iosr-JMCE   Volume-4 ~ Issue-1

Abstract: This paper describes the shear behavior of deep beams. The softened truss model theory, which has been successively used for low rise shear walls and torsion, is extended to deep beams. The theory includes effective transverse compressive stress acting on the shear element and softened concrete stress-strain relationship for the concrete behavior. Theoretical shear strengths were compared with experimental result. Examination of the governing equations helps to identify three major factors that affect the shear strength. They are shear span to depth ratio, transverse reinforcement index and longitudinal reinforcement index.
Keywords:c -Deep Beam, Shear strength, Softened truss model, Reinforced Concrete.

[1] F. K. Kong, Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams.
[2] Mr.Varghese and Mr.Krishnamoorthy, (1966), Strength and Behaviour of Deep Reinforced Concrete Beams, Indian Concrete
Journal, 104-108.
[3] Varghese, Advanced Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures.
[4] Park & Pauly, Reinforced Concrete Structures
[5] Peter Marti,(1985), Basic Tools of Reinforced Concrete Beam Design, ACI journal, Title no. 82-4
[6] N.Krishna Raju, Advanced Reinforced Concrete Design.CBS Publications
[7] ACI 318- 2002 Building Code and Commentary.
[8] American Concrete Institute Committee 318. (1989) Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete. ACI 318–89,
American Concrete Institute, Detroit
[9] Han, K.J. and Mau, S.T.(1988) Membrane behaviour of r/c shell element and limits on the reinforcement J. Struct. Mechcs, Am.
Soc. Civ. Engrs 114 No. 2: 425.
[10] Thomas T.C. Hsu ―Softened Truss Model Theory for Shear and Torsion‖ ACI Structural Journal , Nov-Dec 1988,pp624-635

Abstract:Selecting a proper drainage system always has been discussed in agricultural or other fields. In anisotropic soils, this problem is more sensitive for experts. In this study, a comparison has been done between horizontal and vertical drainage in anisotropic soils. For this purpose, using EnDrainWin and WellDrain softwares drain spacing and well spacing, respectively, determined. The results showed that in the same situation, horizontal drainage systems due to the higher spacings between drains (reducing number of drainage and thus reducing the cost) were better than vertical drainage systems. However, vertical drainage systems due to the lower changes in well spacing in different anisotropic soils were suitable for conditions that soil hydraulic conductivity was likely to change.
Keywords:-Drain discharge, subsurface drainage systems design, watertable control

[1] Ahmadi M.Z. 1995. A field approach to estimation of humid area drainage coefficients, Agricultural Water Management, 29 (1), pp.
101–109. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(95)01186-2
[2] Ali M.H. 2011. Drainage of Agricultural Lands, Practices of Irrigation & On-farm Water Management: Volume 2, pp. 327-378.
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7637-6_9
[3] Barua G. and K.N. Tiwari, 1995. Theories of seepage into auger holes in homogeneous anisotropic soil, Journal of Hydrology, 167
(1–4), pp. 1–22. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)02629-P
[4] Basu D. and M. Prezzi 2010. Design Charts for Vertical Drains Considering Soil Disturbance, Geotechnical Modeling, pp. 420-429.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41095(365)39
[5] Brandyk T., P.B. Leeds-Harrison and K. Skapski 1992. A simple flow resistance model for the management of drainage/subirrigation
systems, Agricultural Water Management, 21 (1–2), pp. 67–77. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(92)90083-9
[6] Burdon D.J. 1986. Hydrogeological aspects of agricultural drainage in Ireland, Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, 9 (1),
pp. 41-65 DOI: 10.1007/BF02439885
[7] Castanheira P.J. and F.L. Santos 2009. A simple numerical analyses software for predicting water table height in subsurface
drainage, Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 23 (4), pp. 153-162. DOI: 10.1007/s10795-009-9079-5
[8] Choudhry M.R., A. Khaliq, W.F. Vlotman, H.U. Rehman 1995. Physical and hydraulic properties of synthetic envelopes for
subsurface drainage in Pakistan, Irrigation and Drainage Systems, 9 (1), pp. 73-84. DOI: 10.1007/BF00881589
[9] Coles E.D. 1968. SOME NOTES ON DRAINAGE DESIGN PROCEDURE. Proceedings of The South African Sugar
Technologists' Association, pp. 189-199.
[10] Cooke R.A., S. Badiger and A.M Garcı́a 2001. Drainage equations for random and irregular tile drainage systems, Agricultural
Water Management, 48 (3), pp. 207–224. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3774(00)00136-0

Abstract:Wear is a common phenomenon in sliding parts. In wire drawing pulleys the friction between the pulley and wire leads to the wear of pulley. In this study Al2O3-13TiO2 and Ni20Cr coatings were prepared on different grades of cast iron (grey iron grade 250, high-carbon grey iron). These samples are investigated through standard procedure of pin-on-disk tests. The rotating disc at 1m/s is subjected to pressures of 30, 40, 50N. The samples were weighed before and after the test. And the results of coated samples were compared with the uncoated samples.
Keywords:-Wear, Grey cast iron, coating, test.

