iosr-JMCE   Volume-3 ~ Issue-6

Abstract: Traditionally, load estimating for air conditioning systems is done either by manual calculation or judgmental estimation based on experience of the air conditioning practitioner. While manual calculation is laborious, estimate based on judgment is liable to error due to gigantic, complex and dynamic nature of present day architectural designs. Load estimating through computer automation is likely to make a positive impact in the dynamic nature of air conditioning applications. This study develops computer software in C# .NET (C Sharp dot NET) to handle simple and typical load estimate for air conditioning in developing country (i.e. Bangladesh). Though this study deals with simplified model of a room, this software can be improved to calculate intricate and dynamic nature of load with a very little effort. Currently, there are several commercial packages available in the market not only for the cooling load calculations, but also for other applications of heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. But, commercial softwares for cooling load estimation and HVAC design are very costly for the peoples of developing countries like Bangladesh. The main objective of this development is to provide a free and easy way to estimate cooling load for air-conditioning.
Keywords:c - Cooling load, CLTD method, HVAC, C# dot NET, CLF, Trace700

[1] ASHRAE, (1997). ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook, American Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Publishing Service.
[2] ASHRAE, (1989). ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook, American Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Publishing Service.
[3] B. Kareem, "Load Estimating for Air Conditioning using Computer Software Approach," International Journal of The Computer, the Internet and Management Vol.16. N.o.2 (May-August, 2008) pp 35-43
[4] Shan K. Wang, Handbook of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, 2000.

Abstract:This paper describes a study of the performance of a ventilation system in a typical patient room using CFD modeling and calculations of various ventilation indices. The principal purpose of heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems (HVAC) is to provide conditions for human thermal comfort. Flow simulations with the advent of computer architectures with superfast processing capabilities are rapidly emerging as an attractive alternative to conventional HVAC analysis which is either too restrictive or expensive. Design and operation of a typical ventilation system is fully investigated in this study through HVAC flow simulation. A tool of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is employed to assist the process. The objective is to investigate ventilation system while maintain good indoor thermal and air quality. The Model was designed into Solidworks and a computational domain was created. Solidworks Flow Simulation was used to iterate toward a converged solution with the goal of obtaining comfort criteria of the ventilation system. The results were analyzed and compared with standard values of thermal comfort criteria to validate those results.
Keywords:-HVAC, SolidWorks, simulation, comfort criteria, ventilation, AQI, PPD, PMV

[1] AQI information available at: http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_quality_index
[2] ASHRAE, (1997). ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook, American Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Publishing Service.
[3] Vladimir Zmhral, FrantsekDrkal, "Measurement of thermal comfort parameters in a space with radiant cooled ceiling"
[4] Fanger, P.O. "Thermal comfort – Analysis and application in environmental engineering," Kingsport Press, Inc.,1972
[5] FarhadMemarzadeh, Ph.D., P.E., Andy Manning, Ph.D. "Thermal Comfort, Uniformity, and Ventilation Effectiveness in Patient Rooms: Performance Assessment Using Ventilation Indices," ASHRAE Transactions: Symposia, MN-00-11-3
[6] Mallick, F.H. "Thermal comfort and building design in tropical climate," Energy and Building, 1996,vol 23. pp. 161-167.
[7] Nicol, J.F."Adaptive thermal comfort standards in the hot-humid tropics,"Energy and Buildings, 2004, pp. 628-637.
[8] ShafizalMaarof, Phillip Jones, "Thermal Comfort Factors in Hot and Humid Region: MALAYSIA"

Abstract: The present energy situation and the pollutions from vehicles running on internal combustion engines in the world have necessitated the need to harness energy from other unconventional sources to power them. Electric Vehicles have been developed to solve this problem, but a sustained energy supply to run these vehicles have been a major drawback. Wind energy from a moving vehicle as one of such unconventional sources could be harnessed and subsequently used to power these vehicles. This paper is directed at the design and numerical modeling of a device for harnessing wind energy from a moving vehicle, which the author called a Vehicular Wind Energy Converter (VWEC). The results from the model show the potential of this device as an on-board charging system for Electric and Hybrid Vehicles.
Keywords:Charging, Electric Vehicle, Emission, Vehicle Speed, Wind Energy

