IOSR-JHSS   Volume-9 ~ Issue-5 ~ Mar-Apr-2013

Abstract: Nationalism in India, though universally affecting the whole of the sub- continent, was an uneven development, originating indifferent parts of India at different points of time. The uniqueness of the Nationalist Movement in Tamil Nadu was due to the Swadeshi and boycott ideology and political activities of V.O. Chidambaram pillai and accompanied with other nationalist.

Key words, Swadeshi and boycott ideology of VOC- Revivalist and Nativist sentiments of VOC- Birth of Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company- Labour unrest and Swadeshi- VOC with SubramaniyaBharathi and Subramaniya Siva-

[1]. T.N.Vallinayagam, CekkiluthaChemmal Chidambaram.International Institute of Tamil Studies, Madras, 1985,p.10.
[2]. B.G. Varma,Remembering Our Leaders. New Delhi: Children‟s Book Trust, 1990,p.66.
[3]. International Encyclopaedia of Social Science, 1972 ed.
[4]. R.A. Badmanaban, BharathiaipatiryNanbargal. VanathiPathipagam, Madras, 1982, p.20.
[5]. VOC, Subramanian, Camp., VOC KandaBarathi. Madras Primeier Co., Madras,1946, p.7.
[6]. V.O. Chidambaram Pillai,Suyasarithai. Rpt. of the 6th ed. Madras: The Indian Siva Sithanta works Publishing Society, Tinnevelly Ltd.,1990, p.41.
[7]. N.Rajendran, National Movement in Tamil Nadu.Oxford University Press, 1994, p.86.
[8]. M.Krishnaswami, Biography of VOC. Hariharan Press, Madras, 1908, p.18.
[9]. "Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company, Tuticorin, File‟. Public Miscellaneous Bundle No. 35, p.7-8, Tamil Nadu Archives.
[10]. India, 22 December 1906.

Abstract: In Angela Carter‟s fictions are found three types of characters. In her earlier works we can find the female characters who are submissive and remain as "puppet‟ controlled by the puppet player – the male gender. They have no free thought and wait for the society say the male gender to teach them what to do. But in her later works the female characters are quite impressive. They are self-determined and enjoy their natural sexuality and erotic desires. They are called the "New Women" – who think with their feminist views. Third types of women are those who transform themselves from the first type to the second. Carter here wants the readers to see the problems and "fear‟ that the women encounter in the society, and through her "New Women", gives the message of "hope‟ of how the women should see themselves.

Keywords: Carnivalesque, Determinism, Feminism, Post-Structuralism, Queer Theory

[1]. Paulina Palmer, 'Gender as Performance in the Fiction of Angela Carter and Margaret Atwood' in Joseph Bristow and Trev Broughton, eds., "The Infernal Desires of Angela Carter‟ (Longman, 1997)
[2]. Angela Carter, "Nights at the Circus‟, (London: Vintage, 1984, p70)
[3]. Angela Carter, "The Magic Toyshop‟, (London: Virago, 1967, p102-103)
[4]. Angela Carter, "The Magic Toyshop‟, (London: Virago, 1967, p186-187)
[5]. Angela Carter, "The Magic Toyshop‟, (London: Virago, 1967, p126-127)
[6]. Angela Carter, "Nights at the Circus‟, (London: Vintage, 1984, p57)
[7]. Angela Carter, "Nights at the Circus‟, (London: Vintage, 1984, p37)
[8]. Angela Carter, "Nights at the Circus‟, (London: Vintage, 1984, p334)
[9]. Angela Carter, "Nights at the Circus‟, (London: Vintage, 1984, p338-339)
[10]. Angela Carter, "The Bloody Chamber‟, (London: Vintage, 1979, p108)

Abstract: The tools invented by humans have are having far reaching consequences on our society. Today we are living in information societies that are having an impact on our lifestyles. This is visible if one analyzes the trends in the societies. Information today is at the fingertips of many individuals, who uses new technologies for various goals, sometimes for self-gratification and at times for society, specially the media tools; The jet speed of information that passes from one corner of the world to other in seconds is used and abused by many: he/she may find some of this information useful and some redundant, but he is part of this ecology and is directly or indirectly affected by it. The internet is one environment where we see groups catering to the needs and necessities of their own, and these groups can very often be divided on a given issue. The various groups on internet are creating parallel worlds trying to destroy the other, also impose their hegemony by using all the mechanisms available.

Kye words: Information societies, media, media environments, retribalization.

[1]. McLuhan, Marshall (1962) The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man, New York: Mentor Books.
[2]. McLuhan, Marshall (1964) Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man, New York: McGraw-HilI.
[3]. McLuhan, Marshall and Barrington Nevitt (1972) Take Today: The Executive as Dropout, Don Mills: Longman
[4]. McLuhan, Marshall (1979) 'Living at the Speed of Light', unpublished manuscript.
[5]. McLuhan, Eric and Frank Zingrone (eds) (1995) Essential McLuhan, New York: Routledge.
[6]. Virilio, Paul (1995) The Art ofthe Motor, J. Rose (trans.), Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
[7]. Virilio, Paul (2000b) The Information Bomb, New York: Verso.
[8]. Militant and hate group Internet use grows. (2010 March 15) Reuters. Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/03/15/us-internet-hate-idUSTRE62E40O20100315

Abstract: This article is about how people would respond, if they have to 'wait' for something or somebody and how they spend the time in waiting. 'Waiting' may be expected or unexpected. The concept of 'waiting' is, maybe, a less preferable topic for a serious researcher. As for my knowledge is concerned, a few articles or papers on this topic have been published so far. I have been observing people who get tensed, get irritated or get angry while waiting for. These scenes have prompted me to do some research work on this topic. In this article, I try to present the workings of the minds of people while they wait for. Wonderful, beautiful, astonishing, and very grave findings have been found when I meet and ask different people about their reactions to 'waiting'.

