iosr-JMCE   Volume-4 ~ Issue-6

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect of Pulsed Current on Temperature Distribution and Characteristics of GTA Welded Magnesium Alloy
Country	:	India
Authors	:	N. Karunakaran
	:	10.9790/1684-0460108

Abstract: This paper compares temperature distribution and weld bead profiles of constant current and pulsed current gas tungsten arc welded AZ31B magnesium alloy joints. The effect of pulsed current welding on tensile properties, hardness profiles, microstructural features and residual stress distribution are reported. The use of pulsed current technique has been found to improve the tensile properties of the welds compared to those of continuous current welds due to grain refinement occurring in the fusion zone.
Keywords: magnesium alloy, gas tungsten arc welding, pulsed current, temperature distribution, bead profiles, tensile properties.

[1] Senthil Kumar.T, Balasubramanian.V, Babu.S and Sanavullah.M.Y., Effect of pulsed current GTA welding parameters on the fusion
zone microstructure of AA6061 aluminum alloy, Metals and Materials International, Vol.13, No.4, pp. 345-351. 2007.
[2] Prasad Rao K, Reddy G.M. and Gokhale A.A. Grain refinement and improvement of strength and ductility of welds by pulsed current and magnetic arc oscillation techniques, International Welding Conference, New Delhi, pp. 1050-1055. 1999.
[3] Davies CJ and JG Garland Solidification structures and properties of fusion welds, Int. Mater. Review, Vol.20, pp.83-106. 1975.
[4] Kou S and Y.Le Nucleation mechanism and grain refining of weld metal, Welding Journal, Vol 65. pp. 65-70. 1986
[5] Madhusudhan Reddy G, Gokhale A.A and Prasad Rao K Optimization of pulse frequency in pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding of aluminium – lithium alloy sheets, Journal of Material Science & Technology, Vol. 14, pp. 61-66, 1998
[6] Potluri N.B, Ghosh P.K, Gupta P.C and Reddy Y.S - Studies on weld metal characteristics and their influences on tensile and fatigue
properties of pulsed current GMA welded Al-Zn-Mg alloy, Welding Research Supplement, Vol 75, pp 62s-70s. 1996.
[7] Mohandas T and Madhusudhana Reddy G Effect of frequency of pulsing in gas tungsten arc welding on the microstructure and
mechanical properties of titanium alloy welds, Jl. of Mater SciLetters, Vol. 15, pp 626-628,1996.
[8] Balasubramanian V, Ravisankar V and Madhusudhan Reddy G, Effect of pulsed current and post weld aging treatment on tensile
properties of argon arc welded high strength aluminium alloy, Materials Science and Engineering – A, Vol.459, pp.7-18, 2007.
[9] Balasubramanian M, Jayabalan V and Balasubramanian V, A mathematical model to predict impact toughness of pulsed current gas
tungsten arc welded titanium alloy, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol.35, No. 9-10, pp.852-858,
2008.
[10] Lu, M., Kou, S., Power and current distribution in GasTungsten Arcs. Weld. J. Vol 67(2) pp 29s–33s, 1988.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Impact of Compaction Delay on the Engineering Properties of Cement Treated Soil.
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Habeeb Adedeji Quadri, Olabambo Adeyinka Adeyemi, Bunshiya G. Bobzom
	:	10.9790/1684-0460915

Abstract:In a bid to harness some of our local soils at the expense of expensive good quality materials for geotechnical and highway construction gave rise to this study; i.e impact of compaction delay on cement treated soil. Cement was chosen as stabilizer following its efficiency as it improves the mechanical properties of soil .The natural soil sample was obtained manually from a borrow pit that has been left fallow for a long time at a depth of about 1m. The sample was thereafter divided into 4 portions where a portion being natural soil (untreated) and 3 other portions treated/stabilized with cement at 3%, 5%, and 8% by weight of soil were subjected to laboratory analysis (Natural Moisture Content, Atterberg Limits, Particle Size Analysis.
Keywords: UCS (Unconfined Compressive Strength), CBR (California Bearing Ratio), MDD( Maximum Dry Density), OMC (Optimum Moisture Content),SP ( Standard Proctor), WAS(West African Standard)

