IOSR-JHSS   Volume-7 ~ Issue-5 ~ Jan-Feb-2013

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Trade Unionism and the Enhancement of Workers' Welfare in Nigerian Maritime Sector: An Empirical Analysis.
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Stephen Adi Odey, Ph.D, Emeka, Josephat Owan, Ph.D, Ogabor, John Ofana
	:	10.9790/0837-0750108

Abstract: This study focuses on the influence of trade unionism and the enhancement of workers' welfare in Nigeria, using maritime workers' union of Nigeria as a case study. This relationship is analysed empirically, using the one-way analysis of variance and Pearson product moment correlation statistics were used to analyse the data. The findings showed that the level of negotiation adopted by union members exerts significant influence on workers' welfare. The study observed that the deprivation of workers from benefiting from their welfare package either by management or sometimes by ill-mannered union leaders was responsible for majority of the conflicts and strikes in work settings in our contemporary economy. Accordingly, trade unionism should be encouraged in all work settings and its leader vested with knowledge of industrial relations, union leaders should be individuals who seek after the welfare of its members and not their personal benefits.

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Abstract: The study examined some social-psychological factors that affect sexual self disclosure among heterosexual adolescents in Nigeria. A sample of 172 University undergraduates comprising of 70 males and 102 females in the age bracket of 19 to 34 years were used. Using the independent t-test statistic, it was found out that age or sex is not a significant factor influencing sexual self disclosure. However, findings revealed that length of intimate relationship is a significant factor that influences sexual self disclosure [t (159) = 2.52; p .05]. Findings are therefore discussed in light of available literature and it is recommended that sexual self assertiveness skill acquisition should be taught adolescents in schools and homes to help them communicate sexual needs and initiate sexual behavior with intimate partners. It is assumed that such skills would help adolescents live a fulfilled marital life in later years and improve the effectiveness of preventive programmes for adolescents' sexual risk taking behaviors.
Keywords: Intimate Relationship, Sexual Self-Disclosure, Adolescents, Nigeria.

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Abstract:This is the first time that a comprehensive survey of Persian grammar evolution has been done. From the hundreds of Persian grammar books, this book was selected. this book were the pioneer to be the founder of innovative Persian grammar theories in their time and were the most influential on their addressees and till now they are still used in educational academic institutes for research and in Persian grammar research in Iran. The book by HomayounFarrokh is in 1142 pages. The research method in this study was based on descriptive and library and note taking method.The traditional grammar changes were studied and its ability to provide a scientific inclusive, comprehensive and economic theory was analyzes.The findings in this article can be used to provide a scientific, inclusive and comprehensive grammar book in which can lead to simpler and less voluminous books which are user-friendly and can reach grammar with more simplicity and in shorter period of time
Key words: Comprehensive Persian Grammar,Grammar, Descriptive Linguistics, Sentence,Traditional Grammar.

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Abstract: Spirituality has been defined in numerous ways which include; a belief in a power operating in the universe that is greater than oneself, a sense of interconnectedness with all living creatures, and an awareness of the purpose and meaning of life and the development of personal, absolute values. It is the way a person finds meaning, hope, comfort, and inner peace in one's life. Spirituality cannot be explored using scientific methods because it involves deeply personal, subjective experiences, and in this it differs from the over-riding ambition of science: to be objective. Well being is not just the absence of diseases or illness. It is a complex combination of a person's physical, mental, emotional and social health factors. Well being is strongly linked to happiness and life-satisfaction. In short, well being could be described as how one feels about oneself and one's life. The main purpose of the paper is to find out whether Homosexuals (Gays) who are different in their sexual orientation may have different spiritual well – being as compared to hetero sexual. Being a human -spirituality of homosexuals may match with the heterosexual but because of their sexual orientation they may have different well being as compared to heterosexuals. To study this spiritual well-being scale was used. The scale was given to 60 males (30 heterosexuals and 30 homosexuals) of age between 21 to 40 years. The result shows that there is no significant difference in the spiritual well-being, religious well-being and existential well-being of homosexuals (Gays) and heterosexuals male.
Keywords: Spiritual Well-Being, Homosexual, Gays, Heterosexual

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