iosr-JMCE   National Conference on Advances in Engineering, Technology & Management (AETM'15)

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A study on Supply Chain issues of Indian Railway in Samastipur division using AHP technique
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Saurabh Bhardwaj || C.S. Jawalkar

Abstract: This study aimed to focus on some of the important issues associated with the supply chain in Indian Railway (IR). Railways are rapidly losing their market share in case of freight service, if this trend is not reversed; the growth and survival of railway will be under threat as freight service is the major source of income for IR. This paper analyses the attitude of the passengers and stakeholders over the current scenario of IR. The responses were obtained from the respondents by using a developed questionnaire. A decision hierarchy was framed and priorities were assigned; further Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used as a multi variable decision tool in order to decide the priority of the factors responsible for an efficient supply chain transport. The two most critical factors - punctuality and safety are discussed in the context of Samastipur division of East Central Railway (ECR) zone along with their severity and cause. Keywords - Supply chain, freight, safety, punctuality, Analytic Hierarchy Technique.

[1] Ellram L.M.," Supply Chain Management: The Industrial Organization Perspective", International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 21 (1), 1991, 13-22.
[2] www.planningcommission.nic.in/reports/date of access 20-02-2015.
[3] Satty T.L.,"How to make a decision: The analytic hierarchy process", European Journal of Operation Research, 48,1990,9-26.
[4] Harris, N.G, "Punctuality and performance in planning passenger railways", Handbook (Derbyshire England: Transport Publishing Co. Ltd.1992) 130-142.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect of WEDM Parameters on Machinability of Titanium alloys Ti6AlNb
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Vinod Kumar || Vikas Kumar || Kamal Kumar

Abstract: In this paper, intricate machining of Titanium alloys Ti6AlNb on using Wire Electric Discharge Machining with a zinc coated brass wire by using Taguchi methodology has been reported. Experimentation has been done by using Taguchi's orthogonal array under different conditions of parameters to analysis the effect of each parameter on the machining characteristics and to predict the optimal choice for each parameter such as wire feed (Wf), peak current (Ip), pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff) and servo voltage (SV). It is found that peak current (Ip), pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff) and servo voltage (SV) have a significant influence on the machining characteristics such as cutting speed. Keywords - Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Cutting Speed, Taguchi, Titanium alloys Ti6AlNb, Wire Electrical Discharge machining (WEDM).

[1]. G. Lin, L. Lei, Z. Wansheng, and K.P. Rajurkar, ―Electrical discharge machining of Ti6Al4V with a bundled electrode,‖ International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, vol. 53, pp. 100–106, 2012.

[2]. F. Katsushi, S. Akinori T. Hideki, M. Naotake, and M. Hidetaka, ―Accretion of titanium carbide by electrical discharge machining with powder suspended in working fluid,‖ Journal of the International Societies for Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology, vol. 25, pp. 138–144, 2001.

[3]. A. Aggarwal, H. Singh, P. kumar, and M. Singh, ―Optimization of multiple quality characteristics for CNC turning under cryogenic cutting environment using desirability functions,‖ Journal of Material processing and Technology, vol. 205, pp. 42-50, 2008.

[4]. K. Jangra, S. Grover, and A. Aggarwal, ―Simultaneous optimization of material removal rate and surface roughness for WEDM of WC-Co composite using grey relational analysis along with Taguchi method,‖ International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations, vol. 2(3), pp. 479–490, 2011.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Computational Study for Analysis of the Potential for Drag Reduction for Flow around a Circular Cylinder and Cactus-Shaped Cylinders
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Magesh Raj Ravindran

Abstract: In the present paper, computational investigations of drag reduction on a smooth circular cylinder and cactus-shaped cylinders have been performed. The numerical study was performed using commercial CFD software Star CCM+ solving the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations at a Reynolds number of 140000. The k-ω model was tested. At first, the simulations were run for two-dimensional (2-D) smooth circular cylinders where three different domain sizes and eighteen different meshes for each domain size were considered. Therefore, 18 simulations were run for each domain size i.e. 54 simulations in total for the smooth circular cylinder. After analyzing the results obtained a suitable and best domain size and mesh were selected to further progress with the analysis of two-dimensional cactus shaped cylinder. For the analysis of cactus shaped cylinder, 20 variants i.e. 20 simulations of cactus geometry were investigated with 4 different numbers of peaks and 5 different numbers of amplitudes. Finally, the computational results obtained for drag coefficients, mean pressure distribution, mean stream wise velocity distribution and also the Strouhal frequency of vortex shedding were validated against experimental data. For cactus-shaped cylinders, results obtained for 20 peaks/bumps and 8 amplitudes showed reduction in drag, the surface pressure had better recovery, the wake turbulent velocity was lower, the Strouhal numbers were lesser and the mean stream wise velocity healed faster.

