iosr-JMCE   Volume-10 ~ Issue-3

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Performance of Crusher Dust in High Plastic Gravel Soils As Road Construction Material
Country	:	India
Authors	:	P.V.V. Satyanarayana, P. Raghu, R. Ashok Kumar, N. Pradeep
	:	10.9790/1684-1030105

Abstract: The performance of Flexible Pavement depends on the functions of the component layers especially Sub-base layers. Generally Sub-base layers are made up of natural soils like Gravels. Frequently gravel soils composed of high amount of fines which causes plasticity characteristics with adsorption of moisture under heavy loads and repeated traffic. Excess deformation leading several failure which require huge investment of money for their repairs. To reduce the excess deformation of the gravel soils and to increase the life period of the pavement there is a need to arrest their plastic characteristics and stabilization is one such techniques to improve the gravel soils by addition of industrial wastes. In this connection Crusher Dust has been selected as a Stabilizer to improve their qualities.

[1]. IS 2720: Part 4: 1985 Methods of Test for Soils - Part 4: Grain Size Analysis.
[2]. IS 2720: Part 8: 1987 Methods of Test for Soils - Part 8: Determination of water Content and Dry Density Relation Using Heavy Compaction.
[3]. IS 2720: Part 16: 1987 Methods of Test for Soil – Part 16 : Laboratory Determination of CBR.
[4]. Gourley C. S. and Greening, P. A. K. (1997), "Use of Sub-standard Laterite Gravels as Road Base Materials in Southern Africa", International Symposium on Thin Pavements, Surface Treatments and Unbound Roads, University of New Brunswick, Canada.
[5]. Hausmann, M.R. (1990): Engineering Principles of Ground Modification, McGraw Hill Book Company, New Delhi.
[6]. MORTH specification For Road and Bridge Works, published by IRC 2001.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Characterizing Erythrophleum Suaveolens Charcoal as a Viable Alternative Fuel to Coke in Iron Melting In Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Olorunnishola, A. A. G., Akintunde, M. A.
	:	10.9790/1684-1030611

Abstract: An experimental study was conducted to characterize erythrophleum suaveolens (Gwaska) charcoal. The test was conducted for proximate analysis (involving the determination of moisture content, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon) and ultimate analysis (involving the determination of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen sulphur and calorific value) of erythrophleum suaveolens charcoal. The determined values of moisture, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon were 0.94%, 6.13%, 6.77% and 86.16% respectively. Also the determined values of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur and calorific value were 77.5%, 9%, 5.48%, 1.89%, 0.003% and 7158.6995 Kcal/Kg respectively. Therefore, the gwaska charcoal satisfies the blast furnace requirements for moisture, ash and sulphur in Nigeria. However, its volatile matter exceeds the specified limit except for Indian standard practice. The erythrophleum suaveolens charcoal's thermal properties showed that it could compete favourably with coke and therefore can be an excellent reducing fuel for the production of iron.

Keywords: Erythrophleum suaveolens charcoal, proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, coke

[1]. Adeleke, A.O., Makan, R.S. and Ibitoye, S.A. (2006). Characterization of Ajaokuta Coke for Blast Furnace Iron making. Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, jmmce.org Vol. 5, No.2, pp 155-165. Printed in the USA. All rights reserved.
[2]. Alex, Abutu. Nigeria's Federal Government Loses N1 Billion to Illegal Charcoal, Wood Export. http://allafrica.com/stories. Retrieved 2012-11-20
[3]. Ayensu, E.S., 1978. Medicinal plants of West Africa. Reference Publication, Michigan. P 330
[4]. Brouwer, R. C., Schoone, E.E. and Toxopeus, H.L., (1992). "Coal Injection driven to the limits", Iron and Steel Engineer, Vol. 69, No 12, pp. 22.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Pollution Due To Noise from Selected Places
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dasarathy A., K., Dr. T. S. Thandavamoorthy, FIE
	:	10.9790/1684-1031216

Abstract: Noise pollution degrades environment and also causes health hazard to human beings. In urban areas major sources of noise pollution are traffic and construction activities. Available guide lines for noise pollution have been reviewed in the paper. Measurement of noise levels at selected locations reported in the paper, for example, railway stations, use of machinery at construction sites, etc., was made and compared with the guide line values. It has been observed that the noise level at all locations exceeds the value prescribed by the competent authorities. At the pedestrian locations the noise level is 60 dB to 110 dB. At the railway crossing the noise level is 45 dB to 110 dB. The above inference shows that the noise pollution is paramount at all sources. Due to the various adverse impacts of noise on humans and environment, noise should be controlled. The conclusion drawn from this study is that the technique or the combination of techniques to be employed for noise control depends upon the extent of the noise reduction required, nature of the equipment used and the economy aspects of the available techniques.