[1] Muhunthan, B and Sariosseiri, F (2008). ''Interpretation of Geotechnical Properties of Cement Treated Soils'' Washington State
Transportation Centre (TRAC). WA-RD 715.1
[2] Bello, A.A. (2011). ''Influence of Compaction Delay on CBR and UCS of Cement Stabilized Lateritic Soil. The Pacific Journal of
Science and Technology, Volume 12, Number 2, 87-96
[3] Balmer, G.G. (1958). Shear strength and elastic properties of soil-cement mixture under triaxial loading. Portland cements
Association Research and Development Laboratories.
[4] Mitchell, J.K. (1976), ''The properties of Cement-stabilized soils'' Proceeding of Residential Workshop on Materials and Methods
For Low Cost Road, Rail, and Reclamation works, 365-404, Leura, Australia, Unisearch Ltd.
[5] Uddin, K., Balasubramaniam, A.S., and Bergardo, D.T. (1997). ''Engineering behaviours of cement -treated Bangkok soft clay''
Geotechnical Engineering Journal, (28)1, 89-119.
[6] Lo, S.R., and Wardi, S.P.R, (2002). ''Strength and dilatancy of a stabilized by a cement and fly ash mixture. '' Canadian
Geotechnical Journal, 39(1), 77-89.
[7] Clough, G.W., Sitar, N., Bachus, R.C., and Shafii-Rad, N. (1981). ''Cement sands under static loading'' Journal of The
Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, 107 (GT6). 799-817
[8] Rocha, M., Folgue, J., and Esteves, V.P. (1961). ''The application of cement stabilized soils in the construction of earth dams''
Fifth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Paris, France.
[9] Abboud, M.M. (1973). Mechanical properties of cement-treated soils in relation to their use in embankment construction, Ph.D
dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, CA.
[10] Nash, J.K.T.L., Jardine, F.M., and Humphrey, J.D., (1965). ''The economic and physical feasibility of soil-cement dams. ''
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 2, 517-521, Montreal, Canada.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Influence of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Hardness of Nickel Aluminium Bronze (Cu-10al-5ni-5fe)
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Prabhash Jain, Praveen Kumar Nigam
	:	10.9790/1684-0461621

Abstract: In this investigation two types of heat treatments, solutionizing and ageing were employed to nickelaluminium bronze (NAB alloy) containing 10% Al, 5% Fe and 5% Ni as the alloying elements. Heat treatment was done to access their influence on the microstructural and hardness. Solutionizing temperature carried out at 850oC and 900oC for duration of 30 min, 60 min, 90 min and 120 min. similarly, ageing was carried out at 300oC and 500oC for the duration of 120 min and 180 min. The heat treated samples were subjected to water quenching in order to bring them to ambient temperature. Microstructural studies was also carried out of as cast alloy as well as after Solutionizing and Ageing.Hardness of the samples was measured in as cast and heat treated (solutionized and aged at different temperatures and durations) conditions. The hardness of the alloy increased after the solutionizing and ageing treatments compared to the as cast one. Also, the samples aged at 400oC for 3 hrs attained the highest hardness. Optimization was done based on the best combination of hardness and microstructural homogeneity attained by the samples during the heat treatment.
Key words: NAB, Microstructure, Hardness, Solutionizing, Ageing

[1] Mustafa Yas_ar, Yahya Altunpak, The effect of aging heat treatment on the sliding wear behaviour of Cu–Al–Fe alloys, Materials
and Design 30 (2009) 878–884
[2] Yuanyuan Li, Tungwai Leo Ngai 1, Wei Xia, Mechanical, friction and wear behaviors of a novel high-strength, wear-resisting
aluminum bronze, Wear 197 (1996) 130-136
[3] D.V. Kudashov, R. Zauter, H.R. Muller, Spray-formed high-aluminium bronzes, Materials Science and Engineering A 477 (2008)
43–49
[4] J.A. Wharton, R.C. Barik, G. Kear, R.J.K. Wood, K.R. Stokes, F.C. Walsh, The corrosion of nickel–aluminium bronze in seawater,
Corrosion Science 47 (2005) 3336–3367
[5] CHEN Rui-ping, LIANG Ze-qin, ZHANG Wei-wen, ZHANG Da-tong, LUO Zong-qiang, LI Yuan-yuan, Effect of heat treatment
on microstructure and properties of hot-extruded nickel-aluminum bronze, Trans. Nonferrous Met. SOC. China 17(2007) 1254- 1258
[6] Harry Chandler, Heat Treater's Guide, Practices and Procedures for Nonferrous Alloys, 1996 By ASM International
[7] Thorsten Michler, Jorg Naumann, Influence of high pressure hydrogen on the tensile and fatigue properties of a high strength Cu-
Al-Ni-Fe alloy, international journal of hydrogen energy 35(2010)11373-11377