Keywords: Amplitudes,Cactus-Shaped Cylinder, Drag Coefficient, Numerical Analysis, Peaks, Strouhal number.

[1] Talley S, Iaccarino G, Mungal G, Mansour N. An Experimental and Computational Investigation of Flow Past Cacti. Center for Turbulence Research. 2001. [2] Babu P, Mahesha K. Aerodynamic Loads on Cactus-Shaped Cylinders at Low Reynolds Numbers. Phys Fluids, 20. 2008;: p. 035112. [3] Walther, J. H., and Morgenthal, G., 2002, "An Immersed Interface Method for the Vortex-in-Cell Algorithm," J. Turbulence, 3, pp. 1-9. [4] Zdravkovich MM. Review of low interference between two circular cylinders in various arrangements. Trans ASME Fluids Eng. 99. 1977;: p. 618-633. [5] Talley S, Mungal G. Flow around cactus-shaped cylinders.. Center for Turbulence Research Annual Research Briefs. 2002. [6] Tombazis N, Bearman PW. A study of three-dimensional aspects of vortex shedding from a bluff body with a mild geometric disturbance. Fluid Mechanics 330. 1997;: p. 85-112.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Drying Characteristics of vermicelli in a Slant height greenhouse Dryer
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Nidhi

Abstract: Drying is the process of moisture removal from the product. The greenhouse dryer operates in the two different modes, namely, natural convection and forced convection modes. In the present study greenhouse dryer is designed and fabricated to evaluate their performance under forced convection mode to drying the vermicelli of different thickness. A slant height greenhouse dryer have been fabrication of 120×80 cm² size. Various experiments have been conducted for drying the vermicelli with diameter 3 mm, 2 mm, and 1.25 mm to dry inside the slant height greenhouse dryer. Many parameters such as moisture ratio, drying rate (g/min), and moisture content on dry basis (%) have been evaluated to determine the performance of given greenhouse dryer. The drying rate has been observed to decrease with the increase in vermicelli thickness during its drying in slant the greenhouse dryer. A linear regression analysis has been conducted to investigate the accuracy of prediction of five selected thin layer drying models. Five mathematical models, namely, Lewis, Page, Modified Page, Henderson and Pabis, and Wang and Singh models have been fitted to the experimental data of moisture ratio for vermicelli dried in slant greenhouse dryer under forced convection mode. It has been observed the Wang and Singh model shows the best agreement between experimental and theoretical values of moisture ratio.

Keywords: Mathematical modeling, moisture content, slant greenhouse dryer, vermicelli

[1] M. Kumar, R.S. Kumar and N. Jain, Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient for Indoor Forced Convection Drying of vermicelli, IOSR Journal of Engineering, 2(6) 2012, 1282-1290.
[2] P. Kumar, Natural Convection Greenhouse Drying of Vermicelli: an Experimental Study, International journal of research in aeronautical and mechanical engineering, 2(3)2014, 60-80.
[3] M. Condor, and L. Saravis, The Performance of Forced Convection Greenhouse driers, Renewable Energy, 13(4) 1998 453-469.
[4] S. Janjai, C. Chaichoet, and P. Intawee, Performance of a PV-ventilated Greenhouse Dryer for Drying Bananas, Asian Journal on Energy and Environment 6(2)2005, 133-138.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	CFD Analysis of Earth-Air Heat Exchanger to Evaluate the Effect of Parameters on Its Performance
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Arpit Thakur || Aashish Sharma

Abstract: An earth coupled heat exchanger can be a promising passive technique for conditioning of buildings if proper design parameters are chosen, hence for thermal performance analysis of heat exchanger which uses ground as heat source/sink, choice of design parameters is crucial. In present study air is used as heat transferring medium hence the system is termed by EAHX i.e. earth to air heat exchanger. Analysis is conducted considering hot and dry weather conditions with ambient temperature of 319K using computational fluid dynamics modeling and simulation. Effect of applying a finned model compared with a finless model on thermal performance of EAHX is analyzed. For a model buried in soil of thermal conductivity of 4 W m-1K-1, 100 mm diameter and 60 m length consisting 239 fins i.e. pitch of 250mm, a temperature drop of 20.5oC is observed with compared to a temperature drop of 17.7oC for the finless model. Keywords - Computational fluid dynamics, Earth air heat exchanger, Heat transfer, Sink, Source.