Keywords: noise, construction noise, noise pollution, noise control, noise attenuation

[1]. Vidyasagar T. and Rao, G. N., Noise Pollution Levels in Visakhapatnam City (India). Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 48, 139-142, (2006).
[2]. Thangadurai N., Venkateswaran, P. and Jeevanraj, S., Evaluation and analysis of noise quality of Ambur, TamilNadu, India. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering, 47, 7-12, (2005).
[3]. Anon., Assessment and Control of Noise Pollution in Mining Industry, Proceedings of National Seminar held by Institution of Engineers at Madras, (1989).
[4]. Rao, P.R., Noise Pollution and Control, Encyclopedia of Environmental Pollution and Control, Vol.-2, Environmedia Publications, India, (1995), ed.
[5]. Muralikrishna, K V S G, Air Pollution and Control, Kaushal & Co., Kakinada, AP, (1995), ed.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Ultimate Behavior of Lightweight High Strength Concrete Filled Steel Tube (LWHCFST)
Country	:	Egypt
Authors	:	Ayman Ismail, Ashraf Morshed, Sherif Yehia
	:	10.9790/1684-1031722

Abstract: Strength and ductility of concrete members can be significantly improved with lateral confinement, usually achieved by using a steel tube casing. The concrete confinement can be utilized to make bridge lighter and have longer spans.

[1] Roeder C.W., Cameron, B. and Brown, C.B. "Composite action in concrete filled tubes. Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 125(5), pp. 477-484, 1999.
[2] Varma, A.H., Ricles, J.M., Sause, R. and Lu, L.W." Experimental behavior of high strength square concrete-filled steel tube beam-columns", Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 128(3), pp. 309-318, 2002.
[3] Zhen, Z., Chen, B. and Wu, Q. "Recent development of CFST arch bridge in China", Proceeding of 6th ASCCS Conference, U.S.A., pp. 205-212. 2000.
[4] Clawson, W.C. "Bridge applications of composite construction in the U.S.", Structural Engineering in the 21st Century, Proceedings of the 1999 Structures Congress, pp. 544-547. 1999.
[5] Nakamura, S. " New structural forms for steel/concrete composite bridges". Structural Engineering International, Journal of the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), pp. 45-50, 2000.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Applying Regression Model to Predict the Effects of Shaft and Bearing Deviations on the Clearance of the Assembly of Mating Parts
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Olorunnishola, A. A. G.
	:	10.9790/1684-1032329

Abstract: This work presents formulation of linear regression model for the effect of shaft and bearing deviations on the clearance of the assembly of mating parts. The model validation confirmed the existence of statistical relationships between clearance and shaft and bearing deviations. Applying data collected from direct measurement of shafts and bearings produced in the workshop, R2 values of 99.7% was obtained for assembly of mating parts model ; thus, indicating that about 99.7% of the parts produced are interchangeable, thus reducing the probability of producing scraps to the barest minimum. The results obtained using critical parameters of assembly of mating parts and multiple linear regression models give good estimation and are validated with experimental values with an error much lesser than 4% error. The regression model also showed that given the shaft and bearing deviations, the expected clearance can be determined, thus, enabling the quality control personnel to significantly monitor and reduce variation in the assembly of mating parts. Key words: Mating parts, Regression modeling, Quality control, Interchangeability

[1] Amjed, A. (2004). "A statistical Approach Linking Energy Management to Maintenance and Production Factors". Journal of quality in maintenance engineering, Vol. 9, No.1, P 25.

[2] Andrew, G., Matt, S., and Valerie, C. (2003). "Regression Modeling and Meta-Analysis for Decision Making: A Cost-Benefit Analysis of Incentives in Telephone Surveys", 1, Pp 1-13.