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Assessment of Capacity Evaluation and Sedimentation of Totla Doh Reservoir,In Nagpur District By Remote sensing Technique.
Country	:	India
Authors	:	S.R.Mandwar, Dr. H.V. Hajare , Dr. A.R.Gajbhiye
	:	10.9790/1684-0462225

Abstract: Water is essential for socio-economic development and for maintaining healthy economic component of growth, poverty reduction and equality. The livelihood of the poorest sector with higher rates of urbanization, increasing demand for drinking water will put stronger by 2030. The next 25 years are challenging to create hydropower stations, the higher food production at lower rate of water consumption, development of Industrial and Agriculture sector and the economical waste water treatments.
Key words: Sedimentation, Reservoir capacity, Satellite Remote Sensing ( SRS ),Mapping of water spread area, Area capacity curves, Cloud free satellite pass, and Evaluation of capacity of reservoir.

[1] N. G . Kuralekar, (1984) Use of Remote Sensing Techniques in the hydrological studies in parts of Solapur of Maharashtra state.
Proceedings of conference on development of ground water resources in Maharashtra. Bombay 222-225.
[2] U. C. Kothyari , Erosion and Sediment Yield : Global and Regional Perspectives ( proceedings of the Exeter Symposium, July 1996 )
IASH Publ. No. 236, 1996.
[3] Reservoir sedimentation Assessment Guide-line by Hydrological Studies and Information Department- SIH- Brasilia DF-2000.
[4] A. K. Sinha, D. Dhar, ( 2005 ) Remote sensing and Geographic Information System ( GIS ) for Water Resources, Investigation,
Development and Management,, All India Seminar on challenging problems in Water Resources Management and Development
,Nagpur 176-179.
[5] Y.V.N. Krishna Murthy, D.S. Pandit, ( 2005 ) Role of Remote Senssing in Water Resources Investigation, Development and
Management. All , India Seminar on challenging problems in Water Resources Management and Development ,Nagpur 167-175.
[6] D. M. More, S. K. Kalvit, (2005). Assessment of Storage Capacity of Pench Project by Remote Sensing Technique. All India
Seminar on challenging problems in Water Resources Management and Development ,Nagpur 180-184.
[7] Technical Report on Sedimentation Assessment and Storage Capacity Evaluation of Totla Doh Reservoir. Dist.- Nagpur through
Satellite Remote Sensing by MERI- Nashik- 2007-08.
[8] Technical Report on Capacity Evaluation and Sedimentation Assessment in Totla Doh Reservoir, Dist.- Nagpur by SRS
Technology. MERI-Nashik-2012-13.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Optimum Support Design for Openings Considering Intact Rockmass in Production Level of Maddhapara, Granite Mine, Maddhapara, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
Country	:	Bangladesh
Authors	:	Chowdhury Quamruzzaman, Mohammad Tofayal Ahmed, Badrul Alam & A.K.M Fayazul kabir
	:	10.9790/1684-0462635

Abstract: Maddhapara Granite mine is the only Hardrock underground mine, which is contributing to infrastructure development of Bangladesh. It was established in 1995 by the North Korean contractor (NAMNAM).Over the past few years it was observed that in some of the vital area of the pit bottom, appears to be vulnerable, where needs to be taken special consideration to make sure the safe working environment for the miners and equipment machinery as well. The authors of this research have taken an attempt to identify and overcome such problem by a research program. In this research, our outcome has been established that the, optimum support have to be determined by using Rock Support Interaction Analysis for rock mass in production level. During design stage, it was considered that the total rock mass is intact (based on initial geological survey data), means there are no wedges along the opening. However a little amount of geological abnormality anticipated in the production level during construction phase. Due respect to that, our research recommended that, there has to be a little amount of support is needed for any kinds of openings in first category of rock, in second category it has to be considered by shotcreting of different thickness of lining in roof and the sidewall. In third category of rock, support system has to be considered by rock bolting and latter shotcrete the roof and side wall. Finally 2.3, 4.6 and 10.73 m openings in third category of rock there needs to be 0.0095m 0.015m and 0.026m fiber reinforced shotcrete and 3m bolt length and blot spacing with 1.5, 1, 0.95m respectively in roof and inside wall 0.006m, 0.015 and 0.045m shotcrete lining have to be considered for safe mining work.
Key words: Support equation, Data analysis, Intact rock mass, Broken rock mass, Uniaxial compressive strength.

