IOSR-JHSS   Volume-7 ~ Issue-3 ~ Jan-Feb-2013

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Arabic Travelogue of Shaykh Ibrahim to Nigeria as In His Naynil-Mafāz: Translation and Appraisal
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Dr. S.A. Shittu
	:	10.9790/0837-0730108

Abstract:Travelogue played a vital role in developing Arabic Language and its culture in Africa especially during the medieval period. At this point in time Arabs and non-Arabs became adventurers who made tour to African countries at large and West Africa in particular. Such travelers include IbnBatūta, IbnKhaldūn, al- Bakri al-Mas'ūdī among others. Their documentation of events serves as a great treasure in preserving environment, state and culture of Islam in those countries visited. Shaykh Ibrahim al-Kawlakhi of Senegal'sNaylul-MafāzbilAwdiIlal-Hijāz is an excerpt from Majmū' al-Rihlātush Shaykh Ibrahim (The compendium of Shaykh Ibrahim's journey), it is a 71 lines poem rendering an account of his journey to Nigeria on his way to and from the Holy land for pilgrimage. This paper commences with a brief biographical account of the erudite Sūfī poet, English translation of the poems precedes the content analysis of the poems. The poem is a comprehensive record of Sufi leaders in Nigeria, important eminence and even security men who joined his admirers in welcoming him with aura of dignity. His vivid description reveals love, kind gesture and rare hospitality received from his hosts. The influence of the poem on West Africa Sufi writers and adherents concludes the work.

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Abstract: Minority people are facing challenges in Bangladesh for decades on the impacts of State's denial of rights to a section of people in the country. Rulers always use law to realize their dishonest intention. Bangladesh got such experience for several times. When State appears to be the best patron to the process of discrimination, injustice and violation, the targeted communities are deprived of their economic, political and cultural existence. In Bangladesh, because of the prevailing 'Constitutional equality and moderate Muslim democracy' propaganda, the agonies of vanishing minorities go unknown and unheard to international communities. Denying people's rights equality and democracy becomes meaningless, which ultimately benefits none. For a sustainable development State must embrace all including minorities, with due honor and respect
Key Words: Group, persecution, religious minority, violation, vanishing minority.

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Abstract:The current study is aimed at critical discourse analysis of the news headlines about Imran Khan‟s peace march towards Waziristan. Twenty news headlines were randomly selected from local English papers, local Urdu papers and foreign English papers. The critical discourse analysis of research data elucidated how a single news item was differently presented in different newspapers based on the ideological perspectives of their editors. The local papers aimed at highlighting the political dimension of peace march and it tried to focus on the criticism raised by the politicians against Imran Khan while the foreign papers adopted a more direct approach by advocating the issue of drone attacks and criticizing the role of Pakistani government policies in creating hindrances in the march. Another significant point of foreign media was the specific focus on the participation of Americans in peace march termed as "protest against drone attacks" by the press. The study concludes that news are representation of editor‟s ideologies and it depicts their political, personal and national inclination in spite of their claim to be unbiased and neutral in their approach.
Key words: News Headlines, peace march, drone attacks, ideology, critical discourse analysis

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Abstract:Regional disparities are caused by a number of factors that lead to misallocation, under utilization of resource, etc. Regional disparities lead to various economic, social and cultural problems. In micro-level study, regional disparity is a key factor for development. Especially, for health care infrastructures it becomes a key issue in that region. Health condition of any person shows its economic strength and working ability. It is the way of development.It is the primary need to human beings. In the present paper analyses has been made to study the imbalances in the level of development with spatial emphases on the regional dimension. To analyze the regional disparities of nineteen blocks of Birbhum district, eight variables have been selected.The Deprivation Index and Development Index of every blocks and every variables have done through calculation.In the analysis it has been observed that, the blocks of Sainthia, Bolpur-Santiniketan and Labpur are the more developed blocks in respect to health care infrastructure and the blocks of Nalhati-I, Suri-I, Mayureswar-I and II are the less developed blocks , which needs more planning to develop the health care infrastructure.
Keywords: Regional disparities, Deprivation Index, Development Index, Health care infrastructures, Micro-level.

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