[1] Halling, J., (1985), "Introduction: Recent Development in Surface Coating and Modification Processes", MEP, London.
[2] Archard, J. F. 1980. Wear theory and mechanisms. Wear Contro Handbook, ed. M. B. Peterson and W. O. Winer, pp. 35-80.
ASME, New York
[3] S.K. Basu, S.N. Sengupta and B.B. Ahuja, Fundamentals of Tribology (Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2005).
[4] Rajasekaran B., Sundara Raman Ganesh S., Joshi S.V., Sundararajan G.; "Influence of detonation gun sprayed alumina coating on
AA 6063 samples under cyclic loading with and without fretting", Tribology International, Volume 41, (2008), 315–322.
[5] Lakhwinder Singh, Vikas Chawla, J.S. Grewal (2012) "Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering" Vol. 11,
No.3, pp.243-265

Abstract:Fuzzy logic has been widely used to develop an adaptive traffic signal controller because it allows qualitative modelling of complex systems. However, existing research has developed Fuzzy Logic Traffic Signal Controller (FLTSC) based on non-mixed traffic conditions. These FLTSC are not appropriate to the mixed traffic conditions of developing countries where the traffic streams consist of different types of vehicles with a wide variation in their static, dynamic and operating characteristics. This paper describes the design and evaluation of an adaptive traffic signal controller based on fuzzy logic for an isolated four-way intersection with specific reference to mixed traffic in developing countries. The controller is designed to be responsive to real-time traffic demands. Video image processing has been proposed to capture traffic data such as maximum queue length (in metres) and average occupancy rate (in %) from each approach of the intersection. The proposed FLTSC uses maximum queue lengths and average occupancy rates collected during the previous cycle in order to estimate the number of seconds of green time required by each set of signal groups (stage) during the next cycle.
Keywords:-fuzzy logic, mixed traffic, signal control

[1] Strobel, H, Computer Controlled Urban Transport, Ed. John Wiley, 1982.
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Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1991.
[3] Lee, J.H., Lee, K.M. and Leekwang, H., Fuzzy controller for intersection group. International IEEE/IAS Conference on Industrial
Automation and Control, Taipei, Taiwan, 1994, pp. 376-382.
[4] Trabia, M.B. and Kaseko, M.S., A fuzzy logic controller for a traffic signal. IASTED International Conference on Applications of
Control and Robotics, Orlando, Florida, January 1996, pp. 117-122
[5] Kim, J., A fuzzy logic control simulator for adaptive traffic management, IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, vol. 3,
1997, pp. 1519-1524.
[6] Bell, M.G.H., Future directions in traffic signal control. Transportation Research Part A, Vol. 26A, No. 4, 1992, pp. 303-313.
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7, 1999, pp. 353-367.
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isolated intersections. Traffic Engineering and Control, Vol. 27, No. 7, 1986, pp. 385-387.
[10] Zadeh, L.A., Fuzzy sets. Information and Control, Vol. 8, 1965, pp. 338-353.

Abstract:Cold In-Place Recycling (CIR) of flexible pavements has been experimented and executed worldwide during the past twenty years. The performance of CIR projects is inconsistent in different parts of the world; furthermore its mix design is still under development. In local traffic and climatic conditions of Pakistan, this research work was focused to evaluate the structural performance of cold in-placed recycled mixes. This will assist the highway agencies of the country for making decision regarding future utilization of cold recycling technology, especially in the conditions of budgetary constraints for maintenance and rehabilitation and expanding highway network. For the structural evaluation of CIR pavements, Resilient Modulus Test and Static Creep test was performed on Marshall Samples of CIR mixes using UTM -5P with Cement and Lime being used as an additive at various temperatures and loading Frequencies and their strength was compared with conventional HMA mixes. It was concluded that the performance of cold recycling and conventional rehabilitation was nearly the same and the cement added cold recycled mixes were found better than lime added.
Keywords:-Additives, Cold in Place recycling, Pavement Rehabilitation, UTM 5P.

[1] Asphalt Recycling and Reclaiming Association, Federal Highway Administration, US Department of Transportation, Basic
Asphalt Recycling Manual. United States, 2001.
[2] He Gui-ping et al, "Laboratory Study on permanent deformation of foamed asphalt mix incorporating reclaimed Asphalt
pavement materials" Construction and Building Materials 21 (2007) 1809 –1819.
[3] Iswandaru Widyatmoko, "Mechanistic-Empirical Mixture design for hot mix asphalt pavement recycling". Construc tion and
Building Materials 22 (2008) 77–87
[4] Y. Niazi et al, "Effect of Portland cement and lime additives on properties of cold in -place recycled mixtures with asphalt
emulsion" Construction and Building Materials 23 (2009) 1338 –1343
[5] Hamad I. Al-Abdul Wahhab et al, "Study of road bases construction in Saudi Arabia using foam asphalt" Construction and
Building Materials xxx (2011) xxx–xxx (Article in press).
[6] Pengcheng Fu et al, "The effects of asphalt binder and granular material characteristics on foamed as phalt mix strength"
Construction and Building Materials 25 (2011) 1093–1101
[7] Mahmoud Ameri et al, "Laboratory studies to investigate the properties of CIR mixes containing steel slag as a substitute
for virgin aggregates" Construction and Building Material s 26 (2012) 475–480