Reports:
[1] Rahman, A., (1987) Geology of Maddhapara area, Dinajpur district, Bangladesh. Rec. Geo. Surv. Bangladesh, V.5,n.2P.1-61
[2] Kores South-South Cooperation Corporeation (KSSCC), (1995) Design projrect report on Development of Maddhapara Granite Mine in Bangladesh. (Unpublished Report of MHMC, P.112)
[3] Kores South-South Cooperation Corporeation (KSSCC), (1998) Design report on Development of Maddhapara Granite Mine in
Bangladesh. (Unpublished Report of MHMC, P.112)
Books:
[4] Hoek E. and Brown E.T., (1982) Underground Excavation in Rock, 3rd edition, The Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, London,
P.520.
Theses:
[5] Malek, M.A., (2003) Modification for stope design considering UCS-SF in Maddhapara Granite Mine; an approach of safety
measurement (Unpublished M.Sc. thesis report, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh).
Theses report:
[6] Badrul Alam A.K.M., (2006) Optimum Support Design for Loopdrift in Maddhapara Granite Mine, Bangladesh (Unpublished M.Sc. thesis report, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh).

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Supersonic flow over a flat plate
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Rupesh R. P. Koirala, K. V. S. Santosh Kumar, Sanjay Adhikari, Dharne Praveen
	:	10.9790/1684-0463641

Abstract: Two dimensional supersonic flows over a sharp flat plate at zero incidence has been investigated numerically. A fictitious curvature is formed due to the development of a boundary layer at the leading edge of the plate. The pressure along the entire surface and at the trailing edge has been computed over a wide range of Mach numbers and two different temperatures. The temperature variation due to dissipation of kinetic energy within the boundary layer has been analysed numerically.
Key words: Computational Fluid Dynamics, Supersonic Flow, Flat Plate, Numerical Investigation.

[1] John D. Anderson, Jr.: Computational Fluid Dynamics, McGraw-Hill, Inc.
[2] John D. Anderson, Jr.: Fundamentals of Aerodynamics, McGraw-Hill, Inc.
[3] John D. Anderson, Jr.: Hypersonic and High Temperature Gas Dynamics, McGraw-Hill, Inc.
[4] R. W. MacCormack, "A Numerical Approach for solving equations of compressible viscous flow," AIAA J. 20, 1275 (1982).
[5] Schichting, H.: Boundary Layer Theory, McGraw-Hill, Inc.
[6] Patankar, S. V.: Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow, McGraw-Hill, Inc.
[7] Fletcher, C.A.: Computational Techniques for Fluid Dynamics, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1988.
[8] T. J. Chung, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Cambridge.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Performance Evaluation of Parabolic Solar Disc for Indoor Cooking
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Yogesh R. Suple, Dr. S.B. Thombre
	:	10.9790/1684-0464247

Abstract: In present energy crisis scenario, it has become necessary to exploit new energy sources. Among these sources solar energy has an infinite potential and available at free of cost. For efficient utilization of solar energy, focusing type paraboloidal solar collector was designed and fabricated having aperture area 0.628 m2, focal length 0.8 m, receiver area 0.015m2 and optical concentration ratio 40.Bi-axial manual tracking mechanism is developed which can be operated from the kitchen. It was tested for its thermal performance and cooking abilities. Also comparative analysis with box type solar cooker was done. The system was found useful in cooking a variety of food materials.
Key words: In-house cooking, manual bi-axial tracking, parabolic disc, solar energy.