Keywords: Waiting, Duel functions of 'Waiting', Outcomes of 'Waiting', Positive outcomes, Negative outcomes, Other outcomes, Manage 'waiting' well, Waiting at Home for Somebody, Waiting at Home for Something, Waiting at Workplace, Waiting at Other Place, Waiting for Something Which Will Take a Long Time

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Abstract: Three hundred Maharashtrian postgraduate students (21-26 yrs) were chosen at random from purposely selected seven colleges of Parbhani town, Maharashtra state. Seventy two percent of the sample PG students hailed from middle SES group and the remaining 23 percent from low SES. The data was collected personally interviewing the PG students based on the interview schedule cum checklist. Majority of the PG boys and girls expressed unfavourable views about taking or giving dowry in marriage. Significantly a higher percentage of the Maharashtrian PG girls reported positive views about divorce for valid reasons as compared to their male counterparts. Majority of them had favourable views about remarriage of divorced / widow / widower for the reason of preventing problems of singlehood and to have a partner to lead a happy life and majority of them have not favoured singlehood for the reasons - difficult to live without a companion and exploitation of self by people. Significant differences were found in their views based on SES and gender.

Keywords:- Dowry, Divorce, Remarriage, Singlehood, Marriage, Marriage trends, Mate selection,

[1]. Bharati, D. and Patnam, V. (1995).Cited in dissertation on Perceptions of college girls about marriage and mate selection submitted to Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani.
[2]. Deshpande, and Patnam, V. (2000).Cited in dissertation on Perceptions of slum girls about selected aspects of marriage and mate selection submitted to the Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani.
[3]. Goldstein, J. R. and Kenney, C. T. (2001). Marriage delayed or marriage forgone. American Sociological Review, 66:506-519.
[4]. Gunjal, A. and Patnam (2001) Cited in dissertation on Opinions of rural girls about marriage and mate selection submitted to the Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani.
[5]. Joglekar, J. (1999). Castisim in marriage market. Daily newspaper Maharashtra Times, 22 December.
[6]. Mayuri, K. (1999). Opinions of youth about dowry. J. of Social Welfare,54(11):93.
[7]. Nadagouda, S. and Saroja, K. (1990). Attitudes of married and unmarried Hindu working women towards dowry. Abstract of research studies Rural Home Science College, Dharwad: 28.

Abstract: Prison is a place where the criminal justice system put its entire hopes. The correctional mechanism, if fails will make the whole criminal procedure in vain. The doctrine behind punishment for a crime has been changed a lot by the evolution of new human rights jurisprudence. The concept of reformation has become the watchword for prison administration. Human rights jurisprudence advocates that no crime should be punished in a cruel, degrading or in an inhuman manner.1 On the contrary, it is held that any punishment that amounts to cruel, degrading or inhuman should be treated as an offence by itself.2 The transition caused to the criminal justice system and its correctional mechanism has been adopted worldwide. Here the inquiry is made to know the extent of inclusion of these human rights of prisoners into Indian legislations.

 Assistant Professor, Bhavan's N. A. Palkhivala Academy for Advanced Legal Studies, Ramanattukara, Kozhikode, Kerala. 1 Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1984.

2Id., Art. 4.

3 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966, Art. 10

(3) mandates that the essential feature of correctional system should be reformation and rehabilitation of prisoners.

4 Basic Principles for the Treatment of Prisoners, 1990. Principle 1. 5

Frank Pakenham, Lord Longford, The Idea of Punishment (1961),Geoffrey Chapman, London, p. 55.

6 The Prisons Act, 1894, s. 3 (1).

7 See s. 2 (b).

8 See Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons Under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment, 1988.

Abstract: A cross sectional study was done to investigate the impact of media on the physical health of adolescents in Chennai. Media usage was found tobe highly influencing factor for the physical health of adolescents. The sample comprised of 448school students in the age range of 11-17. A semi structured questionnaire was used to get information. The results revealed that 90% of the participants eat while watching TV. 33% eat fast foods at least once a week. 82% buy food products based on advertisements and 59% skipped some outdoor activity for TV. 42% diet&42% exercise to get the body like their favorite media personality. The Chi square test resulted significant associations of BMI vs the variables such as eating fast foods(p 0.027),frequency of outdoor play(p 0.019),eating while watching TV(p 0.037),dieting for changing the body image like their favorite media person(p 0.033),skipped some outdoor activity for TV(p 0.018). Further regression analysis was carried out for BMI interval and other related media usage variables and it suggested that the odds of media usage as a predicting factor for BMI are increased 2-3 units. Thus the Study concluded that educating adolescents to use media on time and constructively will improve their health holistically.

Key words: Adolescents, Impact, Media, Physical health, & Regression

[1] American Academy of Paediatrics; council on communications and media. Policy statement media violence. [2] Progress for Children ,A report card on adolescents Number 10, April 2012 WHO

[3] Victoria J. Rideout, Ulla G. Foehr, and Donald F. Roberts, Kaiser Family Foundation study. Generation M: Media in the Lives of 8-18 year-Olds. October 7, 2012.

[4] Report card on adolescents 2010-UNICEF

[5] Ferdon, PhD and Marci Feldman Hertz, M.S, Corinne David Electronic media violence and adolescents: an emerging public health problem,–Journal of adolescent health 41 (2007) s1-s5

[6] Karen Martin, Electronic Overload: The Impact of Excessive Screen Use on Child and Adolescent Health and Wellbeing , The University of Western Australia, 2011

[7] Granich J, Rosenberg M, Knuiman MW, Timperio A.Individual, social, and physical environment factors associated with electronic media use among children: sedentary behavior at home J Phy Act Health. 2011;8(5):613.

