iosr-JMCE   Volume-1 ~ Issue-6

Abstract : Road safety audit is formal procedure for assessing accident potential and safety performance in the provision of new road schemes, the improvement and rehabilitation of existing road & in maintenance of roads. The role of auditor is to provide independent advice in the form of written recommendations. The designer or client then considers the advice and formal decision is made by them on whether or not to adopt each of the recommended safety alterations. The primary role of audit team is to identify the potential problems of a highway project by conducting the site inspection & collecting data from various agencies. The objective of the study is the identification of accident prone areas on the road from FIR, to study the effect of roadway geometrics and traffic conditions on the road stretch and development of statistical relationship between accident rates and various factors causing accidents. The scope of the study is to reduce accidents on road network, reducing severity of accidents and the need for costly remedial work is reduced. The road selected for the study is Bannerghatta road (12 km). The accident analysis is done from four years data. The V.F.Babkov's analysis is done by collecting geometric features of the road. Pedestrian safety analysis also done. Accident prone locations are identified by the all analysis.
Key words: First Investigation Report (FIR), Road Geometrics, Babkov's analysis

[1] K.W. Ogden "Safer Roads:Guide to Road Safety Engineering", Avebury Technical Publishers, UK 1996
[2] V.F.Babkov, "Road Conditions and Traffic Safety", Mir Publishers, Moscow, 1975.
[3] Prof.P.K.Sikdar and Dr.Nishi Mittal "Road Safety Ensuring Safety In Road System "Indian Highways, January 20003
[4] Eugene M. Wilson "Adapting The Road Safety Audit Review For Local Rural Roads", Department of Civil Engineering, University of Wyoming Laramie, Wyoming Technology Transfer Center, July 2000
[5] Thomas J. McDonald "Road Safety Audit For Prince Of Wales Island, Alaska", Institute for Transportation Iowa State University,Oct 2010
[6] S.K.Khanna & C.E.G.Justo, "Highway Engineering", Khanna Publishers, New Delhi – 1993.
[7] http://www.who.int/roadsafety/decade_of_action/en
[8] NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM [NCHRP] SYNTHESIS 336 ,"Road safety audits " TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH BOARD ,WASHINGTON, D.C.2004
[9] Divya Gandhi and Deepa kurup, "Highway Take A Toll On Pedestrians",The Hindu news paper,Bengaluru, October 11,2011.
[10] Vivian Robert R. and A. Veeraragavan "EVALUATION OF TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT MEASURES IN ACCIDENT REDUCTION UNDER MIXED TRAFFIC",16th ICTCT WORKSHOP.
[11] G. Gururaj, "Road Safety in India: A Framework for Action", National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences,Publication no 83, Bangalore.2011
[12] Luke Rogers, "iRAP India Four States Road Safety Report ",iRAP502.15: 19 December 2011.

Abstract: There is an increasing trend for using cold mix design with bitumen emulsion all over the world because of several advantages such as elimination of heating of binder and aggregate while producing mixes, this helps in protection of environment and energy conservation. In the present study, the main objective is to study the behaviour and effect of pre compaction curing on grade-2 semi dense bituminous concrete (SDBC-2) mix using bituminous emulsions treated mixtures (BETM) by Modifiefid Marshall Method of mix design. The specimen were prepared with and without filler.Comparasion was made in terms of dry and wet Marshall Stability, Marshall Flow, Volumetric properties and Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) on Modified Marshall specimen prepared by cold mix method for SDBC-2 mix.
In the present investigation it was found that for mixes with and without filler the Volumetric properties, dry and wet Marshall Stability, Marshall Flow and ITS.
Based on this present study it has been found that mix with cement and hydrated lime as filler each 2% both showed better results compared to mix with no filler. It has been seen that mix with 2% cement as filler showed better results compared to hydrated lime and there was no much difference in the properties for six and eight days cured specimen and hence could be concluded that six days curing period can be taken as optimum.
Keywords: curing periods, Dry and wet stability, Marshall Flow, volumetric properties

