iosr-JMCE   Volume-15 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2018

Abstract: The aim of this project is to design and build an innovative hubless wheel. The hubless wheel will be self driven by a prime mover like a DC motor. The wheel will have three planetary rollers which will be powered by two DC motors. One roller is on the shaft directly coupled to the two motors and the other two rollers are on two separate shafts connected via belt drives. The driving and driven pulleys have same diameters. The belt is a positive timing belt so that there is no loss of power between motor shaft and the two roller shafts. The motor thus drives all the three rollers and the rollers drive the outer main wheel. The speed, torque while running and discharge time of the battery were first calculated theoretically and then compared with those calculated experimentally.

Keywords: Hubless wheel; centre less wheel; planetary wheels; timing belt drive; electric wheel; Compact wheel.

[1]. Ahmed Mothafar ,"Hubless wheel system for motor vehicles", US Patent 9440488B1, (2016),
[2]. Nguyen Ba Hung, Jaewon Sung , "A simulation and experimental study of operating characteristics of an electric bicycle", Science direct, (2017),232-245
[3]. Sheldon Pinto, E. Raj Kumar ,‟ Design and Analysis of Hubless Personal Vehicle‟, International Conference in advances in design and manufacturing, 2014
[4]. Shigeru Fuji, "Crash Analysis of motorcycle tire", Science direct(Elsevier), Procedia Engineering, 147, (2003), 471-475I.S. Jacobs and C.P. Bean, "Fine particles, thin films and exchange anisotropy," in Magnetism, vol. III, G.T. Rado and H. Suhl, Eds. New York: Academic, 1963, pp. 271-350.
[5]. G.M Rosenblatt, "The controlled motion of a bicycle", (2016), 221-228

Abstract: The incomplete roads, designed only for cars, with limited transportation options make pedestrians, cyclists, and other transport users feel uncomfortable and safe and risk dangerous. Yos Sudarso Road in Mamuju City is a road segment with several activities in various zones, the intensity of activities that occur on the road is very high at certain hours, due to the different activities of the diversity of building functions. The condition of the pedestrian lane on this road does not continue along the road and is not equipped with additional facilities that support the activities and diversity of existing functions. This study aims to identify the condition of pedestrian lanes and analyze the application of pedestrian lanes based on the complete street concept. The type of research used is non-experimental descriptive with the qualitative and quantitative approach, using survey method in the form..............

Keywords: Road Infrastructure, Pedestrian Lane, Complete Street Concept.

[1] North Calorina Department of Transportation, 2012. Complete Streets Planning and Design Guidelines.
[2] The City Of Edmonton, 2013. Complete Streets Guideline. City of Edmonton, Transportation Planning, Canada
[3] Minnasota Complete Street Coalition, ________. Complete Streets Supporting safe and accessible roads for everyone Local toolkit, Minnasota Complete Street Coalition
[4] Syarlianti D., Hanan H., Kusuma E., Hanson. 2016. Best Road-Building Element by Pedestrian Perception. Proceedings of IPLBI Scientific Meeting. IPLBI2016-B-055-058. Retrieved 7November 2017.
[5] Wompere I., B., 2017. Analysis of the Pedestrian System In Jayapura City (A Case Study of Pedestrian Line on the Percetakan Street). International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER). ISSN (e): 2250 – 3005.Volume07www.ijceronline.com, Last accessed on7thNovember 2017.

Abstract: The flow field around an automobile is very complex, characterized by a high degree of Three dimensionality, flow separation, reattachment and vortex formation. Flow visualization as well as flow simulation are helpful tools during the aerodynamic design of vehicles. The research-undertaken deals with an experimental estimation of CD (drag coefficient) for Hyundai car, (scale 1/30) using the strain gauge method ( FLA-6-11 type, 120Ω, 2.12 gauge factor, half-bridge connection), which was proved to be practical and reasonably accurate. Experiments were run within a subsonic aspiration wind tunnel, covering an air speed up to 33 m/s (i.e., Reynolds number 6.6 x 105). Results for drag coefficient were obtained in the range of 0.96 to 0.39. It was noted that the magnitude of CD decreased from 0.96 at 21.17 m/s to 0.39 at 33.00 m/s (i.e., decrease of drag coefficient by about 60%). Comparison of our results with those given by other authors is satisfactory.