[8] Pink B Household Use of Information Technology:. Australia-2008-09: Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics; 2009

[9] Jeanne B. Funk*, Heidi Bechtoldt Baldacci, Tracie Pasold, Jennifer Baumgardner Violence exposure in real-life, video games, television, movies, and the internet: is there desensitization? Journal of Adolescence 2004,(27) 23–39

[10] Hancox RJ, Milne BJ, Poulton R.Association between child and adolescent television viewing and adult health: a longitudinal birth cohort study. Journal of Adolescence 2004, 2723–39.

Abstract: A large portion of Zimbabwean parents/ guardians saw great relief when teacher incentives were introduced. This followed a spate of industrial actions such as strikes, demonstrations, stay-always. The introduction of teacher incentives meant that students could go back to school and learn. This paper argues that this move did not solve the problem of low teacher remuneration. It attended to the symptoms, but left the cause(s) getting more and more malignant. It examines the twin-evils that have been born by teacher incentives. The inequalities that existed before Zimbabwe became politically independent, are being perpetuated in the sense that the poor families are segregated. They have no access to quality- education simply because they cannot afford to raise the teacher incentives. Worse still, unionism especially for civil servants has been crippled.

[1]. Borg, WR and Gall, M.D (1996) education research an introduction. Longman, New York
[2]. Cohen, l and Manion, L (1995) Research Methods in Education, Cearedon Press, London Cole, G.A (1997) 4th E.D. Personnel Management Theory and Practice, Continuum London.
[3]. Davies, P and Freedland (1983) Kahn- Freunds's Labour and The Law, 3rd Edition Glewwe, S Newman, B and Kremmer, N (2008). The role of the teacher incentives. Allyn and Bacon New York Guba, E.G (1981) The alternative paradigm Dialogue, Sage Publishers, Newbury.
[4]. Haralambos, M (1990). Sociological themes and perspectives. MacMillan, London ILO Convection 154 (1981) Collective Bargaining Geneva, ILO Publications.
[5]. Labour Act: Chapter 28:01(2003) Harare Government Publishers Madhuku L (1997) The right to strike in Southern Africa. Volume , international Labour Review. 509.
[6]. Magaramobe M. Et.al (2003) Human Resource management ISBN 1- 77938-245-6. Zimbabwe Open University, Celoys Print, Harare
[7]. Milkovich, GT and Newman, JM (1986) Compensation Irwin, Washington Moorhead, G and Ricky W.G (1995) Managing People and Organisations. Houghton Miffin, Bonston.
[8]. National Education Advisory Board Report (2009) Harare, Zimbabwe.
[9]. Nziramasanga (1999) Zimbabwe Report of the Presidential Commission of enquiry into education and training : Zimbabwe Government Printer, Harare Salamon, M (1998) Industrial Relations- Theory and Practice, New Jersey, Prentice Hall.
[10]. Statt, D.A (1994) Psychology and the World of Work, MacMillan Press (LTD) London Vroom, VH and Deci, E.L (1970) management and Motivation: Selected Readings, Penguin Books USA

Abstract: Inorder to better the situational reality of women, several efforts are taken from international to local level. Existing social realities of women shows that those measures are not adequate enough and match up the desired outcomes. Sensitisation on various gender issues is also used as one of the efforts to address the problems faced by women in Society. Paper intends to take up the method of sensitisation but with a difference. Numerous debates and research prevails on the issue of "women empowerment‟. Our consciousness aware of those issues pertaining to gender but may be due to obsession of our consciousness most often with utilitarian attitude; the consciousness doesn‟t get attached to the issue. But asking the basic question, "What is in women empowerment‟ may trouble the consciousness and has the possibility to open it up. This question can also satisfy our prevailing predominant utilitarian consciousness which requires the answer for, "What do we get from women empowerment?‟, "whether it benefits me in anyway‟. Here, the paper addresses the basic questions and the answer is compiled with sufficient logical arguments supported with empirical data. Thus, the paper attempts to sensitise that women empowerment is not merely supplement, but inevitable for the holistic empowerment of the society.

Keywords- basic question, necessity of women empowerment, Social realities of women, Sensitisation, utilitarian consciousness

[1] www.unwomen.org

[2] Jensen, Lois, Women‟s & Children‟s Rights: Making the Connection, Published by UNFPA and UNICEF, 2010.

[3] www.undp.org

[4] Human Development Report 2011, Sustainability and Equity: A Better Future for All, UNDP, USA.

[5] Ministry of Women and Child Development, A Handbook of Statistical Indicators on Indian Women 2007, Government of India.

[6] http://wcd.nic.in/ (Ministry of Women and Child Development)

[7] http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_322_en.pdf
[8] http://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/oes/disc_papers/ECE_DP_2012-1.pdf (A discussion paper of UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE Geneva, Switzerland)

[9] http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/index.shtml

[10] World food programme, WFP Gender Policy 2009, policy, planning and strategy division, Italy.

Abstract: This paper explores the advantages associated with research over disadvantages. This paper emphasis the research should be mandatory for teachers who are guides or prospective guides and research publications should be one of the requirements for promotion.

