IOSR-JHSS   Volume-7 ~ Issue-4 ~ Jan-Feb-2013

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Distortions in the Nigerian Economy and the Roadmap to Vision 2020: Lessons from Past Development Strategies
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Enobong C. Umobong, Usenobong F. Akpan
	:	10.9790/0837-0740103

Abstract:It is generally agreed that the existence of government in an economy is to promote societal welfare. In order to properly organize and manage the use of resources to achieve desired goals and objectives, governments normally initiate economic frameworks, blueprints, roadmaps or plans which guide and coordinate economic activities within the economy. Thus, between 1960 to date, Nigeria has initiated several plans, frameworks, policies and strategies which, though well intended, have not significantly met the aspirations of her citizens. Presently, the desire of the country is to be among the top 20 economies in the world by the year 2020. The major concern of this paper is that since the present distortions in the Nigerian economy which the Vision 20:2020 seeks to address do not exist in historical vacuum, a re-assessment of the forces that held back Nigeria in the past is essential.
Key Words: Nigeria, Development, Roadmap, Vision 20:2020

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Abstract: Women and Human Rights at a glance' is a much debated topic in the contemporary society. Today the world has gone far ahead in its material progress. Inventions have become popularized, communities have become stabilized and people have become sophisticated. We, the citizen of the new millennium are destined to tune with the new wave of developments happening in the entire world now. It is the apt time to analyze the world from different angles. One of the chief dimensions or angles is to study women and human rights in its true perspective. This study is hypothesized that human rights are the basic and inalienable rights equally provided to all and in special it relates with women in their spheres of life. The study signifies the human rights and its influences on women. The idea of human rights is as old as the history of man kind. By virtue of being born as a human being, man is entitled to enjoy these rights. Human rights are moral claims which are inseparable and inherent in all human individuals. As these rights have become an integral part of every culture, civilization, religion and philosophical traditions, it is equally important that we should take steps to safe guard them. This article intends to familiarize us with the different areas of concern regarding human rights and to keep us aware of the danger in violating them especially with regard to women in all scenario of life.

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Abstract:In this paper the authors will try to identify, and measure where possible, social and economic impacts attributable to increase in the number of mobile phone subscribers. While different aspects of growth e.g. GDP and mobile penetration for a country can be correlated; measuring exact contribution of it, is not the scope of this work. Apart from economic aspects the sociological changes being brought about by increased use of mobile is also going to be discussed. A more qualitative analysis is done in this regard due to difficulty in obtaining primary or secondary data
Key words:Mobile phones, socio-economic effects of mobile phones.

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Abstract: The study revisits the doctrine of purchasing power parity (PPP) for four major bilateral exchange rates against Indian rupee namely; rupee-dollar, rupee-pound, rupee-yen and rupee-euro exchange rates. First, the long run validity of the hypothesis is tested using Granger-Engle cointegration along with Johansen multivariate cointegration technique. Both the tests provide support for the PPP hypothesis at the long run. Further, the issue is examined under time domain framework using recently advanced Wavelet-based regression analysis that provide decisive support for the PPP over 4~8 months horizon for rupee-dollar exchange rate and over 4~8 months as well as over more than 32 months horizon for the rupee-Yen exchange rate.
Keywords: Cointegration, Foreign exchange rate, Purchasing power parity, Wavelet.

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Abstract: The global interest in halal diet is growing faster than ever. With the steady growth in the world Muslim population coupled with mass production of halal foods, this trend is expected to continue ad-infinitum. Many sources have declared Islam to be the fastest growing religion in the world. In 2008, the National Geographic published a report quoting a Vatican source that Islam has overtaken Catholicism to become the largest religion. With Muslims now at about 17.4 percent of the world population, it is understandable why the global quest for halal products continue to increase.

[1]. Adbdul Rahman R. and Mohamed Z. (2011) , Malaysian Halal food entrepreneurs perspective towards globalization - A conceptual framework (electronic copy), Social Science Reserch Network, New York
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[5]. Billauer B.P. (2009), On Salmonella: You Say Tomato…. I Say Hogwash': Reflections on Bioterrorism and Pandemic Preparedness (electronic copy), Social Science Reserch Network,New York
[6]. Gonzalez C.G. (2011), Theoretical Perspectives Introduction: The Global Politics of Food, University of Miami Inter-American Law Review, Vol. 43, Miami
[7]. Havinga T (2010), Regulating Halal and Kosher Foods: Different Arrangements Between Stat, Industry and Religious Actors, Erasmus Law Review, Vol.1, Issue 4, Rotterdam
[8]. Ippolito R.A.(2003) The Health Effects of Alcohol: Do Controls for Demographics and Other Risky Habits Affect the Conclusions? George Mason Law & Economics Research Paper No. 04-05, George Mason University, Virginia
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[10]. Klatsky A.L (2003), Moderate Drinking andReduced Risk of Heart Disease, in Alcohol Research & Health Vol. 27, No. 1 (electronic version), National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

Abstract: This paper attempts to identify and point out the true protagonist in Lorca's "The House of Bernarda Alaba."The researcher believes that although Bernarda enjoys this position in popular literary practice yet the character of Pepe is a more profound and influential one. The paper also shows that Pepe does not appear physically onstage, even once throughout the play, still the influence exercised by him has far reaching consequences in the making as well as the unfolding of the play. Pepe is responsible for all the action in the play and is such an influential figure that he is able to challenge Bernarda's control and cause mutiny in the house thus establishes his supremacy over Bernarda as the protagonist..
Keywords : Action, Challenge, Consequences, Control, Influence, Mutiny, Protagonist