Keywords: Strain gauge, Drag coefficient, Wind tunnel, Aerodynamics of automobile, Static loading, Dynamic loading, Half bridge connection.

[1] Itsuhei Kohri, Teppei Yamanashi & Takayoshi Nasu, "Study on the transient behavior of the vortex structure behind Ahmed body",SAE 2014.
[2] Muzafferuddin Mahmood,"flow visualization in Wind Tunnels", 2011.
[3] M.J.Iremonger,"Basic Stress Analysis", 1984.
[4] DeltaΔLab, " Soufflerie Subsonique a aspiration EA600", France 2014.
[5] Tokyo Sokki Kenkyujo Co. "TML Strain Gauge Test Data", Japan,2015.

Abstract: Today, ultra-high-performance nanostructured concrete is being developed by using high-fineness Portland cement with blast furnace nano-slag and other nanomaterials. The primary aim of this research was to obtain the optimum milling parameters of Portland cement with an average particle size (APS) in the submicron range, by using a planetary ball mill with 5/8" and 1/2" ball diameters. The Portland cement was subjected to different grinding processes, varying the combination of the parameters, until obtaining an APS in the submicron range. The characterization for both the as-received and milled Portland cement was carried out through the following techniques: laser diffraction, XRD, scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area of the cement, and normal cement consistency. The optimum milling parameters were then analyzed and evaluated. The average particle size of the submicron Portland cement obtained through the optimal combination of the parameters was 0.84 μm.

Keywords: Portland cement; average particle size; planetary ball mill; milling parameters.

[1] Perumalsamy Balaguru and Ken Chong, Nanotechnology and concrete: research opportunities. National Science Foundation, USA. Proceedings of ACI Session on "Nanotechnology of Concrete: Recent developments and Future Perspectives" November 7, 2006, Denver, USA pp. 15-28.
[2] Ye Qing, Zhang Zenan, Kong Deyu, Chen Rongshen, Influence of nano-SiO2 addition on properties of hardened cement paste as compared with silica fume. Construction and Building materials Vol 21, 2007, pp. 539-545. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.09.001.
[3] Xiaoyan Liu, Lei Chen, Aihua Liu, Xinrui Wang, Effect of Nano-CaCO3 on Properties of Cement Paste. International Conference on Future Energy, Environment, and Materials. SciVerse ScienceDirect Energy Procedia Vol 16, 2012, pp. 991-996. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2012.01.158
[4] L. Senff, D. Hotzab, S. Lucas, V.M. Ferreira, J.A. Labrincha, Effect of nano-SiO2 and nano-TiO2 addition on the rheological behavior and thehardened properties of cement mortars. Materials Science and Engineering A. SciVerse ScienceDirect. Vol 532, 2012, pp. 354-361. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2011.10.102
[5] Dale P. Bentz, Edward J. Garboczi, Claus J. Haecker, Ole M. Jensen, Effects of cement particle size distribution on performance properties of Portland cement-based materials. Cement and Concrete Research. Vol. 29, 1999, pp. 1663-1671.

Abstract: The use of polymer materials by different segments of the industry has grown every year due to numerous advantages, being the injection of thermoplastics one of the processes most used to make this application viable. In order for these processes to be efficient and generate quality products, it is necessary that the polymer material be processed correctly. The simulation of thermoplastic injection is an important step in the manufacturing process of polymer products, where errors in the design and manufacture of the mold or product should be avoided even in the initial phase, as they directly affect the quality and cost of the product injected. This paper aims to perform a mesh refinement study between different mathematical models used in two thermoplastic injection systems (SolidWorks Plastics 2016 and Moldflow Synergy 2016), correlating the simulated results with the experimental results obtained in the process of transformation of a product injected. The results showed that both software were able to simulate with certain precision the injection process studied, despite the small differences in injected masses predicted by the software.

Keywords: Numerical Simulation, CAE Tools, Mesh Refining.