[1]. I R Arya and Dr. N.K.S Pundhir. "Emulsified Cold Mixes-Design, construction and field performance", IRC, Indian Highway.vol29 No.3 1997.
[2]. N.K.S Pundhir, Maj Shalinder Grover and Veeraragvan. "cold mix design of semi Dense Bituminous Concrete. ", IRC, Indian Highway 2010.
[3]. Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. "Specifications for road and bridge works".
[4]. IS 8887:2004. . "Bitumen Emulsion for Roads (Cationic Type)- Specification", Indian standards institution.
[5]. Pundhir,N. K. S., and Nanda P K,(2006)"Development of Bitumen Emulsion Based cold Mix Technology for construction of road under different climatic condition of India.' journal of Scientific and Industrial Research,vol 65,Sep 2006,pp 729-743
[6]. S.K. Khanna and C.E.G. Justo, Highway Material testing (Labouratory Manual), Nemchand and Bros, Roorkee 1997
[7]. S.K. Khanna and C.E.G. Justo "Highway Engineering" 2005.
[8]. Pundhir, N. K. S and Nanda P K,(2006) " Development of Bitumen Emulsion Based Cold Mix Technology for construction of Roads under Different climatic conditions of india." Journal of scientific and Industrial Research ,vol 65, Sep 2006,pp 729-743.

Abstract: A few researches have been carried out in dynamic analysis of gear pump. This work concerns external gear pumps for automotive applications, which operate at high speed, low pressure and presents a sensitivity analysis about the influence of design and operational parameters on the pump dynamic behavior. In previous work, a mathematical modeling was developed for eccentricity of shaft and pump, with the aim of including all the important effects, as well as to get a rather simple model. There are three main sources of noise, vibration and friction considered: Angle of pressure variation and gear meshing. The model has been taken in to account for comparison with experimental vibration data, in a wide range of operational parameters conditions for several profile errors. This paper is concentrated on dynamic analysis of the influence of the main design and operational parameters of the pump dynamic behavior. In particular, the effect of operational pressure, speed and friction, the influence of the clearance in the hydrodynamic bearing and between tooth tip and pump case, and the effect of the operational parameters like stiffness, damping, coefficient of friction, film thickness, speed, friction, load, and torque of the gear will be thoroughly discussed in the paper. Finally, the mathematical model and design could be a very useful and powerful tool in order to evaluate the dynamic improvements for noise, vibration and friction reduction.
Keywords: Gear pump-modeling, control volumes, pressure distribution, radial force on shaft

[1] E. Mucchi, "Dynamic analysis of external gear pumps by means of non linear models and experimental techniques", Ph.D. Thesis, EnDIF- Engineering Department in Ferrara, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy, March 2007
[2] A. Fernández del Rincón and G. Dalpiaz, "A Model for the Elastodynamic Analysis of External GearPumps", Proceedings of ISMA 2002, Leuven, Belgium, September 2002, pp. 1387-1396.
[3] G.Dalpiaz, A.Fernandez del Rincon, M.E.Poppi, "Simulazione del comportamento dinamico di pompe ad ingranaggi per servosterzo", Proceedings of XVI AIMETA, Ferrara, Italy, 9-12 September 2003.
[4] G. Dalpiaz, A. Fernández del Rincón and E. Mucchi, "Modeling meshing phenomena in gear pumps",Proceedings of ISMA 2004, Leuven, Belgium, September 2004, pp. 949-963.
[5] D. Childs, H. Moes, H. Van Leeuwen, "Journal bearing impedance descriptions for rotordynamic application", Journal of lubrication technology 99 198-214 (1977).
[6] The Mathworks, Matlab, Version 6.1, Release 12.1, May 2001.
[7] G. Dalpiaz, A. Fernández del Rincón, E. Mucchi and A. Rivola, "Experimental validation of a model for the dynamic analysis of gear pumps", Proceedings of Novem 2005, Saint Raphael, France, April 2005.
[8] G. Dalpiaz, G. D‟Elia, E. Mucchi, A. Fernández del Rincón, "Modeling run in process in external gear pumps", Proceedings of ESDA 2006, Torino, Italy, July 2006.
[9] G.Dalpiaz, G.D‟Elia, E.Mucchi, A.Fernandez der Rincon. Modeling run in process in external gear pumps. Proceedings of esda2006-95466.
[10] Hydraulic Systems in Design and Engineering Education using Modelica and HyLib. Modelica Workshop2000 Proceedings:33-40.

Abstract: The Impact of Climate Change on the Start of Wet Season Climate Change is the change in the start of the wet and dry season. The start of the wet season is to be marked with a cumulative of 2 month rainfall. It will be different in each catchment area. This number is often used as a benchmark of planting time. That is why the beginning of the wet season known as the beginning of planting time. If planting start can be predicted, then it may be some adaptation on cropping patterns. The aim of research is to find the climate change based on characteristic of historical data, and then predict the start of wet and dry season on the next time series period.The method is the model predictionof Artificial Neural Network Back Propagation. The results showed that the initial season was shifted 2 weeks until 6 weeks. This study concluded that climate change causes changes to the monsoon in the next 6 years. The impact of climate Change in the start of the wet season is the start of planting time. The reliability model is 80%.
Keyword: Climate Change, wet season.