[1] Svec O.J., Goodrich L. E. and Palmer J.H.L., Heat Transfer Characteristics of In-Ground Heat Exchangers, Energy Research 7, 1983, 265-278.

[2] Sodha M.S., Buddhi D. and Shawney R.L., Optimization of pipe parameters of an underground air pipe cooling system, Energy Conservation and Management 34 (6), 1993, 465-470.

[3] Krarti M. and Krieder J. F., Analytical model for heat transfer in an Underground air tunnel, Energy Conservation and Management 37 (10), 1996, 1567-1574. [4] Misra R., Bansal V, Agarwal G. D., Mathur J and Aseri T. K., CFD analysis based parametric study of derating factor for earth air tunnel heat exchanger," Applied Energy 103, 2013, 266-277.

[5] Bansal V, Misra R., Agarwal G. D. and Mathur J, Derating factor a new concept for evaluating thermal performance of earth air tunnel heat exchanger: A transient CFD analysis, Applied Energy 102, 2013, 418-426.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Fabrication and Development of Die for Powder Compaction Press
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Kamal Kumar Jangra || Tilak Raj || Neeraj Sharma

Abstract: Development of die is one of the cumbersome tasks in the powder metallurgy process. In this research, some important points were discussed for the development of die and after that it is fabricated by the use of manufacturing processes. Mostly utilized manufacturing process is electric discharge machining and its variant like CNC wire cut electric discharge machine. Rough and trim cutting operations were utilized for the fabrication of die.

Keywords: Die development, Design, Fabrication, Powder compaction Press.

[1] A.K. Sinha, Powder Metallurgy, Dhanpat Rai Publications: New Delhi, 1987.
[2] P.Brewin, O. Coube, J.A. Calero, H. Hodgson, R. Maassen and M. Satur, Modelling and Powder die Compaction, Springer: Brewin, 2008.
[3] F. Klocke, Modern approaches for the production of ceramic components, J. Euro. Ceram. Soc., vol. 17, pp. 457–465, 1997.
[4] R.M. German, Powder Metallurgy Science, second ed., Metal Powder Industries Federation, Princeton, 1994.
[5] D.C. Zenger, H. Cai, Common causes of cracks in P/M compacts, Int. J. Powder Metall., vol. 34, pp. 33–52, 1998.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Surface Integrity Analysis of Machined Surface After Rough Cutting Operation In Wedm
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Vinod Kumar || Vikas Kumar || Kamal Kumar

Abstract: WEDM process removes the work-materials by a series of electrical sparks between the workpiece and wire electrode. These sparks generate craters, recast layers and heat-affected zones on the subsurface of the machined workpiece. Machined surface with poor surface integrity is a major disadvantage of WEDM. After rough cutting operation in WEDM, some surface area remains uncleared on work surface in intricate machining such as in die making. This paper presents a study of uncleared materials named as surface projection, in die making after rough cut in WEDM. Using SEM images, length of uncleared surface projections have been measured. Results show that level of discharge energy is greatly influence the surface projections made on machined surface.

[1] X. Cheng, X.H. Yang, Y.M. Huang, G.M. Zheng, and L. Li, "Helical surface creation by wire electrical discharge machining for micro tools," Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, vol. 30(3), pp. 287–294, 2014.
[2] M.S. Hewidy, T.A. El-Taweel, and M.F. El-Safty, "Modeling the machining parameters of wire electrical discharge machining of Inconel 601 using RSM," Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 169(2), pp. 328–336, 2005.
[3] K. Jangra, S. Grover, and A. Aggarwal, "Simultaneous optimization of material removal rate and surface roughness for WEDM of WC-Co composite using grey relational analysis along with Taguchi method," International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations, vol. 2(3), pp. 479–490, 2011.
[4] S.H. Lee, and X.P. Li, "Study of the surface integrity of the machined workpiece in the EDM of tungsten carbide," Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 139 (1-3), pp. 315-321, 2003

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Operational Analysis of Mining Equipment in Opencast Mine using Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE)
Country	:	India
Authors	:	V.M Kalra || Tilak Thakur || B.S Pabla

Abstract: Man and Mining equipment work in highly polluted environment, where every individual undergovarious stressesfor improving equipment effectiveness and productivity of the mine. Mining equipment especially Shovel has undergone complex changes in terms of automation using sensors where the effective utilization of the equipment is still below the benchmark values,Mining companies are finding hard to survive due to high maintenance and production cost. Performance of the mining equipment is highly affected by unnoticed minor stoppages and idle equipment, in such cases it becomes significant tomeasure the performance of man and machines by effective tool known as Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) for improving the Performance of the machines and Productivity of the mine.