Key words: Higher Education, Academic, faculty, Reward, Promotion, Quality

[1] Gogolin, I. (2010) European Educational Research Quality Indicators (EERQI): State-of-the-Art Report. Available at http://www.eerqi.eu/sites/default/files/EERQI%20state-of-the-art%20reportdecember%202010.pdf
[2] Allen Consulting Group 2004, International comparison of research quality in the New Zealand tertiary education system: Discussion Paper. Retrieved 11 February 2005,from http://www.allenconsult.com.au/nztec/
[3] Allen Consulting Group 2005, Measuring the Impact of Publicly Funded Research, A report to the Department of Education Science and Training. Retrieved 09 May2005 from http://www.dest.gov.au/sectors/research_sector/policies_issues_reviews/key_issues/research_quality_framework/publications.htm
[4] Andrews, L., Aungles, P., Baker, S., & Sarris, A. 1998, Characteristics and Performance of Higher Education Institutions (a preliminary investigation). Canberra: Research Branch, Higher Education Division, DETYA.
[5] Ashworth, A., & Harvey, R. 1994, Assessing Quality in Further and Higher Education, London: Jessica Kingsley.
[6] Australian Government. 2004, 'Quality and accessibility frameworks for publicly funded research', Backing Australia's Ability: Building Our Future through Science and Innovation. Retrieved 10 February 2005, from http://backingaus.innovation.gov.au/2004/research/qual_pub_res.htm Australian National University (ANU) 2003, 'Research and research training management report', Research Office Research Data. Retrieved 14 February 2005, from http://www.anu.edu.au/ro/data/index.php
[7] Australian Research Council (ARC). 2003, 'Implementation plan for national research priorities', ARC Publications. Retrieved 17 March 2005, from http://www.arc.gov.au/publications/arc_publications.htm#priorities Australian Science and Technology Council (ATSEC) 1989, Profile of Australian Science: A study of the current state and potential of basic scientific research. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. Australian Vice-Chancellors Committee (AVCC) 2003, 'Evaluation of the knowledge and innovation reforms: AVCC submission', Submission to Reviews & Inquiries 2003 Retrieved 11 March 2005, from http://www.avcc.edu.au/documents/publications/stats/Research.pdf Australian Vice-Chancellors Committee (AVCC) 2005, 'Higher education research data collection time-series data 1992-2003', Research. Retrieved 14 February 2005, from http://www.avcc.edu.au/content.asp?page=/publications/stats/research.htm
[8] AVCC/ACDP Working Party 1988, Performance Indicators. Canberra: Australian Vice Chancellors Committee.
[9] Ball, R., & Wilkinson, R. 1994, 'The use and abuse of performance indicators in UK higher education', Higher Education, 27, 417-427.
[10] Bird, S. M., Cox, D., Farewell, V. T., Goldstein, H., Holt, T., & Smith, P. C. 2005,'Performance indicators: Good, bad, and ugly', Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, 168(1), 1-27.

Abstract: Protest has been instrumental in forcing the introduction of most of the freedoms that now exist in liberal democracies. Direct action, mostly nonviolent, played a major role in the ending of slavery, extension of the franchise, curtailing ruthless aspects of the exploitation of labour and extending rights to women and minorities.

Key words: Democracy, Non-Violence, Protest with peace, People's participation

[1]. Arun,B S. (Jan 6, 2013). Curbing the right to Protest.Published in Deccan Herald. http://www.deccanherald.com/content/303282/curbing-right-protest.html
[2]. Carter. (April. 1973). Direct Action and Liberal Democracy. London: Rout ledge and Kegal Paul.
[3]. Lakshmi, Rama. (August 25, 2011 ) In India, protests spark debate on democracy‖Retrieved fromThe Washington Post. http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2011-08-25/world/35270312_1_parliament-debate-democracy-hunger-strike
[4]. Magnier, Mark. (September 20, 2012)India's wave of protests: do they hold water?‖ Retrieved from The Sunday Morning Herald.http://www.smh.com.au/world/indias-wave-of-protests-do-they-hold-water-20120919-266sm.html#ixzz2GbyMRTKS
[5]. Macpherson, C. B. (1972). The Real World of Democracy. Oxford University Press, New York.
[6]. Penny, Laurie. (November 25, 2010). Inside the Whitehall kettle:Police violence against children, Published in New Statesman Magazine. http://www.newstatesman.com/blogs/laurie-penny/2010/11/children-police-kettle-protest
[7]. Martin, Brian. Protest in a liberal democracy‖ Published in Philosophy and Social Action, 20 (January-June 1994), 13-24.
[8]. Seghal,Siddharth. (August 23, 2011). Peaceful protests in India set example for othersRetrieved from Opinion/Kaleidoscope. (http://studentmedia.uab.edu/2011/08/peaceful-protests-in-india-set-example-for-others/)
[9]. Sharp, Gene. (1973). The Politics of Nonviolent Action, Porter Sargent, Boston.
[10]. Simon. (November 26, 2010) Defending democracy, defending the right to protestRetrieved fromhttp://www.star-one.org.uk/defending-democracy-defending-the-right-to-protest/

Abstract: Purpose –The main objective of doing this research is to study the rise in satisfaction level of people of Punjab due to E-governance initiatives of the government of Punjab. Design/methodology/approach – E-governance was introduced in the province with the help of various Information Systems. We identified various aspects of these e-systems affecting customer satisfaction like ease of use and efficiency. We made questionnaire to find out these factors and got information from customers via interviews and finally analyzed outcome to get results from the statistics analysis. Findings – Results indicated a strong relationship of customer satisfaction with the e-governance initiatives and this relationship indicated that by enhancement in ease of use and efficiency of these e-systems customer satisfaction will certainly rise. Research limitations – Only one department was selected as a case study in this research, however the results will be easy to encompass the provincial level initiatives, since all of the departments are getting same level of automation and information policy. Practical implications – Our research has exposed that effective deployment of information technology can improve customer satisfaction of people of Punjab. The strong positive relationship between various factors of customer satisfaction indicates that there is a possibility of rise in customer satisfaction with concentrated efforts. Originality/value – There has been no native research ever done on these e-systems to indicate their effectiveness, hence now it was time that decisions are made on basis of informed and organized research based statistics.