[1]. kazmer, D. O. (2007). Injection Mold Design Engineering. Massachusetts: Hanse.
[2]. Dimla, D. E., Camilotto, M., & Miani, F. (2005). Design and Optimisation of Conformal Cooling Channels in Injection Moulding Tools. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, n(165), p. 1294-1300.
[3]. Kovacs, J. G., & Bercsey, T. (2005). Influence of Mold Properties on the Quality of Injection Molded Parts. Polytechnica - Mechanical Engineering Series, n.2, vol. 49, p.115-122.
[4]. Guilong, W., Cuoqun, Z., Huiping, L., Yanjin, G. (2010). Analysis of Thermal Cycling Efficiency and Optimal Design of Heating/Cooling Systems for Rapid Heat Cycle Injection Moulding Process. Material & Design, n(31), p.3426-3441.
[5]. Kim, S. W., & Turng, L. S. (2004). Developments of Three-dimensional Computer-aided Engeineering Simulation for Injection Moulding. Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering, n. (12), p.151-173.

Abstract: In present study clayey soil is being used and tested along with solid waste namely Rice Husk Ash to demonstrates the effect of RHA on the geotechnical properties of clayey soil. Various laboratory tests such as Liquid limit, Plastic limit and Standard Proctor Test were performed on original clayey soil i.e. without RHA. The Triaxial test were performed for different % of RHA content along with two strain rates 1.25mm/min and 0.05mm/min. The clayey soil is replaced by RHA in three different percentage such as 10%, 20% and 30%. These test results show that as the % of RHA increases, there is an increases in cohesion parameter while decreases in the angle of internal friction. Cohesion as well as angle of internal friction with 1.25mm/min strain rate is comparatively more than 0.05mm/min strain rate. Analysis of bearing capacity for square footing is carried out by employing Terzaghi's method. Safe bearing.........

Keywords: Clayey soil, Cohesion, Rice Husk Ash, Strain rate, Triaxial test.

[1]. Ryuta Saito, Hiroshi Fukuoka, Kyoji Sassa (2006), "Experimental study on the rate effect on the shear strength," Geotechnical Testing Journal 26, No. 3, p.257–265.
[2]. Saito. R., Sassa, K. and Fukuoka (2007), "Effect of shear rate on the internal friction angle of silica sand and bentonite mixture samples," Journal of Japanese Society, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp 33-38
[3]. Anita Widianti,and Wilis Diana (2013), "Engineering Properties of Silty Soil Stabilized with Lime and Rice Husk Ash",Journal of materials in civil engineering,ASCE
[4]. Deepak Raj Bhat,N. P. Bhandary, R. Yatabe, (2013), "Effect of Shearing Rate on Residual Strength of Kaolin Clay," The Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Vol. 18
[5]. Prasad Dahale, Vaishali J. Rajurkar (2014), "Effect of Rice Hush Ash on Lime Stabi-lized Black Cotton Soil," International Journal of Applied Engineering Re-search, Vol. 9, No. 2, Pp. 219-222.

Abstract: With every industry being replete with ùse of MMC's, due to the superior mechanical properties they offer, their fabrication has attracted lot of research in recent years. One technique following the footsteps of friction stir welding is friction stir processing which can be used to modify the properties of material locally and the properties of bulk of material remain unchanged. In the present work, an Al6082 composite is formed with 400 mesh size graphite powder as a reinforcement using FSP. The processing is carried out at 4 different rotational speeds and traverse speeds. The processed samples are then compared for their mechanical properties (Utimate strength and Rockwell hardness) with the sample processed without reinforcement. Finally an optimization approach using ANOVA is presented optimized set of process parameters.

Keywords: Al6082, ANOVA, MMC, tool pin profile.

[1] R.S Mishra, Z.Y Ma, I Charit, Friction stir processing: a novel technique for fabrication of surface composite, Material Science and Engineering, A 341(2003) 307-310.
[2] Zahmatkesh B, Enayati MH, Karimzadeh F, Tribological and microstructural evaluation of friction stir processed AL2024 alloy. Mater Des 2010;31(10):4891-6
[3] Karthikeyan, L., and VS Senthil Kumar, Relationship between process parameters and mechanical properties of friction stir processed AA6063-T6 aluminum alloy. Materials & Design32.5 (2011): 3085-3091.
[4] Elangovan K, V. Balasubramanian V,Influences of tool pin profile and welding speed on the formation of friction stir processing zone in AA2219 aluminium alloy. Journal of material processing technology 200(2008) 163-175. [5] Heiberger R.M., Neuwirth E.,One-Way ANOVA. In: R Through Excel. Use R. (Springer, New York, NY, 2009)

Abstract: Bus body manufacturing play a key role in automotive manufacturing, as vehicle manufacturers often sub contract such enterprise to complete bus manufacturing process. In a fiercely competitive global environment, the bus body manufacturing enterprises are constantly looking for ways of meet their customer requirements of delivery on time, cost and quality in order for them to survive. However, bus body manufacturing enterprises barely meet the customer demands in terms of delivering on time due to long cycle times on the production floor due to low labour utilization, material wastage and unorganized work flows. In this research, we critically looked at improving productivity such enterprises by considering a case study of one of the leading bus body manufacturing enterprises in Kenya. Value Stream Mapping was used as the main productivity improvement tool supported by line balancing techniques...........