[1] Anmol Lanke, Hadi Hoseinie andBehzad Ghodrati, Mine Production Index (MPI): New Method to evaluate effectiveness of Mining Machinery, International Journal of Environmental, Ecological, Geological and Marine Engineering,vol. 8 No 11, 2014.
[2] Anand S Relkar and K.N Nandurkar, Optimizing and Analysing Overall equipment Effectiveness (OEE) through Design of Experiments (DOE), Sciverse ScienceDirect,Procedia Engineering 38,(2012),2973-2980.
[3] Abdul Talib Bon,Lim Ping Ping and Berhanuddin Mohd Salleh,Asri Selamat, Evaluating total productive maintenance using Overall equipment effectiveness: fundamental study,Elixir Prod.Mgmt.36, (2011) 3293-3295.
[4] Sermin Elevli and Birol Elevli,Performance measurement of Mining Equipment by Utilizing OEE,Acta Montanistica Slovaca Rocnik, Cislo 2, 15(2010), 95-101.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Heat Transfer and Friction Factor Characteristics of Double Pass Solar Air Heater Using W-Shaped Artificial Roughness Ribs
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Manish Kumar Tated || Dinkar Prasad Singh || Sudhanshu Dogra

Abstract: This paper represents the effect of artificial roughness with W-shaped geometry on heat transfer and friction factor of Double Pass Solar Heater having rectangular duct. Aspect ratio (W/H) of the duct is 10. Reynolds number for experiment varies from 6900 to 14000. W-shaped ribs attached on both sides of absorber plate at fixed inclination angle (α) 450, relative roughness height(e/Dh) is fixed0.044 and relative roughness pitch (p/e) is varies from 5 to 20. It has been observed that at relative roughness pitch (p/e) of 10 maximum heat transfer and friction factor occurs. The enhancement in the heat transfer is found to be 1.4 times of the smooth plate. Keywords: Nusselt number, Friction factor, Reynolds number, W-shaped ribs, double pass solar air heater.

[1] N. K. Bansal,Solar air heater applications in India,(New Delhi, India: Elsevier Science Ltd. (1998) [2] Prasad, B. N., & Saini, J. S. (1988). Effect of artificial roughness on heat transfer and friction factor in solar air heater. Solar Energy 41, 555-560. [3] Singh ,S.,Saini, J.S. & chander (2011). heat transfer and friction factor correlations of solar air heater ducts artificially roughned with discrete V-down ribs. Energy 36, 5053-5064. [4] Lanjewar, A., Bhagoriya,J., & Sarviya, R.(2011). Experimental study of augmented heat transfer and friction in solar air heater with different orientations of W-rib roughness.Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 35 , 986-995.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Erosion Behaviour of Stainless Steel Grade-316
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sourabh Dhawan || Harinder Singh || Ranjit Singh

Abstract: Erosion of the hydro turbine steels is a serious issue, especially for the hydro power plants situated on the rivers. In the current investigation, slurry erosion performance of stainless steel (Grade-316), which is commonly used in hydro-turbine power plants has been studied. Silica sand is used as the abrasive media in the test apparatus.Three parametershave been selected to study the performance of stainless steel, which majorly observed under practical conditions. The effect of slurry concentration (ppm), average size of slurry particles (μm) and rotational speed (rpm) on the slurry erosion behaviour of selected material was investigated under different experimental conditions.

Keywords:- turbine , steel grade -316, Slurry erosion, TAGUCHI

[1]. Bhandari, S., Singh, H., Kumar, H., & Rastogi, V. (2012). Slurry Erosion Performance Study of Detonation Gun-Sprayed WC-10Co-4Cr Coatings on CF8M Steel Under Hydro-Accelerated Conditions. Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 21, 1054-1064.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Investigation of Electric Discharge Machining of Idenconel 718 Using Special Graphite Electro
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Harpinder Singh Sandhu|| Vidhata Metha || Jatin Manchanda || Gurpreet Singh Phull

Abstract:Electric Discharge Machining is a non-conventional machining process, used to machining difficult to machine materials. The major problem faced while doing EDM is high tool wear rate, end wear, corner wear , surface roughness and low material removal rate,. In this research work experimental investigations have been made to find the machining characteristics of high density ultra fine graphite and Inconel 718 superalloy. The present paper presents the effects of peak current, pulse on-time(Ton) and duty cycle on the output parameters like Material Removal Rate(MMR, End Wear and Surface Roughness(SR).