Keywords — Customer satisfaction, efficiency, ease of use, e-governance, Excise and Taxation department, government of the Punjab.

[2]. Anand Agrawal1, Pragya Shah & Varun Wadhwa (2010), EGOSQ - Users‟ Assessment of e-Governance Online-Services: A Quality Measurement Instrumentation. Available at www.irma-international.org/chapter/assessing-governance-online-servicequality/8981/
[3]. Anderson, H. & Jacobsen P. N., (2000), Creating Loyalty: Its Strategic Importance in Your Customer Strategy. S. A. Brown, ed., Customer Relationship Management, Ontario, John Wiley, pp. 55-67.
[4]. Anne P. Massey Vijay Khatri & Mitzi M. Montoya (2008). Customer characteristics and usability requirements. Proceedings of the 41st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
[5]. Backus, Michiel (2001). E-governance in developing countries, IICD Research Brief No1, retrieved September 21, 2011. Available at:http://www.ftpiicd.org/files/research/briefs/brief1.doc.
[6]. Collier & Beinstock, (2006) Measuring Service Quality in E-Retailing, Journal of Service Research; 8; 260.
[7]. Darin W. White, Joe C. Harrison Sam Turner (2010). Does Customer engagement with internet based services influence adoption of other new products. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences (Published online 29 March 2010)
[8]. Devaraj, S., M. Fan, R. Kohli (2002). Antecedents of B2C channel satisfaction and preference: validating e-commerce metrics. Information Systems Research, 13(3), 316-333.
[9]. Eugene W. Anderson August (1998). Customer satisfaction and word of mouth. Journal of Service Research Vol1.
[10]. Eugene W. Anderson Claus Fornell, and Donald R. Lehmann (1994). Customer satisfaction, market share, and profitability findings. Sweden Journal of Marketing Vol58.

Abstract: Extension service in Nigeria is not yet sustained for rural farmers' competitive advantages. Local farmers have agitated for inclusion and fair play in agric development projects in their abode; but have never gained substantial level of attention from 'government'. Nigeria can meet up the development indicators entrenched in the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by rigorously investing in mass media and ICT for rural development through high level information delivery. Sustainable extension service is a strategic dimension to human development. It saves the natural environment from total degradation by utilizing modern communication technology for gathering, packaging and disseminating agric information to rural farmers. Nigerian government has faltered in the deployment of modern infrastructures to rural areas through inconsistent legislations, neglect and misappropriation of funds. Mobilization of the rural people for agriculture development is quick and cheap through well mounted media campaigns and appropriately installed ICT infrastructures. It is cost effective when deployed en-mass with responsive wider coverage if appropriate channels are exploited. This paper examines the availability and strength of the media and ICT infrastructures in Nigeria and establishes that the maximum utilization of the media and ICT for sustainable extension services in Nigeria is desirable.

Keywords: agriculture, degradation, development, extension, ICT, rural, sustainable

[1]. F. Adesonaye, On Mass Communication and Mass Incommunication in Nigeria Africa, Media Review, 1(1), 1990, 60-74.
[2]. O. B. Akpomuvie, Towards Effective Use of ICTs and Traditional Media for Sustainable Rural Transformation in Africa, Journal of Sustainable Development, 3(4), 2010, 165-170.
[3]. B. Agbaje, The Nigerian press hegemony and social construction of legitimacy (New York: Edwin Mellen Press, 1992).
[4]. B.A. Agbonifoh, O.E. Ogwo, D.A. Nnolim, and A.D. Nkamneme, Marketing in Nigeria: concepts, principles and decisions (2nd ed.) ( Aba, Nigeria: Afritowers, 2007).
[5]. I. Agboola, Development support communication and rural development in Nigeria: a functional (dsc) model for fagbo development program, Master Thesis, University of Iowa, 1981.
[6]. A.O. Ani, and S.A. Baba, Utilization of selected electronic mass media as sources of agricultural information by farmers in northern Taraba state Nigeria, Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension, 12(1), 2009, 17-22.
[7]. P. Anyaegbunam, P. Mefalopulos and T. Moetsabi, (2nd Ed.), Participatory rural communication appraisal: Starting with the people, (South Africa: SADC Centre of Communication for Development, 2004).
[8]. S.A. Baba, Utilization of selected electronic mass media as sources of agricultural information in the northern part of Taraba state, Nigeria, A Departmental Seminar Paper, Department of Agric Economics and Extension, University of Maiduguri, 2006.
[9]. Best, Press development in Nigeria,( Jos: Midland Press, 1996).
[10]. M.A. Fairouz, and O. S. Rifat, The effective utilization of information and communication technology and its impact on competitive advantage, European Journal of Scientific Research, 29(3), 2006, 302-314.

Abstract: This paper makes an attempt to describe the spelling of the Manipuri (Meetei mayek). The present writing system is not a standardized spelling one due to lack of scientific study of this language. Even though Manipuri spelling corresponds with its pronunciation it has a problem to face the spelling of loanwords which do not find in indigenous Manipuri words. In Manipuri writing system thirty five letters are used. Among them, twenty seven letters (alphabet) are known as Ipi Mayek and the remaining eight letters are lonsum mayeks (unreleased letter). In Manipuri writing, lonsum mayek (unreleased letter) represents as unreleased sound at the end of a word or morpheme. If the letter that has no its lonsum mayek is found at the end of a word or morpheme, Ipi mayek is used for it. There is a new finding in spelling in loanwords which do not find in indigenous writing system.

