iosr-JMCE   Volume-1 ~ Issue-4

Abstracts: To meet the challenges of technological change that can support economic growth and to guarantee equal access to opportunities and employment, vocational and technical education must be available to a substantially greater proportion of young people and adult alike. In this paper vocational and technical has been identified as the most reliable, veritable vehicle that can be used in preparing skilled manpower for the nation. Major constraints to vocational and technical education such as historical legacy from Colonia rule, societal attitudes, government lip service to vocational education, lack of adequate teaching man power, problems of management and organization of VTE, relevance of curriculum, poor state of infrastructures and training equipment amongst others. The paper also made a number repositioning strategies for quality manpower production. These include a general re-orientation of the concept of vocation; re-organization and management of vocational education; new capacity building strategy for vocational teachers, new funding approach, collaboration with employers, accreditation and automatic streaming of students etc.
Key Words: Repositioning, Vocational and Technical Education, Manpower Production

[1.] Atsumbe, B.N. (2010), Technology Education a veritable tool for poverty alleviation. A paper Presented at the 1st Faculty of science National conference of University of Abuja. FCT.18th – 20th January.
[2.] Atsumbe, B.N.(2009), School Industry Partnership: A Veritable tool for quality technology Education. Journal of curriculum and teaching 1(2) 38 -49
[3.] Atsumbe, B.N. (2005), Impact of students industrial work experience scheme on practical skillDevelopment of mechanical students of industrial and technology. Journal of Education Research . 1 (3) 54 – 61.
[4.] Enemali, J.D (2006), Strategies for Effective Management of technical colleges in Northern Nigeria. Spectrum Journal. 2 (2) 13 -19.
[5.] Eze, T.I. (2002), Policy constraints to the growth of technology education programme. Journal Technical education review . 2 (3) 14 – 20.
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Abstract: Although there have been a general or public outcry about the inability of basic technology teachers to teach the subject effectively, little has been said on the areas of deficiency. Based on the forgoing this study was designed to determine the retraining needs of basic technology teachers. Three research questions guided the study. Head teachers of vocational subjects and basic technology teachers in secondary schools in Kogi state constitute the respondents. A 50 item questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data was analyzed using frequency counts and mean statistics. The data analysis revealed that basic technology teachers needs training and re - training in pedagogical skills and their background in various practical skills areas of basic technology are rickety and defective. Further analysis revealed that these teachers hardly manifest any affective work skills. Base on the finding some of the following recommendations were made. Immediate retraining for the current teachers of basic technology with emphasis in the areas of pedagogical and technical skills. Modification of the current NCE curriculum for training technical teachers and universities offering vocational education programmes should be used for the retraining during long vocations.
Key words: Retraining Needs, Technical Educators, Junior Secondary schools, Basic Technology.

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[7.] Ikwni, G. C. (2010). Educational Administrators Evaluation of the performance of Technolog Education Teachers in Secondary schools in Delta state. Unpublished M. Tech thesis. Dept Of Industrial & Technology Education , Federal University if Technology, Minna.
[8.] Kimbell, R.S & Vineyard, F. O. (2007), A study of supervisor and Employer perceptions of Work attitudes in information age manufacturing. Journal of vocational Education Research. 28 (3), 185 -215.
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[10.] Okeke, C. C. (2008), Provision for the pre – vocational subjects at the JSS level in Anambra State. Problem and strategies. In Ehiametalor, E.T. (ed). Implemtation of the National Policy on Education, NERA. 69 -74.

Abstract : Heat transfer intensify techniques (passive, active or a combination of passive and active methods or compound methods) are commonly used in areas such as process industries, heating and cooling in evaporators, thermal power plants, air-conditioning equipment, refrigerators, radiators for space vehicles, automobiles, etc. Passive techniques, where inserts are used in the flow passage to intensify the heat transfer rate, are advantageous compared with active techniques, because the insert manufacturing process is simple and these techniques can be easily employed in an existing heat exchanger. In design of compact heat exchangers, passive techniques of heat transfer augmentation can play an important role if a proper passive insert configuration can be selected According to the heat exchanger working condition (both flow and heat transfer conditions). Many researchers have used different passive methods to improve heat transfer. Passive heat transfer methods are not only applicable in heat exchanger but also in solar air heater and cooling of electronic components (heat sink).
Keywords: Extended surfaces, heat exchangers, passive techniques, heat transfer enhancement, free and forced convection.