[3] Dale, H.B. (1986). Quality Control. Prentice-Hall International Edition, U.S.A. Pp 1-10.
[4] Egbo, G. and Olorunnishola, A.A.G (2007). Analysis of the effects of equipment failure and production rates on electrical energy consumption in Ashaka Cement Plc. Gombe State. Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vol. 10, No.1.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	CFD Simulation and Experimentalverification of Air Flow through Heated Pipe
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Jamuna A. B., Somashekar V.
	:	10.9790/1684-1033035

Abstract: The aim of this work is to validate the Dittus-Boelter equation by experimental,correlation and Simulation method. It used to find the value of heat transfer coefficient 'h' for turbulent flow in many fluid transfer systems. This work discusses how the Dittus-Boelter equation is applied to the problem of circular pipe. In CFD simulation ICEM CFD for modeling and CFX13 for analysis are used. Results of CFD simulation will be obtained by CFD-POST. Here heat transfer coefficient value is compared by correlations,experiment and CFD simulations, finally the aim of this work is to validate Dittus-Boelter equation.

Key words: CFD, Correlation Method, Experimental Method, Heat Transfer Coefficient, Simulation Method.

[1] Dittus, F. W., and L. M. K. Boelter. University of California (Berkley) Pub. Eng., vol. 2., p. 443, 1930.
[2] Holman, J. P., Heat Transfer, 9th edition, McGraw Hill, p. 267-271.
[3] Diane L. Linne, Michael L. Meyer, Tim Edwards, and David A. Eitman. Evaluation of Heat Transfer and Thermal Stability of Supercritical JP–7 Fuel. NASA Technical Memorandum 107485.
[4] Incropera, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 5th edition, John Wiley and Sons
[5] J. R. Lamarsh& Anthony B., Intro to Nuclear Engineering, 3rd edition, Wiley
[6] Munson, Young, Okishi, Fundamentals of Fluid Dynamics, 4th edition, Wiley
[7] Tichakorn, Forced Convection, research paper, Cornell University, Nov 2004
[8] Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Laboratory, Forced Convection Heat Transfer, State University of New Jersey
[9] Application note, Active Filter Design, Texas instrument
[10] Application note, AN699, AN823, AN990, AN682, AN685, AN687, AN684 Microchip Technology Inc.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Experimental Investigation on Use of Methyl Ester Kusum Oil and Its Blends In Direct Injection Ci Engine
Country	:	India
Authors	:	N. P. Rathod, S. M. Lawankar
	:	10.9790/1684-1033643

Abstract:The research on alternative fuels for compression ignition engine has become essential due to depletion of petroleum products, higher oil prices and its major contribution for pollutants, where vegetable oil promises best alternative fuel. Vegetable oils, due to their agricultural origin, are able to reduce net CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. In the present paper, the research efforts directed towards improving the performance of C.I. engine using vegetable oil (Methyl ester kusum oil) as a fuel. The paper deals with results of performance of a single cylinder, four stroke, C.I. engine using kusum oil methyl ester and its blends with diesel. The performance of engine was studied at constant speed, with the engine operated at various loading conditions. Performance parameters considered for comparing are brake specific fuel consumption, thermal efficiency, brake power, exhaust gas temperature, smoke density and part load and peak load performance of the engine. The engine offers increase in thermal efficiency when it is powered by kusum oil and its blends at various loads. The power developed and exhausts gas temperature increases with the increase and specific fuel consumption is higher than diesel fuel.

[1] Ayhan Demirba, Department of Chemical Education, Karadeniz Technical University "Biodiesel fuels from vegetable oils via catalytic and non-catalytic supercritical alcohol transesterifications and other methods: a survey", PK 216, Trabzon 61035, Turkey.

[2] Mallela Gandhi, N. Ramu and S. Bakkiya Raj "methyl ester production from schlichera oleosa" Mallela et al., IJPSR, 2011; Vol. 2(5): 1244-1250.

[3] Biodiesel production: a review1 Fangrui Maa, Milford A. Hannab,* a Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA b Industrial Agricultural Products Center, University of Nebraska, 211 L.W. Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0730, USA.