Keywords: Value Stream Map, Line Balancing, Cycle Time Takt Time.

[1]. T. McCarty, L. Daniels, M. Bremer and P. Gupta, The Six sigma blackbelt handbook (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005).
[2]. B. Naveen and T. R. Babu, Productivity improvement in manufacturing industry using industrial engineering tools, Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 2012, 11-18.
[3]. M. Rother and J. Shook, Learning to see: Value stream mapping to create value and eliminate Muda, (Massachussets: The Lean Enterprise Institute, 1999).
[4]. V. Ramesh, K. S. Prasad and T. Srinivas, Implementation of a Lean Model for Carrying out Value Stream, Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering, 1(2), 2008,180-196.
[5]. T. Ohno, The Toyota production system: Beyond large scale production, (Tokyo: Productivity Press, 1988).

Abstract: Bumper is one of the main parts which are used as protection for passengers from front and rear collision. The aim of this study was to analyze and study the structure and material employed for car bumper by one of the car manufacturers. In this study, the most important variables like material structures,hardness and impact conditions were studied for analysis of the bumper beam in order to improve the crashworthiness during collision.The composite bumper samples of HYBRID Cs, PNFC, and GF-C were produced and their mechanical properties were investigated andcompared. The HYBRID Cs(combination of jute and glass fibers) was found to exhibit superior hardness and impact property associated to the commercial GF-C material.Hence, it is obvious that the natural jute fiber composites can undeniably replace the commercial GF-C for automotive components.

Keywords: Jute fiber, Glass fiber, composite, car bumper, Mechanical properties.

[1]. Biswas, S.; Hassan, A., and Ahsan, Q. (2013). Physical and Mechanical Properties of Jute, Bamboo and Coir Natural Fiber. Fibers and polymers, Vol.14, No.10, 1762-1767
[2]. Busch, J. (2002). Composite Technologies: An Overview of BusinessPotentials. IBTS Associates, Inc., Wellesley, Massachusetts.
[3]. Clerke, H.T. (1999). A Handbook of Organic Analysis, 5th Edition, TheBelfoist University Press
[4]. Daniel, G., Suong, V., H., and Stephen, W. T. (1997). "Composite Materials: Design & Applications", French edition, Edition Hermes, Paris.
[5]. Davoodi, M. M., Sapuan, S. M., and Ahmed, D. (2010). Mechanical properties of hybrid kenaf/glass reinforced epoxy composite for passenger car bumper beam. Mater. Des. 31:4927-4932.

Abstract: In this study, a phase change material (PCM) was adopted for constructing heat storage-PCM heat exchanger with a setup based on an ordinary single-door refrigerator.The experimental investigation of the characteristics of the novel refrigerator and an ordinary refrigerator was carried out. For the novel refrigerator, the PCM heat exchangerat the evaporator,has replaced the heat transfer mechanismwith the higher rate heat transfer mechanism of a combination of conduction and convection process during on-time. And the heat gain to the system was absorbed by PCM during the off-time.Thus, the overall heat-transfer performance of the evaporator with PCM heat storage exchanger could be significantly improved. This has resulted in a lower condensation temperature, a greater stability of temperature inside cabinet. Compared to the ordinary refrigerator, the ratio of on-time to the total cycle timeof novel........

Keywords: Energy consumption, heat exchanger, household refrigerator, latent heat storage, phase change material (PCM).