[1] Jian Yang Min Zeng Qiuwang Wang, Akira Nakayama "Forced Convection Heat Transfer Enhancement by Porous Pin Fins in Rectangular Channels" IEEE transactions on components and packaging technologies , vol. 27, no. 4, December 2004
[2] "Heat Transfer Enhancement by Using Vortex Generators" 5th European Congress on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering (ECCOMAS 2008) June 30 –July 5, 2008 Venice, Italy
[3] K. H. Dhanawade, H. S. Dhanawade"Enhancement of Forced Convection Heat Transfer from Fin Arrays with Circular Perforation" IEEE 2010.
[4] M.J. Sable, S.J. Jagtap , P.S. Patil , P.R. Baviskar & S.B. Barve"enhancement of natural convection heat transfer on vertical heated plate by multiple v-fin array" IJRRAS 5 (2) ● November 2010.
[5] Abdullah H. AlEssa and Mohammed Q. Al-Odat "enhancement of natural convection heat transfer from a fin by triangular perforations of bases parallel and toward its base" The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Volume 34, Number 2B, October 2009.
[6] Kai-Shing Yang, Kuo-Liang Wun, Ing Youn Chen, Chi-Chuan Wang "Experimental Investigation of High Performance Thermal Module with Dimple Vortex Generators" Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu Taiwan 300.
[7] Sandeep S. Kore, Satishchandra V. Joshi, Narayan K.Sane "experimental investigations of heat transfer enhancement from dimpled surface in a channel" ISSN : 0975-5462 Vol. 3 No. 8 August 2011
[8] S. V. Iyer and K. Vafai, , "passive heat transfer augmentation in a cylindrical annulus utilizing a porous perturbation" 18th Avenue, 1999,Columbus, OH 43210-1107,USA.
[10] A. Vikrant Katekar B. Ankur VithalKar C. Bhojraj Kale "enhancement of convective heat transfer coefficient in solar air heater of roughened absorber plate" Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology, ICETET-09
[11] Seong-Yeon Yoo", Dong-Seong Park, Min-Ho Chung, Sang-Yun Lee "Heat Transfer Enhancement for Fin-Tube Heat Exchanger Using Vortex Generators" KSME International Journal, VoL 16, No.1, pp. 109-115, 2002
[12] M. Siddique, A.-R. A. Khaled, N. I. Abdulhafiz, and A. Y. Boukhary International Journal of Chemical Engineering Volume 2010, Article ID 106461, 28 pages

Abstract: Environmental Impact Assessment can be defined as the systematic process of identifying and evaluating the future consequences of a current or proposed action relative to the physical, chemical, biological, cultural and socioeconomic components of the environment. Any development project plan to improve the quality of life has some built-in positive and negative impacts. The development project should, thus, be planned in such a manner that it has maximum positive impacts and minimum negative impacts on the environment. The purpose of incorporating EIA approaches has been described as subjecting a proposed action to an examination of what the possible environmental impacts of that action would be and to find ways to mitigate any negative long term impacts. This paper highlights the importance of EIA in the sustainable development of a Construction project with a case study of an upcoming Multiplex in BalloMajra near Mohali (Punjab). The parameters covered in present work are Biological, Air, Water, Noise, Soil and Socio-Economic. A study period from January 2012 to April 2012 was selected for collection of Base Line Environmental Data. The impact of various environmental parameters, due to the proposed project has been predicted and depending on them mitigation measures have been suggested. The "Leopold Impact Matrix‟ has been used to evaluate the impacts of various parameters. With the help of "Leopold Impact Matrix‟ the impact of the environmental changes, due to the project, with and without the mitigation measures has been evaluated. Finally, an Environment Impact Statement has been prepared.
Keywords: Environment Impact Assessment, environmental pollution, Construction activities, Environmental impact of construction.

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[9.] Deshpande V.A.& Goyal, S.K. (2008) Environment impact evaluation in EIA studies: A new approach , IJEP 18 (11): 824-829.
[10.] Eddy & Metcalf, INC, revised by George Tchobanologous, "Waste water engineering treatment, Disposal, Reuse", Tata Mcgraw Hill, Second Edition.

Abstract: This paper reports the results of the investigation of air pollution from automobiles at intersections on some selected major roads in Ogbomoso, South Western, Nigeria. Four sampling routes were considered with ten sampling points (SP1 – SP10) placed 2.0m away from the edge of the road. Priority parameters: SO2, NOx, CO were monitored. The results of SO2, NOx, CO were in the range of 0.02 – 0.09ppm, 0.009-0.039ppm, 1.79-51.38ppm respectively. The concentration of SO2 was highest at SP 6 with value 0.5103ppm. Emission concentration for NOx was found to be highest at SP 6 where traffic congestion and traffic intersection is observed. The highest level obtained for the air pollution indicator of CO was at: SP 9, 6, 3and 10 due to traffic congestion and traffic intersection, where long waiting time for vehicles was observed. All the three monitored air pollutants when compared with AQI level (Air quality index) were in the range of: SO2 – was from very poor to good, NOx- from good to very good, CO – very good to moderate and moderate to poor in different locations. The study concludes that, it has become quite important to understand the role of mobile source emissions on air quality through well-designed studies. This information can provide important input for the formulation of effective air quality management strategies.

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Abstract: The depletion of oil resources as well as the environmental regulation has led to the development of alternate energy sources. In this present work the performance characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine when fulled with blends of neem oil and diesel are evaluated. Experiments were conducted with different blends (B10&B20) of neem oil and diesel as various loads. The results show that the brake thermal efficiency of diesel is slightly higher at all loads followed by blends of neem oil and diesel, it has been established that 20% of neem oil biodiesel can be use as a substitute for diesel without any engine modification thus neem oil as non-edible oil can be a good renewable raw material for biodiesel production.
Keywords- alternate fuels, blends, neem oil, performance, transesterification.

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