[1]. H M T, "Production Technology", pp. 459-474, 1st Ed (2009).
[2]. Abu Zeid O.A.,"On the effect of electro discharge machining parameters on the fatigue life of AISI D6 tool steel", Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 68, No. 1, pp. 2732, 1997.
[3]. PN Rao, "Manufacturing Technology, Vol-2", pp. 295, 2nd Ed (2012).
[4]. Bharti P.S., Maheshwari S., Sharma C.,"Experimental investigation of Inconel 718 during die-sinking electric discharge machining", International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol. 2(11), pp. 6464-6473, 2010.
[5]. Rajesha S., Sharma A.K., Kumar P.,"An approach to optimisation of process parameters while EDMing Inconel 718 using Taguchi's orthogonal array", International Journal of Production Quality Engineering, Vol. 2(1), pp. 19-26, 2011.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Numerical Model to Estimate the Thermophysical Properties of Oxygen at Critical Pressure to be used in SMES
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Aal Arif Sarkar || Raja Sekhar Dondapati

Abstract: The development of High Temperature Superconductors (HTS) made a path for Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Systems (SMES) to emerge as a viable technology for high energy storage uses. Moreover, the essence for need of a dependable, fast, stable and flexible power compensation devices in the power production industries make the ideal opportunities for SMES. However, an active refrigeration system is required to keep these superconducting magnets at a very low temperature, to allow indefinite circulation of electrical energy in the superconducting magnetic loop. In the present work, a novel approach of cooling concept with oxygen at critical pressure region has been proposed to maintain the superconducting state of HTS magnet in SMES. Moreover, the thermophysical properties such as density, viscosity, specific heat and thermal conductivity have been studied over a wide range of temperatures (154.58K-204.58K) at critical pressure (Pc=50.43 bar). Also, the correlation for oxygen at critical pressure has been developed. These correlations can be used in prior prediction of SMES performance under various operating conditions and also improve the efficiency of SMES. Moreover, the SMES system can be possibly made smaller and cost effective.

[1] Mitsuhiro Tada, Yasunori Mitani and Kiichiro Tasuji, (1995), "Power Control by Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage for Loading Change Compensation and Power System Stabilization in Interconnected Power System", IEEE Transaction on Applied Superconductivity, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 250-253.
[2] M. Park, A.R. Kim, K.M. Kim, J.G. Kim, I.K. Yu, S.H. Kim, K. Sim, M.H. Sohn, K.C.Seong, (2011),"HTS SMES Application for the Frequency Stabilization of Grid-Connected Wind Power Generation System", J Supercond Nov Magn 24: pp.1007–1014.
[3] CHENG ShiJie, TANG YueJin, (2007), "High Temperature SMES for improving power system stabilities", Science in China Series E: Technological Sciences, Vol. 50, No.4, pp. 402-412.
[4] Zubair A. Baig and Abdul-Raoof Amoudi, (2013), "An Analysis of Smart Grid Attacks and Countermeasures", Journal of Communications, Vol. 8, No. 8, pp. 473-479.
[5] Kristian Fossheim and Asle Sudbo, "Superconductivity: Physics and Applications", © 2004 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Evaluation of Free Vibration Characteristics of Cantilever Beams Made From Different Materials
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Hardeep Singh || Er.Sanpreet Singh || Dr.Gurpreet Singh

Abstract: This paper focuses on the free vibration characteristics of cantilever beams. Now a day vibration is one of the most important areas of the research, because so many failures are occur due to excess vibrations in machines or any other field like construction etc, so that we measured the vibration and reduce it or control it. Vibration is the study of oscillatory motions. It is both useful and harmful for engineering systems. To control the vibration dampers are used but they posses internal damping due to that energy dissipate in to heat. Estimating Damping is a biggest challenge in materials. The objective of the study is to find out the Free Vibrations and natural frequency of cantilever beams which are made up from different materials (Aluminium, Stainless Steel, Mild Steel and Wood) and also find out their damping ratio,the vibration characteristics of an cantilever beam are find usingvibscanner and Accelerometer sensor. All the theoretical values are compared with experiment value and also find out percentage error between them.

[1] Pawar, R.S, Sawant, S.H., "An Overview of Vibration Analysis of Cracked Cantilever Beam with Non-Linear Parameters and Harmonic Excitations" International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 2278-3075, Volume-3, Issue-8, January 2014, pp. 53-55
[2] Chopade, J.P., Barjibhe, R.B. , "Free Vibration Analysis of Fixed Free Beam with Theoretical and Numerical Approach Method" International Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology, Vol. 2, Issue 1 ,February 2013, pp.352-356
[3] Singh, R., Sharma, M., Singh, V.P., "An Experimental Study of Vibration Control of Cantilever Beam Using Eddy Current Damper" International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Vol.7 No.11, (2012), pp. 256-262.