[1]. Asdak, C., HidrologidanPengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai. (Yogyakarta, Gadjahmada Press.,2004).
[2]. Evans, Jason P.,Modelling climate-surface hydrology interactions in data sparse areas. Australian National University (Australia, 2001), 338 pp.
[3]. Hadiani,,R.,AnalisisKeandalanMetodeAutoregresidalamMenentukanMusimTanam.Thesis. Bandung Institute of Technology, 1994
[4]. "AnalisisKekeringanberdasarkan Data Hidrologi." Doctoral diss. Bandung Institute of Technology, 2009
[5]. Kartasapoetra, Ance Ginarsih Ir, Klimatologi : Pengaruh Iklim Terhadap Tanah dan Tanaman. Bandung, 2004, Bumi Aksara.
[6]. RedaTaha,.Artificial Neural Network (ANNs) in Structural Engineering.http://www.reda_taha.com/research/ANN.htm,, 2002
[7]. Mays, LW.,Water Resources Handbook. (AmerikaSerikat, McGraw-Hill. 1996)
[8]. Tallaksen, LM., Van Lannen, HAJ.,. Hydrological Drought. Process and Estimation Methods for Streamflow and Groundwater. Elsevier. UK., 2006
[9]. Turban,E.,Aronso,E., Liang, TP.,. Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems (SistemPendukungKeputusanDanSistemCerdas). ( Yogyakarta, PenerbitAndi, 2005).

Abstract: Staff scheduling is found as a crucial part of staff management. Every scheduling problem is different from each other when considering the various constraints, which leads to the staff scheduling problem becoming more complex. This paper deals with Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach to solve a specific Staff Scheduling Problem. The schedules are planned for 4 weeks with 30 numbers of nurses in the ward and each working day consists of 5 different shift types. Penalty is presented to indicate the level of importance for the constraints involved that are hard constraints and soft constraints. For solving the problem of scheduling, GUI is being introduced for the user friendly approach through MATLAB Version 7.10.
Keywords: - Genetic Algorithm, GUI (Graphical User Interface), MAT Lab, NSP (Nurse Scheduling Problem), Staff scheduling.

[1] A.T. Ernst, H. Jiang, M. Krishnamoorthy and D. Sier, Staff scheduling and rostering: A review of applications, methods and models European Journal of Operational Research 153 (2004)3–27
[2] Amol C. Adamuthe and Rajankumar Bichkar, Hybrid Genetic Algorithmic Approaches for Personnel Timetabling and Scheduling Problems in Healthcare International Conference on Technology Systems and Management (ICTSM) 2011 Proceedings published by International Journal of Computer Applications® (IJCA)
[3] John S. Dean, Staff Scheduling by a Genetic Algorithm with a Two Dimensional Chromosome Structure Park University, Information and Computer Science Department.
[4] Uwe Aickelin, Kathryn A. Dowsland An Indirect Genetic Algorithm for a Nurse Scheduling Problem Computers & Operations Research, 31(5), pp 761-778, 2003
[5] Tiago M. Dias, Daniel F. Ferber, Cid C. de Souza and Arnaldo V. Moura, Constructing nurse schedules at large hospital International Transaction in Operational Research 10 (2003) 245–265
[6] Ivo Blochliger, Modelling staff scheduling problems A tutorial European Journal of Operational Research 158 (2004) 533–542
[7] Uwe Aickelin, Kathryn A. Dowsland Exploiting problem structure in a genetic algorithm approach to a nurse rostering problem. Journal of Scheduling, 3 (3): 139-153, 2000.
[8] Edmund K. Burke et al. The State of The Art of Nurse Rostering Journal of Scheduling 7: 441–499, 2004. ©2004 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands.
[9] William H. Hsu, Genetic Algorithms Department of Computing and Information Sciences Kansas State University.
[10] S.N.Sivanandadam and S.N. Deepa, Introduction to Genetic Algorithms.