Abstract:Cost control methodologies in structural engineering are of vital importance due to the alarming escalation of construction cost which needs to be effectively controlled. The Report introduces the concept, needs and aims of cost control. It also visualizes the terms used and those involved in cost control work. The body of the research work centre on the reasons for increasing cost and the various steps taken to control this increase. Questionnaires were designed and administered to professionals within the construction industry which were analyzed and several deductions were derived from this analysis. Conclusion finding reveals that preparation of the cost control of project is highly important as it would help professionals in the construction field to maximize fund and use it effectively during project execution.
Keywords:-Cost Control Methodologies, Construction Cost, Construction Industry, Project Execution and Professionals.

[1] J.M Neil, "Construction cost estimating for project control," 1st ed., Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1982.
[2] S.W. Nunnally, "Construction methods and management," 4th ed., Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1998.
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Management., vol. 114, No. 2, pp. 233–244, 1988.
[4] P.G. Ioannou and R.I. Carrt, "Advanced building technology matrix system," Journal of Construction Engineering and
Management., American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. 114, No. 4, pp. 517–531, 1988.
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592, 1976.
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Management., vol. 113, No. 2, pp. 222–234, 1987.
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pp. 631–640, 1988.
[8] O.Y. Ojedokun, T.O. Odewumi and J.K. Fasola, "Maintenance model of hostel buildings for effective performance and aesthetics,"
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER), vol. 2, Issue 5, pp. 3390–3397, Sept-Oct 2012.
[9] S.P. Volpe, "Construction management practise," John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 1971.

Abstract:A competent mould designer must have a thorough knowledge of the principles of mould making as the design of the various parts of the mould depends on the technique adopted for its manufacture. This paper deals with the literature review on study of application of taguchi method and suitable finishing of core and cavity, and proper gate location which will reduce the maximum war page of the plastic injection molding/component. Injection molding is a major part of the plastics industry and is a big business worldwide. It is a widely used polymer processing method due to its high production rate, low cost and capability to produce intricate Parts with high precision. It is much difficult to set optimal process parameter levels which may cause defects in articles, such as shrinkage.
Keywords:-Plastic injection molding, Taguchi method/OA table, Gate location and direction of polish

[1] Brydson JA. Plastic material. Butter worth Heinmann;1955.
[2] Ross PJ.taguchi technique for quality engineering. McGraw Hill;1996.
[3] Mr.Peter Jones,the mold design guide;Smithers Rapra Technoligy Ltd. Publishers;2008
[4] S.Kamaruddin, Zahid A. Khan and S. H. Foong, Application of Taguchi Method in the Optimization of Injection Moulding
Parameters for Manufacturing Products from Plastic Blend, IACSIT International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol.2,
No.6, December 2010 ISSN: 1793-8236.
[5] Mr. A.J. Yadav1, Mrs. S.V. Dravid2 Mr. V.D. Rajput3,taguchi technique in optimization of injection molding process parameters
for manufacturing plastic parts, Proceedings of the NCNTE-2012, Third Biennial National Conference on Nascent Technologies Fr.
C. Rodrigues Institute of Technology, Vashi, Navi Mumbai, Feb 24-25, 2012 Department of Mechanical Engineering.
[6] Robert A.Malloy,Plastic part design for injection molding:MA 01854,USA

Abstract:This write up discusses the barriers that characterize systemic innovation in the construction industries. It started with construction industry overview and the innovations in the industry generally. It then focuses on systemic innovations in the industry with emphasis on the barriers to systemic innovations that exist within it. It therefore gave recommendation based on the identified problems.
Keywords:-Systemic innovation, productivity, engineering and construction industries

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National estimates. Statistics Canada/National Research Council of Canada, Canada.
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Changing European Firm: The Limits of Convergence. London: Routledge.
[3] Barlow, J. (2000). Innovation and learning in complex offshore construction projects. Research Policy, 29(7-8), 973-989.
[4] Beliz, O., Carl, A., Ghassan, A., & James, P. (2010). Innovation in Construction: a Project Life Cycle Approach. Salford:
University of Salford.
[5] Blayse, A.M., & Manley, K. (2004). Key influences on construction innovation. Construction Innovation: Information, Process,
Management, 4(3), 143-154.
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http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/construction-industry.html
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Department of Labor: http://www.osha.gov/doc/index.html
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Proceedings of Fourth European Project Management. London.