[4] Lohith.N, Dr. R.Suresh, Yathish.K.V "Experimental Investigation of Compressed Ignition Engine Using Karanja Oil Methyl Ester (KOME) as Alternative Fuel". / International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012, pp.1172-1180.

[5] S. Kalligeros, F. Zannikos, S. Stournas, E. Lois, G.Anastopoulos, Ch. Teas and F. Sakellaropoulos "An investigation of using biodiesel/marine diesel blends on the performance of a stationary diesel engine".

[6] Deepak Agarwal, Avinash Kumar Agarwal, "Performance and emissions characteristics of Jatropha oil (preheated and blends) in a direct injection compression ignition engine". Applied Thermal Engineering 27 (2007) 2314–2323.

[7] M.C.Navindgi, Maheswar Dutta and B. Sudheer Prem "Performance evaluation, emission characteristic and economic analysis of four non-edible straight vegetable oils on a single cylinder CI engine". Kumar ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences Voi.7,No.2, Feb2012.
[8] Magín Lapuerta, Octavio Armas and José Rodríguez-Fernández Escuela Técnica "Effect of biodiesel fuels on diesel engine emissions" Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela, s/n. 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.

[9] Sharanappa Godiganur, C.H. Suryanarayana Murthy, Rana Prathap Reddy, 2009,"6BTA 5.9 G2-1 Cummins engine performance and emission tests using methyl ester mahua (Madhuca indica) oil/diesel blends". Renewable Energy 34, 2172–2177.

[10] Anh N. Phan and Tan M. Phan "Biodiesel production from waste cooking oils"School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Newcastle University, NE1 7RU, UK.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Comparative Performance of Crude Pongamia Oil in A Low Heat Rejection Diesel Engine
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Chirra Kesava Reddy
	:	10.9790/1684-1034454

Abstract:Aim: Experiments were carried out to evaluate the performance of a low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine with ceramic coated cylinder head [ceramic coating of thickness 500 microns was done on inside portion of cylinder head] with different operating conditions [normal temperature and pre-heated temperature] of crude Pongamia oil with varied injection pressure and injection timing.
Study Design: Performance parameters of brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature and volumetric efficiency were determined at various values of brake mean effective pressure (BMEP).

Key words: Crude Pongamia Oil, LHR Engine, Pollution Levels, Exhaust Emissions, Combustion Characteristics.

[1]. Pramanik, K., (2003), Properties and use of jatropha curcas oil and diesel fuel blends in compression ignition engine, Journal of Renewable Energy, vol.28 (2), 239- 48.
[2]. Pugazhvadivu, M. Jayachandran, K., (2008), Investigations on the performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine using preheated waste frying oil as fuel, Renewable energy, vol.30(14), 2189-2202.
[3]. Agarwal, D. and Agarwal, A. K., (2007), Performance and emission characteristics of a jatropha oil (preheated and blends) in a direct injection compression ignition engine, Journal of Applied Thermal Engineering, vol.27, 2314-2323.
[4]. Misra, R.D., Murthy, M.S., (2010), Straight vegetable oils usage in a compression ignition engine—A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol.14, 3005–3013.
[5]. Jabez Dhinagar, S., Nagalingam, B. and Gopala Krishnan, K.V., (1993), A comparative study of the performance of a low heat rejection engine with four different levels of insulation, Proc. of IV International Conference on Small Engines and Fuels, Chang Mai, Thailand, 121-126.
[6]. Kamo, R., et al., 1999, Injection characteristics that improve performance of ceramic-coated diesel engines, SAE paper No 1999-01-0972.
[7]. Jaichandar, S. and Tamilporai, P., (2003), Low heat rejection engines - an overview, SAE paper No.2003-01- 0405,.
[8]. Taymaz, I., Cakir, K., Gur, M. and Mimaroglu, A., (2003), Experimental investigation of heat losses in a ceramic cooled diesel engine, Surface and Coating Technology, vol.3,.169-170.
[9]. Ahmaniemi, S. et al., (2004), Characterization of modified thick thermal barrier coatings, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, vol.13 (3), 361-369.
[10]. Parlak, A., Yasar, H. and Eldogan O., (2005), the effect of thermal barrier coating on a turbocharged Diesel engine performance and exergy potential of the exhaust gas, Energy Conversion and Management, vol.46 (3), 489–499.