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_car, Retrieved 18th of September, 2012
[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/wind turbine, 2008.
[3] Ragheb, M., Vertical Axis Wind Turbine, 2011, 1.
[4] Uguru-Okorie, D.C. 2009. The design and construction of a vehicular wind energy converter, MSc thesis, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2009.
[5] Savonius SJ, The S-rotor and its applications. Mechanical Engineering ,53 (5), 1931, 333 - 338.
[6] Sathyajith Mathew, Wind Energy Fundamentals (Netherlands: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2006), 107 – 111.
[7] A.Y. Qasim1, R. Usubamatov and Z.M. Zain, Test of Impeller Type Vawt in Wind Tunnel. Journal of Sustainable Energy & Environment, 3, 2012, 19-23.
[8] Saha, U.K.and Rajkumar, M. Jaya, On the performance analysis of Savonius rotor with twisted blades. Renewable Energy, 31, (2006), Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2005.08.030, 2005.
[9] Andersen, P. D., Technological Innovation in the Danish Wind Turbine Industry: (In Danish) Samfundslitteratur, Copenhagen, 1993.
[10] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_electric_drive, Retrieved 22nd of September, 2012.

Abstract: Turning is one of the metal cutting operation, is most widely used manufacturing technique in the industry and there are lots of studies to investigate this complex process in both academic and industrial world. Metal cutting operations still represent the largest class of manufacturing operations where turning is the most commonly employed material removal process. Advances in CNC/NC machining and high speed machining technologies have boosted the productivity of machining process. One of the state of the art efforts in manufacturing engineering is to use the FEM for simulation of the metal cutting process. Simulation can increase the understanding of the cutting process and reduce the number of experiments. Researchers find these variables by using experimental techniques which makes the investigation very time consuming and expensive. At this point, finite element modeling and simulation becomes main tool. These important cutting variables can be predicted without doing any experiment with finite element method. In this study the metal cutting process is analyzed with FEM model for 3D simulation of turning process with solid single point cutting tool. This tool is modeled with CATIAV5, and exported STL files and imported in DEFORM 3D. [1]
Keywords:CATIA, Chip formation, Deform-3D, PCBN cutting tool, turning.

[1] DEFORM-3D Version 10 user Manual.

[2] Using Virtual Manufacturing Simulation In 3D Cutting Forces prediction by Gabriela Patrascu, of the ORADEA UNIVERSITY Fascicle of Management and Technological Engineering, Volume VI (XVI), 2007

[3] K.C. Jain and A.K Chitale, A Text book of Production Engineering, Eastern Economy Edition

[4] Dr. P.C. Sharma, A Text book of Manufacturing Technology, S.Chand Publications.

[5] J.S. Strenkowski, J.T Carroll, A Finite Element Model of Orthogonal Metal Cutting, ASME Trans. J. Engineering for Industry, (1985) Vol. 107. 349-354

[6] K.Komopoulos, S.A Erpenbeck, Finite Element Modeling of Orthogonal Cutting, ASME J. Eng. Ind. 113 (1991) 253-267)

[7] Y. Karpat, T. Özel* Process simulations for 3D turning using uniform and variable micro geometry PCBN tools, Int. J. Machining and Mach inability of Materials, Vol. 3, No. 3, 2008

[8] Ceretti, E., Lazzaroni, C., Menegardo, L. and Altan, T. (2000) 'Turning simulations using a three-dimensional FEM code', Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 98, pp.99–103.

[9] Guo, Y. and Dornfeld, D.A. (1998) 'Finite element analysis of drilling burr minimization with a backup material', Transactions of NAMRI/SME, Vol. 26, pp.207–212.

[10] Guo, Y. and Liu, C.R. (2002) '3D FEA modeling of hard turning', ASME Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Vol. 124, pp.189–199.

Abstract: Quality Function Deployment (QFD) was conceived in Japan in the late 1960's, and introduced to America and Europe in 1983. This paper will provide a general overview of the QFD methodology and approach to product development. Once familiarity with the tool is established, a real-life application of the technique will be provided in a case study. The case study will illustrate how QFD was used to develop a new tape product and provide counsel to those that may want to implement the QFD process. Quality function deployment (QFD) is a "method to transform user demands into design quality, to deploy the functions forming quality, and to deploy methods for achieving the design quality into subsystems and component parts, and ultimately to specific elements of the manufacturing process."
Keywords:Quality Function Deployment, Tape Product, Product Development, Design Quality, Manufacturing