[1]. Grierson G.A.1903 Linguistics survey of India Vol.III, Part III Motilal Banarsidar, Delhi
[2]. Madhubala P. 2002 Manipuri Phonology, Imphal
[3]. Yaswanta Singh Ch.2000 Manipuri Grammar, New Delhi
[4]. M S Ningomba.1992 Meitei Lonmit, Imphal
[5]. P.C. Thoudam. 1991 Remedial Manipuri, Imphal
[6]. Hocket C.F. 1958 A course in Modern linguistics New York
[7]. Danial Jones. 1979 An outline of English Phonetics New Delhi
[8]. Kangjia Mangang Ng.2003History of Kanglei Iyek, Imphal
[9]. Khelchandra Singh N.1967Ariba Manipuri Itihas, Imphal
[10]. Sanatomba Singh. 1994 Origin and Development of Meitei Script, unpublished Ph.D.thesis Manipur University

Abstract: Background and Purpose: Resistance Training (RT) is known as weight or strength training. In response to this kind of training, both skeletal and cardiac muscles adapt. The purpose of the present study was to determine of effect of Short-term Resistance Training on Left Ventricular Structure of Nonathletic Healthy Male Students by Echocardiography.

Key Words: Resistance Training; circuit weight Training; heart; left ventricle

[1]. Barauna VG, Rosa KT, Irigoyen MC, DeOliveiraEM.Effects of resistance training on ventricular function and hypertrophy in a rat model.Clin Med Res. 2007; 5(2): 114-120.

[2]. Eliakim, A, Barstow T, Brasel J, Ajie H, Lee W, Renslo R, et al. Effect of exercise training on energy expenditure, muscle volume, and maximal oxygen uptake in female adolescents. J Pediatr. 1996; 129(4): 537-43.

[3]. McArdel W, Katch D, Katch FI, Victor L. Essentials of exercise physiology. Second edition.Maryland:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: 2000.

[4]. Häkkinen K, Pakarinen A, Kraemer WJ, Häkkinen A, Valkeinen H, Alen M. Selective muscle hypertrophy, changes in EMG and force and serum hormones during strength training in older women. J Appl Physiol. 2001; 91(2): 569–80.

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[6]. Binder EF, Yarasheski KE, Steger-May K, Sinacore DR, Brown M, Schechtman KB, et al. Effects of progressive resistance training on body composition in frail older adults: results of a randomized controlled trial. J Gerontol A BiolSci Med Sci. 2005; 60(11): 1425-31. [7]. Nichols JF, Omizo DK, Peterson KK, Nelson KP. Efficacy of heavy-resistance training for active women over sixty: muscular strength, body composition, and program adherence. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1993; 41(3): 205-10.

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Abstract: The study focuses on demographic factors (education. Socio-economic and cultural background) as determinant of communication effectiveness among academic library personnel. Survey research method was adopted for this study whereby questionnaire was used to elicit response from respondents and samples were drawn from the personnel of libraries such as Kenneth Dike (UI), Lead City University Library, Nimbe Adedipe Library (FUNNAB) and Centre for Learning Resources (Covenant University).The total of 201 copies of questionnaire were found usable out of 209 distributed in the highlighted libraries. Purposive sampling technique was used based on the existing knowledge of the population. The study revealed that the level of education, as well as the cultural belief of library personnel plays a significant role in their information sharing pattern. The study also found out that low economic status affect effective communication among library personnel which in turn have impact on the services render to library clients. The study however concluded that effective communication is needed to modify behaviour, achieve productivity and meet goals. Keywords: effective communication, demographic factors, academic libraries, library personnel

[1]. Nakpodia E.D 2010,The influence of communication on administration of secondary schools in Delta State, Nigeria International NGO Journal Vol. 5(8), pp. 194-198,
[2]. Biagi, S. (2003). Media impact: An introduction to mass media (6th ed.). Belmont CA: Wadsworth.
[3]. Koontz, H., & O'Donnell, C. (2005). Management: A systems and contingency analysis of managerial functions. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.
[4]. Hoffman, Katty 2005.Professional Ethics and Librarianship: Texas Library Journal Fall 2005:7:11
[5]. Markel, Paulette 2009. Cultural Differences Impact Workplace Communication Retrieved from: http://www.alliancetac.com/?PAGE_ID=2560
[6]. Osokoya, I.O. 2003, Education in Nigeria: History, Strategies, Issues and problems.-Ibadan, Laurel Educational Publishers.
[7]. Huttenlocher, P. R. and Dabholkar, A. S. 1997. Regional differences in synaptogenesis in human cerebral cortex. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 387, 167-178.
[8]. Splettstoesser, D., and Towry-Coker, A. (1999). Model of an information and decision center for developing countries. JGIMT 2(1).
[9]. Katz D.and khan R.1978 (2ed) The Social Psychology or Organization;Wiley New York :ISBN:0471023558 vi,838p.
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Abstract: Cet article tente d'apporter une validation empirique de la mondialisation financière. Dans un premier lieu, on va donner une idée sur les réorganisations des fonctions de production des entreprises mondiales et on va insister sur l'ampleur du phénomène. De même, on va converser si le fait de l'importance de la taille traduit la loi du plus fort. En second lieu, on va discuter les conséquences pour l'emploi de la multinationalisation et de la délocalisation dans les pays du Nord et dans les pays du Sud. Alors, comment définir les délocalisations ? Quelles sont les principaux motifs de délocalisation ? Quel est l'ampleur de ce phénomène ? C'est-à-dire y a-t-il une accélération des délocalisations au cours de la période récente ? Comment évaluer les bénéfices tirés des délocalisations, notamment en termes d'emploi ? Quelles sont les catégories d'emplois, les secteurs et les pays les plus touchés ? Quelles sont les réponses des politiques et quelles mesures peut-on préconiser pour réduire les coûts, faciliter l'ajustement et rétablir la confiance ?

Mots-clés - investissement direct à l'étranger, firmes transnationales, emploi, pays développés, pays émergents.