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Abstract: Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice has several minor characters which are realistically portrayed. Charlotte Lucas is one of them. She is the eldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Lucas and is portrayed as a victim of her society. The dominant theme of this novel is marriage and is the only hope for her as she is a realist. She has plain appearance and is not in a position to disregard social conventions. Hence, she has practical good sense and a practical view of matrimony. Her marriage with Mr. Collins is not self-deception as she marries with her eyes open. For this reason, she does not consider her marriage a mistake though it is loveless. She is a fictitious character, but we should remember that Austen's characters are from real life. Charlotte's marriage is symbolic showing the financial insecurity of marriageable girls in her times. Therefore, her inability to disregard the existing social code needs to be judged from the viewpoint of 18th century England. However, we cannot overlook her as a character who has admirable qualities. She draws mixed reactions. Some find her a moral failure and some appreciate her decision to marry Mr. Collins for financial security. Through her character, the agonies of unmarried women, their yearning for marital safety are exhibited in this novel. This paper focuses on the grounds for Charlotte's decision to marry Mr. Collins, the conditions of women of her society and her likeable qualities which save her marriage and individualize her.

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Abstract: The study examines the effects of sociological and psychological factors on migrant and non-migrant children in Kosi basin. The data obtained by random sampling was based on two sub-groups of Religion (Hindu-Muslim), Gender (Female-Male) and Socio - Economic Status (High-Low). A 2x2x2x2 factorial design was used to study the effect of above mentioned factors on migration of children. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)-12 was applied to study the mental health of migrant and non-migrant children sample. For Analysis of the obtained data, calculation of percentages was applied. The findings indicate that percentage values of mental health scores of Hindu-Muslim low socio-economic status male-female migrant children sample were much lower than their counterparts. It proves that socio-economic status factors have strong impact on mental health of migrant children.
Key words: Flood disaster, Gender, Mental health, Migration, Religion

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Abstract: The study examine the validity of J-curve Hypothesis in the Nigerian economy, the study employs Cointegration, Vector Auto regression Estimate, Granger Causality and Variance Decomposition to analyze the hypothesis. the study shows there is absence of long-run relationships among variables under consideration but the study found short run relationship between exchange rate devaluation and trade balance through Granger causality test and therefore confirming the existence of J-curve hypothesis i.e domestic currency devaluation have bi-directional effect on trade balance in the short-run but with little effect in the long-run and hence, the needs to diversified the sources of foreign exchange apart from petroleum sector, so as to benefit from the initial devaluation of the domestic currency, in term of increasing their exports earnings.
Keywords: J-curve effect, Devaluation, Vector Auto regression Estimate, Granger Causality and Variance Decomposition.

[1] Kulkarni, K. Readings in International Economics. New Delhi: Serial Publication 2007.
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Abstract: Different ethnic groups of Bangladesh and their colorful lifestyles have significantly enriched the entire culture of Bangladesh. For centuries, Bangladesh has been the dwelling place of different ethnic groups. At least 350 million people worldwide are considered to be indigenous and in Bangladesh about two million indigenous people of 45 different distinct communities are living throughout the country ( Hossain, 2003). These people with distinctive social and cultural practices, languages and customs are commonly known as 'Adivasis' by themselves. Among them Khasis are one of the most disadvantaged and vulnerableAdivasi community living in Sylhet and Moulvibazar districts. They have been characterized by the dominant groups as distinctive with their comparatively more isolated habitation in the hilly and forest areas and their distinct socio-economic and cultural lives ( Munda,2002). TheKhasiMongolite ethnic group. The Khasia's descended to the Khasia hills and Jaintia hills from Cherapunji and Shilong regions. They migrated to Bangladesh from Assam where they came about five hundred years ago, presumably from Tibet, and now form one of the major matriarchal tribes in Bangladesh. Khasias are short people with flat noses and mouths, high jaws, and small and straightened black eyes.
Keywords: Khasi, Socio-economic, Modernization, Karitas, matriarchal.

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[5] Dutta, P.N. 1982. Impact of the West on Khasi and Jaintias (A survey of political, economic and social change), Cosmo Publications, New Delhi, India.
[6] Field work & interview with Khasia
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[9] Munda, R.D. 2002. India's Protection and Promotion of Tribal Rights: Obligation under ILO convention on Indigenous and Tribal
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Abstract: The study investigated the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of sandwich under graduate students of Delta State University, Abraka, on condom use for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STls) and unwanted pregnancy. This is with a view of assessing the relevance of knowledge to attitude and practice. Three hypotheses were generated to guide the study. A self designed (KAP) questionnaire with 18 questions items were used to generate information. The sample was 610 students. Percentages and chi- square statistics were used to analyze the data. It was found that students had good knowledge of condom use towards the prevention of STls and unwanted pregnancy. There was also a relationship between knowledge and attitude. Males and females do not differ in their knowledge, attitude and practice of condom use. It was recommended that family and sexuality education be a part of the school curriculum, while the media should continuously be used to campaign for the use of condom in the prevention of STls and unwanted pregnancy.
Key words; knowledge, attitude, practice, condom, sexually transmitted infections (STls), unwanted pregnancy,

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