[1] D.J. Delgado & E.M. Aspinwall, (2003) "QFD Methodology and Practical applications – A Review", Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Postgraduate Research Symposium, School of Engineering, The University of Birmingham, 1-5
[2] Akao, Y., ed. (1990). Quality Function Deployment, Productivity Press, Cambridge MA, Becker Associates Inc
[3] Robin Rawlings-Quinn, "QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT (QFD): A CASE STUDY",
[4] Dr. Arash Shahin, Quality Function Deployment: A Comprehensive Review, Department of Management, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
[5] Vonderembse, M.A. and Raghunathan, T.S. (1997) Quality function deployment‟s impact on product development, International Journal of Quality Science, Vol.2, No.4, pp. 253-271.
[6] Kathawala, Y. and Motwani, J. (1994) Implementing quality function deployment - A system approach, The TQM Magazine, Vol.6, No.6, pp. 31-37.
[7] Franceschini, F. and Rossetto, S. (1995) QFD: the problem of comparing technical/engineering design requirements, Research in Engineering Design, Vol.7, pp. 270-278.
[8] Jagdev, H., Bradley, P., and Molloy, O. (1997) A QFD based performance measurement tool, Computers in Industry, Vol.33, pp. 357-366.
[9] Hales, R. and Staley, D., (1995) " Mix target costing, QFD for successful new products", Marketing News, 29(1), 18
[10] Chan, L.K. and Wu, M.L., 2002a, Quality Function Deployment: A comprehensive review of its concepts and methods, Quality Engineering, 15(1), 23-35

Abstract: Sometimes very low strength concrete is encountered in bridges especially in developing countries. One of the reasons for such situations is that various processes, such as the preparation, placing, compaction, etc, is supervised by non-engineering staff. Such type of bridges performs poorly during seismic events. It is, therefore, important to study the seismic performance of such bridges and quantify the energy dissipation characteristics. Two scaled (scaling factor 1:4) bridge columns were fabricated for this purpose with target strength of 12.4 MPa. The columns were tested by subjecting them to reversed quasi-static cyclic loading. Hysteretic energy dissipation curves were plotted with the load-displacement data recorded during testing. The energy dissipated in each cycle and cumulative dissipated energy was calculated for establishing the seismic capacity. The study also provided the ultimate displacement capacity of these columns which is useful for designers to keep limits on target ductility while designing new columns or calculating safety margins of existing bridges.
Keywords:Hysteresis, bridges, columns, quasi-static cyclic testing, energy dissipations, low strength.

[1] AASHTO LRFD Standard, 2007, "Specifications AASHTO LRFD, Bridge Design Specification", 4th edition. Washington D.C. (USA): The American Association of State Highway Officials"
[2] Syed A. M. 2009, "Study of Energy Dissipation Capacity of RC Bridge Columns under Seismic Demand" Ph.D. dissertation. NWFP University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan
[3] M.J.N Priestley, F. Seible, G.M. Calvi, 1996, "Seismic Design & Retrofit of Bridges", 1st Edition.
[4] Kawashima, K. (2006). Seismic Design, Isolation and Retrofit of Bridge. Tokyo: Department of Civil Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan.
[5] Poljansek, K., Perus, I., & Fajfar, P, 2009, "Hysteretic energy dissipation capacity and the cyclic to monotonic drift ratio for rectangular RC columns in flexure", Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 38, 907-928.
[6] Ming-Liang Wang1, Surendra P. Shah, 1987, "Reinforced Concrete Hysteresis Model Based on the Damage Concept", Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics Volume 15, Issue 8, pages 993–1003.
[7] Bilham R, Wallace K. Future Mw>8 earthquakes in the Himalaya: implications from the 26 Dec 2004 Mw=9.0 earthquake on India's eastern plate margin. CIRES and Geological Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder 2006. (http://cires.colorado.edu/~bilham/HimalayanEarthquakes/KangraCentenaryFinal.htm)
[8] Syed A. M., Khan N. A., Rahman S., Reinhorn A., M. 2011, "A Survey of Damages to Bridges in Pakistan after a Major Earthquake of October 8, 2005". Earthquake Spectra, 27: 947-970.
[9] Naeem A, Scawthorn C, Syed AM, Ali Q, Javed M, Ahmed I, et al., 2005 "First Report on the Kashmir Earthquake of October 8, 2005" Learning from Earthquakes, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, California, 2005. (http://www.eeri.org/lfe/pdf/kashmir_eeri_1st_report.pdf)
[10] EERI 2006, "The Kashmir Earthquake of October 8, 2005: Impacts in Pakistan" Learning from Earthquakes, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland, California, 2005. (http://www.eeri.org/lfe/pdf/kashmir_eeri_2nd_report.pdf)

Abstract:Structural testing in laboratory often requires scaled models for testing. Bridges generally have tall columns and heavy loads, therefore require scaling down the model columns to suit laboratory facilities, cost and schedule constraints. However, scaling is not a straight forward procedure, it requires fulfillment of requirements derived from similitude analysis. While undertaking similitude studies, some parameters can be chosen by the researcher whereas other parameters would then be constrained. In this paper a detailed account of similitude analysis for four scaled bridge columns is presented in which reverse quasi-static cyclic testing is done along with free vibration tests. The similitude requirements for static and dynamic tests are different and discussed here in detail to explain how best various requirements are fulfilled.
Keywords:Similitude, bridges, quasi-static cyclic testing, free vibration testing