[1] J. L. Bivens, 2005, Truth and Consequences of Offshoring, Briefing Paper, Economic Policy Institute, n°15, 2005.
[2] CNUCED, 2004, World Investment Report, http://www.unctad.org
[3] CNUCED, 2009, World Investment Report 2009, Transnational corporations, agricultural production and development, http://www.unctad.org/Templates/Page.asp?intItemID=14655
[4] C. Flandreau, et C. Riviere, La grande retransformation : intégration financière internationale et contrôle de capitaux", Économie Internationale, n0 78, 1999.
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[6] FMI, Global Financial Stability Reports, perspectives de l'économie mondiale, Bulletin FMI.
[7] Fontagné, L., Pajot M., 1999, Investissement direct à l'étranger et échanges extérieurs : Un impact plus fort aux États-Unis qu'en France, Économie et Statistique, 6(12), 1999, 326-327.
[8] J.L. Muchielli, Relations économiques internationales, (Hachette, Paris , 2001)
[9] R.E. Lipsey, Weiss M.Y., 1984, "Foreign production and exports of individual firms", Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol.66, n0 2.
[10] V. Agrawal, et D. Farrel, Who Wins from Offshoring?, McKinsey Quarterly, no. 4, 2003.

Abstract: The system of cast based society is perhaps the most troubled topic of Indian social fabric. Nowhere in the world can one find such a disgraceful division of life. This paper is a sincere effort to study and explore the present condition of the suppressed class people in the state of Assam. The kaibarttas are one of the most prominent subgroup of scheduled caste people living in the state, whose main occupation is fishing. They are also the largest community of SC population living here. So by studying the educational and occupational characteristic of the Kaibarttas, attempt is being made to understand the status of the zipped community who were deprived of all basic amenities of a civil society in earlier times.

Key words: Kaibartta, cast, fishing, S.C., community

[1]. Bhadra, K.R. (1990): Caste and Class in Assam. Social Inequality in India Profiles at Caste, Class and Social Mobility. Rawat Publication, Jaipur and New Delhi.
[2]. Chandana, R.C. (1989): Spatial Dimensions of Scheduled castes in India, Intellectual Publicity House, New Delhi.
[3]. Census of India (1991): Primary Census Abstract of scheduled caste and schedule tribe, Assam part II -B series- 4.
[4]. Directorate of Economics and Statistics: Statistical Hand Book, Assam. Govt. of Assam, Guwahati. (1980, 1994, 1996, 2009)
[5]. Datta, L. (1998): "A Glimpse of Population Growth In Undivided Nagaon District". The Souvenir of North East India Geographical Society, Guwahati.

Abstract: Societal sphere of adolescence-family milieu and peer context are important in terms of their normative and positive advancement. Appearance anxiety affects the attitudes and behaviours of both males and females but gender often temperate the strength of these relationships. The aim of this research is to examine the influence of perception of individual attractiveness and interpersonal relationship (with parents) on neuroticism in adolescent boys and girls. A sample of 100 adolescents selected randomly (Age-16-18 years) from different schools in Dibrugarh were considered for the study. Findings of the study revealed significant correlation of both the variables on neuroticism in adolescents. The correlation was negative for a cordial level of parent child relationship and positive for the remaining variable. Gender differences were noted in the degree of neuroticism as well as in appraisal of self and stress tolerance in interpersonal relations. In the context of the present changing social dynamics, the results of the present study have implications for both individual counseling as well as for the inherent discrimination in the process of socialization. In the former context it implies the need to sensitize girls and boys to the importance of self acceptance and positivity in attitude and appraisal of self and others to develop into well adjusted individuals. In the latter context it implies the significance of a non-discriminating socialization process for both boys and girls where parents encourage their daughters to develop a positive self-image and a hardy personality.

Keywords: Adolescence, Gender, Neuroticism, Socialization, Symbolic Interactionism.

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[2]. Burgess, W.Earnest, Wallin, Paul (Feb.1944) Personal Appearance and Neuroticism as related to Age at Marriage, Human Biology, Vol.19, No.1, pp.15-22.
[3]. Devore, M.Dorothy (2006) Parent-Child Relations: New Research, Nova Science Publishers Inc., New York.
[4]. Eysenck, J.Hans (1991) Neuroticism, Anxiety and Depression, Psychological Inquiry, Vol.2, No.1, pp.75-76.
[5]. Henkin, L.Benjamin, Mermelstein, Robin, Roesch, Linda (2007), Sex Differences in Adolescent Depression: Stress Exposure and Reactivity Models, Child Development, Vol.78, No.1, pp.279-295.
[6]. Krishnaswamy, Saroja, Mantri, Pratima (1997), Psychological correlates of Marital Adjustment among Working Women, International Journal of Sociology of the family, Vol.27, No.1, pp127-138.
[7]. Moffit, F.Paul, Eisen,Peter (May1982), Factors correlated with Neuroticism Scores for Married Women, Journal of Marriage and Family,Vol.44, No.2, pp.491-496.
[8]. Robbins, W.Richard, Trzreniewski, Kali (2005), Self esteem-Development across Lifespan, Current directions in Psychological Science, Vol14, No.3, pp.158-162.
[9]. Reilly, Thomas, Greeves, Julie (2002), Advances in Sports, Leisure and Ergonomics, Routledge, New York.
[10]. Vitters, Joar, Nilsen, Fredrik (2002), The Conceptual and Relational Structure of Subjective Well-Being, Neuroticism and Extraversion: Once again Neuroticism is the important Predictor of Happiness, Social Indicators Research, Vol.57, No.1, pp.89-118.