[1] Sukhatme,S.P.Solar Energy Principles of Thermal Collection and Storage Tata McGraw-Hill publishing company Ltd., New
Delhi2005.
[2] Garg HP, Parkash J. Solar Energy fundamentals and applications New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill,2000.pp 166-175.
[3] Pohekar SD, Ramachandran M. Multi-criteira evaluation of cooking energy alternatives for promoting parabolic solar cooker in
India. Renew Energy 2004;29:1449–60.
[4] Sonune A.V.,Philip S.K Development of a domestic concentrating cooker Renewable energy 28 (2003) 1225-1234
[5] Jose M.Arenas Design, development and testing of a portable parabolic solar kitchen Renewable energy 32 (2007) 257-266.
[6] S. R. Kalbande, A. N. Mathur, S. KothariI & S. N. Pawar. Design, Development and Testing of Paraboloidal Sol ar Cooker
Karnataka J. Agric. Sci.,20(3), (571-574): 2007
[7]. Mirdha U.S, Dhariwal S.R.. Design optimization of solar cooker Renewable energy 33(2008) 530-544.
[8] Dr. Thombre S.B. "A Data Book on Thermal Engineering" published by Green Brains publiscations.
[9] Mullick SC, Kandpal TC, Kumar S. Thermal test procedure for paraboloid concentrating solar cooker. Solar Energy 1991;46(3):139–44.
[10] Funk P. A. Evaluating the international standard procedure for testing solar cookers and reporting performance. Solar Energy vol.68
No 1(2000) pp 1-7.
[11] Wentzel M., Pouris A.The development impact of solar cookers: A review of solar cooking impact research in South Africa. Energy
Policy 35 (2007) pp1909-1919.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Laboratory study to investigate the performance of Tack Coat between bituminous layers
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Bidyut Bikash Sutradhar , Mahabir Panda, Neelu Das
	:	10.9790/1684-0464853

Abstract: The vehicle ownership rate has been escalating round the world and to accommodate this increasing traffic load the modern trend of designing multi-layered bituminous pavement comes into play. Insufficient pavement interface bonding may lead to major pavement overlay distresses and eventually reduces the pavement service life. A tack coat is usually sprayed in between the bituminous pavement layers for effective stress distribution across pavement layer under heavy traffic loads. This paper presents the experimental results obtained through laboratory and field studies to recommend the effective tack coat materials and optimum application rate. A simple interface direct shear test was performed on 150 mm diameter cylindrical laboratory prepared specimens using two conventionally used tack coat materials in India namely, CMS-2 and CRS-1 sprayed at the interface between Bituminous Concrete (BC) and Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) at application rates varying at 0.20 kg/m2, 0.25 kg/m2 and 0.30 kg/m2.The test results indicated that CRS-1 as tack coat provides higher interface bond strength value compared to CMS-2. Similarly, irrespective of the types of emulsions used as tack coat, the optimum rate of application is found to be 0.25 kg/m2 as recommended in MORT&H's specifications. Also the test results obtained from the laboratory prepared specimens were compared with the results obtained from field cored specimens and found higher shear strength value of laboratory prepared specimens compared to field core specimens.
Keywords: interface; bond strength; tack coat; emulsion; field core

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National Center for Asphalt Technology, Auburn, AL.
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Strength Between Pavement Layers." Washington Center for Bituminous Technology, Report No. WCAT 06-002, Washington State
University.
[3] Wheat, M. (2007). "Evaluation of bond strength at asphalt interfaces". Master's Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, College of
Engineering, The Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.
[4] Mohammad, L. N., Wu, Z. and Raqib, M. A. (2005). "Investigation of the Behavior of Asphalt Tack Coat Interface Layer," LTRC
Project No. 00-2B, Louisiana Transportation Research Center.
[5] Patel, N. B. (2010). "Factors affecting the interface shear strength of pavement layers". Master's Thesis, Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering, The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, USA.
[6] Raab, C. and Partl, M. (2004). "Interlayer Shear Performance: Experience with Different Pavement Structures." 3rd EurBituminous
& Eurobitumen Congress, Vienna.
[7] Sangiorgi C., Collop, A.C., and Thom, N.H. (2002). "Laboratory Assessment of Bond Condition using the Leutner Shear Test."
Proceeding of 3rd International Conference on Bituminous Mixtures and Pavements,, pp 315-324, Thessaloniki, Greece.
[8] Sholar, G.A., Page, G.C., Musselman, J.A., Upshaw, P.B., and Moseley, H. (2002) "Preliminary Investigation of a Test Method to
Evaluate Bond Strength of Bituminous Tack Coats." Research Report FL/DOT/SMO/02-459, State Material Office, State of Florida.
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applications." Pennsylvania Department Of Transportation, Report No. FHWA-PA-2008-017-PSU021, Pennsylvania Transportation
Institute.
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