[1] AASHTO LRFD, 2007, "AASHTO LRFD, Bridge Design Specification", 4th edition. Washington D.C. (USA): The American
Association of State Highway Officials"
[2] Syed A. M. 2009, "Study of Energy Dissipation Capacity of RC Bridge Columns under Seismic Demand" Ph.D. dissertation.
NWFP University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Pakistan
[3] Syed A. M., Khan N. A., Rahman S., Reinhorn A., M. 2011, "A Survey of Damages to Bridges in Pakistan after a Major
Earthquake of October 8, 2005". Earthquake Spectra, 27: 947-970.
[4] Kawashima, K. (2006). Seismic Design, Isolation and Retrofit of Bridge. Tokyo: Department of Civil Engineering Tokyo Institute
of Technology, Japan.
[5] Poljansek, K., Perus, I., & Fajfar, P, 2009, "Hysteretic energy dissipation capacity and the cyclic to monotonic drift ratio for
rectangular RC columns in flexure", Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 38, 907-928.
[6] Harris, H. G., & Sabnis, G. M. (1999). Structural Modeling and Experimental Techniques. Florida: CRC Press LLC.
[7] Mander, J. B., Waheed, S. M., Chaudhary, M. T., & Chen, S. S. (1993). Seismic Performance of Shear-Critical Reinforced Concrete
Bridge Piers. Buffalo, NY: National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (NCEER), SUNY.
[8] Reinhorn, A. M. (2008, Dec 23). Lecture 2 - Modeling of Structures and Similitude. Retrieved Dec 23, 2008, from CIE616 -
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS IN STRUCTURAL ENG.: http://civil.eng.buffalo.edu/CIE616/LECTURES/Lecture%202%20-
%20Modeling%20and%20Scaling/Slides%202%20%20Modeling%20and%20Scaling.pdf
[9] Sheikh, S. A. (2008, January 9). Visit to Earthquake Engineering Center NWFP UET Peshawar Pakistan. (A. M. Syed, Interviewer)
[10] Chopra, A. K. (2001). Free Vibration Tests. In A. K. Chopra, Dynamics of Structures Theory and Applications to Earthquake
Engineering (2nd ed., pp. 54-55). New Jersy, USA: Prentice-Hall Inc.

Abstract:Purpose - The main purpose of the paper is to do literature survey of ERP Papers (from refereed and International Journals like Elsevier, InderScience, ASME, Springer and ACM( Digital Library) to find out the barriers of ERP when implementing it. Thus, the objective of the paper is to study the literature review papers and find out the barriers of ERP. Research findings of the paper: While implementing this ERP in an enterprise(s), it is found that there are obviously some barriers which need to be addressed. Out of 200 or so literature papers on ERP, 51 papers were reviewed for barriers and studied in depth. These barriers are mentioned in the form of Table in the literature survey. While implementing ERP, the barriers which are commonly observed are- huge capital incurred for software, poor planning or poor management, lack of perfection, lack of training and predetermined corporate goals, lack of good vendors, lack of risk assessment, lack of approach, lack of data models (support), lack of ERP Systems' benefits, lack of system performance, lack of hierarchical attribute structure and lack of management support etc. Outline of the paper:
Keywords:ERP (Enterprise Resources Planning), Barriers, Software, System(s), Risk Assessment, AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process).

[1] S. Shankarnarayanan, ERP systems––using IT to gain a competitive advantage, March 23, 2000. [2] C. Loizos, ERP: Is it the ultimate software solution, Industry Week 7 (1998)33. [3] C. Dillon, Stretching toward enterprise flexibility with ERP, APICS––The Performance Advantage (October)(1999)38–43. [4] S. Cliffe, ERP implementation, Harvard Business Review 77 (1) (1999)16–17. [5] T. Davenport, Putting the enterprise into the enterprise system, Harvard Business Review 76 (4)(1998)121–132 . [6] S. Langdoc, ERP reality check for scared CIOs, PC Week 15 (38)(1998)88. [7] G. Langenwalter, Enterprise Resources Planning and Beyond Integrating Your Entire Organization, St. Lucie Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2000. [8] C. Ptak, E. Schragenheim, ERP: Tools, Techniques, and Applications for Integrating the Supply Chain, St. Lucie Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2000. [9] C. Ptak, ERP implementation––surefire steps to success, ERP World Proceedings, August 1999. [10] J. Krupp, Transition to ERP implementation, APICS - The Performance Advantage (October)(1998) 4–7.