Abstract: The spatial distribution of ethnic groups and tribal population is an interesting area in which the social and cultural geographers and sociologists are increasingly probing. For the ethnic minorities, especially for the transhumant and migratory people land and forest are the source of life. The present paper is an attempt to examine the spatial distribution and demographic characteristic of Gujjars and Bakarwals with special focus on their population and settlement in Rajouri and Poonch districts of Jammu division of Jammu and Kashmir State of India. To identify the Gujjars settlements in the Rajouri and Poonch district. The socio and economic backwardness of the Gujjars and Bakarwals is a function of rugged topography, hilly terrain, prejudices, orthodoxy, illiteracy and the traditional mode of life. There is a conspicuous shift from transhumance to agricultural and non-agricultural sectors among the Gujjars and Bakarwals.

Key Words: Tribal Population, Gujjars, Bakarwals, Backwardness, rugged topography, hilly terrain, prejudices, orthodoxy.

[1]. Bandarker, D.R. (1905): Wondering culture of Central Asia. J. Royal Asiatic society, p.1
[2]. Bhardwaj, A.N, (1994). History and culture of Himalayan Gujjars, jay kay publication, Jammu, pp.1-16
[3]. Bhat. A.R (2005), Human resource and socio-economic development in Kashmir valley: A Geographical interpretation, Dilpreet publ. house, New Delhi, pp. 42-51
[4]. Census of India (1961): Gojjari Speaking Population in Jammu and Kashmir, Vol. XXIV. Part II, p.241.
[5]. Hussain, M (2000), systematic geography of Jammu and Kashmir, Rawat Publication. New Delhi, pp.121-123.
[6]. Kanedy, j. (1923): Nomadic Gujjars of Hindukush. J. Gr. Brit. Asiatic society: pp. 153-154
[7]. Khatana, R.P. (1986). Gujjar Bakarwal Transhumance in Jammu and Kashmir, Arina publ. house, New Delhi, pp.86-115.
[8]. Lidhoo, M.L (1985). Gujjars: Their Attitude towards Social Change, Education and Modernization, pp.2-15
[9]. Manku, D.S (1986). The Gujjar Settlements: A Case Study in Ethnic Geography, Inter-India, Publication, New Delhi. Pp.29-30
[10]. Mir, A.M. (2002): Geography of Jammu: A Regional Analysis. Dilpreet Publ. house, New Delhi, pp 40-41

Abstract: The study looked at the relationship between students self – concept and how it affects their academic achievement in Physical Sciences in some selected secondary schools in Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh. The sample consisted of randomly selected 1800 9th class students. Self- concept scale developed by Dr. (Miss) Mukta Rani Rastogi (1974) was administered on the sample to asses their self-concept. F test and regression analysis was used to analyze the data. The result of the findings showed that students have good self – concept of them selves is performing well in physical sciences to please themselves, their parents and to get admission into higher institution of their choice. Better Self – Concept is associated with better scholastic achievement in Physical sciences. It is possible to predict the scholastic achievement of 9th class students in physical sciences with Psychological variables like Self – Concept . It is therefore suggested class room teachers should teach students good student habits and self – management skills together with appropriate self attribution strategies.

Key words: Self – concept, scholastic achievement, physical sciences,student habits, self – management skills

[1]. Corlos & Rodrgvez (2009): "The impact of academic self concept, expertations and the choice of learning strategy on academic achievement, Higher education Research & Development, Vol: 28, Issue. 5 Pages : 523 – 539.
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[4]. Meinefeld,w.1988:Einstellung;[ Attitude], in:R.Asanger; G,Wenninger (eds):
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[6]. Murphy (1947) "Public opinion and the individual "Harper & Co, Newyork.
[7]. Philias Olatunde (2010) : "Students Self Concept and Mathematics achievement in some secondary schools in Southwestern Nigeria". European Journal of Social sciences. Vol . 13, No. 1.
[8]. Taneja (1991), : "Dictionary of Education", Anmol Publications New Delhi, pp. 3, 4, 224
[9]. Thomas (2005): "Comparing theories of Child development". California Thomson and wad worth.
[10]. Thomas & Robert (2006): "Inter relationships among student‟s study activities, self concept of academic ability and achievement as a function of characteristics of high school biology courses" applied cognitive psychology, Vol.7, issue 6. p.p.499- 532.

Abstract: Agriculture forms the backbone of the Indian economy and despite concerted industrialization in the last five decades; agriculture occupies a pride of place. As the largest private enterprise in India, agriculture contributes, nearly one fourth of the national G.D.P, sustains livelihood of about two thirds of population and is the backbone of agro-based industries. It is paradoxical situation that on the one hand more production is required from the scares soil resources for meeting the demand of ever- expanding population, while on the other, cultivable areas are being shifted towards non-agricultural uses. To compute the compound growth rate of land use pattern, trend analysis was done. The double cropped area of Chhattisgarh increased from 664111 hectares in (2000-01) to 972729 hectares in (2009-10). Registering the significant growth rate of about 4.38 per cent at the 5 per cent level of probability.

[1]. Mahesh, R. (1999) Causes and Consequences of Change in Cropping Pattern: A Location-Specific Study, Discussion Paper No. 11, Kerala Research Programme on Local Level Development Centre for Development Studies Thiruvananthapuram.
[2]. Marothia D.K. (2005) Urbanization in Chhattisgarh Journals of Agricultural Economics Research Review, 19 (2):261-269.
[3]. Bala Brij and S.D. Sharma (2005) Effect on Income and Employment of Diversification and Commercialization of Agriculture in Kullu District of Himachal Pradesh, Agricultural Economics Research Review, 18 (2):261-269.
[4]. Kanda Mohan (2006) Impact of Urbanization In Dharwad District of Karnatka, Agricultural Economics Research Review, 21 (4):161-166.
[5]. Socio-Economic Reviews & District Statistical Abstract in Raipur and Durg district 2005 to 2011.