore and Y.V. Reddy (eds.), Macroeconomics and Monetary Policy: Issues for a Reforming Economy: Essays in Honor of C. Rangarajan, Oxford
University Press.
[9] Ahmed, M., 1968, ‗Cost of Tax Collection in India', Economic and Political Weekly, February 17.
[10] Ahmed, E. and N. Stern, 1983, ‗The Evaluation of Personal Income Taxes in India', Development Economics Research Centre,
Discussion Paper No. 36, University of Warwick.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Protection of Children from Sexual Abuse
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Shayan Dasgupta
	:	10.9790/0837-0726471

Abstract: There is a an unending silence around this subject and a very large percentage of people feel that this is a largely western problem and that child sexual abuse does not happen in India. Indian society has tried very hard to sweep the issue of child sexual abuse under the carpet. It starts with the family hushing up instances of sexual abuse of children within the family, resulting in underreporting of the issue. In a democracy, unless the society recognizes the issue no law can be formulated to regulate it. In many places, adults were outspoken about sexual violence, but rarely did adults speak of children's risk of sexual abuse within the home and family context. The shame, secrecy and denial associated with familial sexual violence against children foster a pervasive culture of silence, where children cannot speak about sexual violence at home, and where adults fail to accept the trauma the victim goes through
Keywords: Abuse, Child Sexual abuse, Law and effectiveness, Paedophile

[1] Child Trafficking Documents , Child trafficking in India.
[2] Martin J, Anderson J, Romans S, Mullen P, O'Shea M (1993). "Asking about child sexual abuse: methodological implications of a two stage survey". Child Abuse & Neglect17 (3): 383–92. doi:10.1016/0145-2134(93)90061-9.PMID 8330225.
[3] Wells, M.; Finkelhor, D.; Wolak, J.; Mitchell, K. (2007). "Defining Child Pornography: Law Enforcement Dilemmas in Investigations of Internet Child Pornography Possession"(PDF). Police Practice and Research
[4] Clift, Stephen; Simon Carter (2000). Tourism and Sex. Cengage Learning EMEA. pp. 75–78. ISBN 1-85567-636-2.
[5] Ministry of Women and Child Development Study report , 2007
[6] Stop Child Trafficking, 2010.
[7] ECPAT study report in association with Sanlaap NGO, Sex Trafficking of Children in India, 2005
[8] Asian Development Bank. Combating Trafficking of Women and Children in South Asia: Regional Synthesis Paper for Bangladesh,
India and Nepal. Manila, 2002.
[9] ECPAT International. Global Monitoring Report on the Status of Action Against Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children – India. Bangkok, Thailand, 2006
[10] UNODC. Global Report on Trafficking in Persons. 2009.1 "The Facts About Child Sex Tourism". Fact Sheet. US Dept of State,
Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons. February 29, 2008.