[1]. R. Elarem et al., 2017. Performance analysis of a household refrigerator integrating a PCM heat exchanger. Applied Thermal Engineering.
[2]. IBEF presentation, Indian Consumer Durables Industry Analysis, https://www.ibef.org/industry/consumer-durables-presentation (accessed 27 September 2017, 9 November 2017).
[3]. W. Cheng et al., 2011. A novel household refrigerator with shape-stabilized PCM (Phase Change Material) heat storage condensers: An experimental investigation. Energy 36, 5797-5804.
[4]. K. Azzouz, D. Leducq, D. Gobin, 2008. Performance enhancement of a household refrigerator by addition of latent heat storage. International journal of Refrigeration 31, 892-901.
[5]. K. Azzouz, D. Leducq, D. Gobin, 2009. Enhancing the performance of household refrigerators with latent heat storage: An experimental investigation. International journal of Refrigeration 32, 1634-44.

Abstract: In many parts of India, hot and humid environmental conditions are present. In such an environment, the dry air is necessary for drying agricultural products. In this project work, an indirect forced convection desiccant integrated chilly dryer has been designed and fabricated to investigate its performance under hot and humid climatic condition of Bhopal, India. The set up consists of a module of aluminium tubes filled with wax as a phase changing material, drying chamber, chemical dehumidification type desiccant unit. In experimental analysis, 500 gm chillies have been taken. Flow rate has been maintained at 0.0188 m³/s. After 4 hr of drying, the moisture removal rate was found out to be 45.5 g/hr. On the other hand, same type of 500gm chillies has been taken in direct solar radiation. After 4 hr of drying, the moisture removal rate was 35 g/hr. So the experimental setup is 30 % more efficient than direct solar radiation. Drying experiment has also been performed at different flow rate to find out optimum flow rate for drying.

Keywords: Chilly, Desiccant, Drying, Moisture removal rate, Phase changing material.

[1]. Saito Y. Regeneration of adsorbent in the integrate desiccant/ collector. J Sol Engg. 1993; 115:169–75.
[2]. Techajunta S, Chirarattananon S, Exell RHB. Experiments in a solar simulator on solid desiccant regeneration and air dehumidification for air conditioning in a tropical humid climate. Renew Energy ,1999;17:549–68.
[3]. Singh S, Singh PP. Regeneration of silica gel in multi-shelf regenerator. Renew Energy, 1998;13(1):105–19.
[4]. Pawar RS, Takwale MG, Bhide VG. Solar drying of custard powder.Energy Conversion Management, 1995; 36:1085–96.
[5]. V. Shanmugam and E. Natrajan, Experimental investigation of forced convection and desiccant integrated solar dryer, 2005

Abstract: In this decade, fossil fuel consumption has increased with increase in proportionate industrial growth which consequently increased the vehicle density throughout the world. The emphasis is laid down by many researchers to seek the best alternative fuel resources especially from indigenous renewable feed stocks to meet the current requirement of the fuel demand and to compensate drastic depletion of the fuel reserves. Through many researches made till date biodiesel has proved as a reliable and promising alternate fuel. This paper investigates the effect of Castor biodiesel blends blended with fuel additives like Ethanol and Di Ethyl Ether on the Diesel engine performance. It also deals with the optimization of the BTE and NOx emission using the input parameters like compression ratio, cooling water flow rate and loading. The experiments have been designed using DOE in Minitab 17 and Taguchi's L9 array............

Keywords: Taguchi, DOE, ANOVA, Di ethyl ether, Castor, Regression.

[1] J. Jayaprabakar, M. Anish, N. Beemkumar, Alwin Mathew & Amit Alex George (2017), Effect of Diethyl Ether Blended With Neem Oil Methyl Esters In CI Engine, International Journal of Ambient Energy, DOI: 10.1080/01430750.2017.1372814
[2] T K Kannan & R Marappan (2012) Study of performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine fueled with diethyl ether blended Thevetia peruviana biodiesel emulsion, Journal of the Energy Institute, 85:4, 183-18
[3] D. D .Nagdeote, M. M. Deshmukh (2012), Experimental Study of Diethyl Ether and Ethanol Additives with Biodiesel-Diesel Blended Fuel Engine, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2012, ISSN 2250-2459
[4] P. Shanmughasundaram (2016): Experimental investigation on the emission characteristics of a variable compression ratio multi-fuel engine using palm biodiesel, International Journal of Ambient Energy, DOI: 10.1080/01430750.2016.1155492
[5] B. Singh & S.K. Shukla (2016),Experimental analysis of combustion characteristics on a variable compression ratio engine fuelled with biodiesel (castor oil) and diesel blends, Biofuels, ISSN: 1759-7269 (Print) 1759-7277(Online)