Abstract: It is a well known approach that having bluff bodies in tandem will comparatively reduce the drag generated by single bodies. Several experimental and numerical results in the past have proved this phenomenon of drag reduction due to flow interference and patterns of vortex shedding. A V shaped gutter is being used in afterburner of an aircraft gas turbine engine which serves to hold the flame when the afterburner is switched ON. But when the burner is switched OFF the presence of gutter offers excess drag and total pressure loss. Hence it is necessary to reduce the total pressure loss and drag generated by the gutter. In this work an attempt has been made to understand the flow physics involved in keeping bodies in tandem and the effect of change in drag coefficient. Several types of cross section of bodies are investigated both upstream and downstream of the gutter and the drag coefficient is calculated. The flow simulation is done using CFD-ACE+, commercially available CFD Software.
Key Words: Bluff bodies, Drag reduction, Tandem bodies, V gutter

[1] S.Nakanishi, W.W.Velie, and L.Bryant ,An investigation of effects of flame holder gutter shape on afterburner performance, NACA Research memorandum, NACA RM E53J14, Feb-1954
[2] Kareem.A, Tracy Kijewski, Po-chien lu, Investigation of interference effects of group of finite cylinders, Journal of wind engineering and Industrial aerodynamics, Vol-77-78, pp.503-520, Sep-1998.
[3] M.M.Zadravkovich, Review of flow interference between two cylinders in various arrangements, Journal of Fluids Engineering, vol. 99, p. 618-633, Dec- 1977.
[4] T.Morel and M.Bohn, Flow over two circular discs in tandem, Journal fluids Engineering, Vol-102, pp.104-111, March-1980.
[5] P.F.Zhang, J.J.Wang, S.F.Lu.J.Mi, Aerodynamic characteristics of square cylinder with a rod in staggered arrangement, Experiments in Fluids, Volume 38, Issue 4, pp.494-502, March-2005.
[6] Keith Koenig, Interference effects on the drag of bluff bodies in tandem, Phd project report submitted to California institute of technology, URN No: etd-12042006-140552, May- 1978.
[7] S.V.Unaune and V.Ganesan, Analysis of reacting flows in an aero engine afterburner using computational fluid dynamics, Indian Journal of Engineering and material sciences, Vol-11, pp.31-37, Feb-2004.
[8] V.Ganesan, Numerical computation of turbulent flow behind a conical baffle Indian journal of Technology, Vol-18, pp.447-450, Nov-1980.
[9] A. Prasad and C.H.K. Williamson, A method for reduction of bluff body drag, Journal of wind engineering and Industrial aerodynamics, Vol-69-71, pp.155-167, Jul-Oct-1997.
[10] David Bierman and William H.Herrnstein, The interference between struts in various combinations -NACA report no: 468, Accession no: ADA278321, June-1933.

Abstract: This paper presents the Thermodynamics simulation of automobile evaporative air conditioning system (evaporative test rig) when automobile velocity is 20K.m/hr with result and discussion. Modeling of the thermodynamics process involves in evaporative test rig, as and when it is attach on automobile roof. Condition to be follow, is that velocity of automobile is 20K.m/hr. Simulation software develop simulation page that exhibits input button, calculations display, graphs and results of output condition.
Keywords- Dry bulb temperature, Evaporative test rig (E.T.R), Input feed value, Relative humidity Simulation software, Simulation page, Text box, Thermodynamics properties, velocity.

[1]. Suzuki Wagon-R (Model year-2002) image blue-print drawing access by "The-Blueprints.com", 2005.
[2]. Website address link "http://microminigames.net/sim/1/index.php".Website address link to internet explorer which open the simulation page for calculation and graph's,2012.
[3]. Simulation page created by using software tools, they are "Java script" and "Canvas HTML5". W3C standardize and regulated by Jan. 2011.
[4]. Microsoft corporation, "Paint tool of Microsoft windows-7", Home Basic, Version6.1 (Build7601: Service Pack 1), copyright 2009.
[5]. Formulation from "Chapter-4": Thermodynamic modeling. Thermodynamic simulation and experimental study of evaporative cooling system on automobile. , doctoral diss.Buit, Barkatullah university, Bhopal, M.P, India.
[6]. Drawing layout design and graph by "Canvas HTML5" ( a software language),which include simulation page with Text Box, Selection Box, Drop Down Box, Command Button or input button,.i.e,RUN and PLOT. W3C standardize and regulated by Jan. 2011.
[7]. "Java script" (Common language) is used for logical mathematical or equational calculation. Our Evaporative test rig (thermodynamic analysis modeling) is coded in java script, code file are as follow: 1.Calculation file containing all formula calculation.2.Flot file is component graphing help file. Containing library of HTML data, component data.3.Index.php file to support "HTML5" for simulation page.4.Portable network graph images) file to support diagram of car with E.T.R. W3C standardize and regulated by Jan. 2011.
[8]. All the simulation is created with software tool's "canvas HTML5 and, Java script".W3C standardizes and regulated by Jan. 2011.
[9]. C.A.D. model done in "I-DEAS.11.0", 2011.
[10]. ANSYS Inc.:"Theory Guide-ANSYS FLUENT 12.0", Copyright 2009, and ISO- 9001: April 2009.