iosr-JMCE   Volume-5 ~ Issue-2

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Dynamic Simulation of a Connecting Rod made of Aluminium Alloy using Finite Element Analysis Approach
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Ram Bansal
	:	10.9790/1684-0520105

Abstract: In this paper a Dynamic simulation was conducted on a Connecting Rod made of Aluminium Alloy using Finite Element Analysis. The Connecting Rod is one of the important part of an engine. In this task, connecting rod of the single cylinder four stroke diesel engine is used. After measurements were taken, connecting rods were drawn using CATIA software and saved in 'IGES' format. Then, the drawing of connecting rod (IGES format) imported into ANSYS software. In this analysis of Connecting Rod was performed under Dynamic load for Stress analysis, and optimization. The pressure-volume diagram was used to calculate the load boundary condition in dynamic simulation model, and other simulation inputs were taken from the engine Specification chart. The data obtained at engine run were plotted on graph by Enginesoft Software. The maximum deformation, maximum stress point and dangerous areas are found by the stress analysis of Connecting Rod. This analysis uses a different mesh. It aims to get more precise results. The relationship between the stress and the nodal displacement is explained by the modal analysis of Connecting Rod. The results would provide a valuable theoretical foundation for the optimization and improvement of Engine Design. Dynamic load analysis was performed to determine the in service loading of the connecting rod and FEA was conducted to find stresses at critical locations.
Keywords: Connecting Rod, Aluminium alloy, Enginesoft, CATIA V5R18, FEA, ANSYS 13.0.

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[5] ANSYS-13.0 User's Manual.
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element method (ANSYS). Journal of Agricultural Technology. 4(2): 21-27.
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[9] HU Dongqing, "Three Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Engine Connecting Rod" in Journal of Anhui Agricultural Science,
vo!. 37, pp.:6458-6460, July 2009

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effects of Travel Routes on Vehicular Emissions in Urban Driving
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	O.N Aduagba, J. D. Amine, M.I. Oseni
	:	10.9790/1684-0520610

Abstract: This study measured the concentration of pollutants in a passenger car Golf 3, Volkswagen model, popularly used as Taxi in Nigeria was done on three different travel routes of state routes in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, in the bid to compare the emission level of regulated and non-regulated gasses of Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen oxide (NO), and Non-Methane Hydro Carbon (NMHC) propane using SV -5Q Automobile Exhaust Gas Analyzer connected to the exhaust port with measurement conducted at intervals over traveled distance. The Route C ( Berger- Area1) gave the lowest average emissions value of 0.45%, 87.69%, 320.72ppm and 590.86 ppm for CO, CO2, HC and NO, Route B (Nyanya- AYA) gave the highest value of 0.53% CO, 8.99% CO2, 374.06ppm HC and 691.52ppm NO . In percentage analysis the average emission value for CO in route B was 6% higher while Route A (Jikwoyi- Kurudu) 3% higher than the value in Route C. Also the CO2 average emission was 6% higher in Route B than Route C similar to observation in CO but in Route A the CO2 value was 5% lower than Route C. The road grade should be taken into account for localized emissions estimation
Keywords: Altitude, Average Speed, Emissions, Travel Routes,

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Three major Towns of Benue State. Multidisciplinary Journal of Research Development, Published by National Association of
Research Development Vol. 13 No , pp40-44
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measurement and emission factors estimation in Hong Kong. Atmospheric 140 Environment 38, pp205
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Group on Emission Factors for Calculating 1990 Emissions from Road Traffic. Volume 1: Methodology and emission factors. Final
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reducing emissions of greenhouse gases and ozone precursors from land-based transport. Report prepared for EPA, Melbourne. pp24
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Alternative Diesel Fuels. PhD Dissertation
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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Design of Solar Tricycle for Handicapped Person
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Ravikumar Kandasamy,Sachin Raut, Deep Varma, Ganesh There
	:	10.9790/1684-0521124

Abstract: Solar plays a vital role in our day to day life. We have developed the solar tricycle especially for handicapped person of ANANDVAN organization started by Mr. Baba Amate in Warora taluka of Maharashtra state (India). The organization is working for the leprosy affected people. In this paper it is discussed that how solar tricycle will help to reduce the effort of handicapped person. All the designs specification considered after analyzing the problems from the handicapped person. Comfort of the person in the tricycle is an important and we have given importance to it. The main content of the tricycle is Solar PV panel, Brushless PMDC motor, Charge controller and battery. This paper will discuss about the main idea of this project and to get a larger picture on what is the problem in the current technologies, what that I want to achieve in this project and the area that will cover on this project. This paper is divided into some categories that are project background to describe the reasons to do this project, problem statement to inform about the problem or weakness of the existing technology, objective to make sure what actually this project must achieve and scope of this project to specify what will be used in this project.

1] Theory of machine- Khurmi Gupta
[2] Solar energy by S.P. Sukhatme
[3] Principle of solar collection and storage by JK Nayak
[4] About photovoltaic cell by text book of Solar photovoltaic application text book- R. K. Pachuri
[5] Facts about solar energy by textbook of renewable energy in Sundarban- author by S.K. Chaudhri
[6] Literature review by Advance solar energy Conversion by M.A. Green author
[7] A text book of Electricity from sunlight by A.K. Paul author
[8] Permanent magnet synchronous and brushless d.c .motor drives by-R. Krishnan
[9] Photovoltaic system –James p. Dunlop
[10] Physics of solar cell-peter wifel

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	CFD Anlysis of Pulverised-Coal Combustion of Burner Used In Furnace with Different Radiation Models
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Rajesh Holkar, Dr. Omprakash. D. Hebbal
	:	10.9790/1684-0522534

Abstract: Pulverized coal is an important fuel for electricity production and will continue to be important for decades. Since coal is a natural resource that depends on many factors and parameters, it has variable properties and composition. Combustion chamber designers Endeavour to achieve optimum operating conditions that give maximum combustion efficiency, together with minimum pollutant formation rate. Modeling of fossil fuel utility boilers has reached a remarkable development in recent years. Particularly, the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling technology and other advanced mathematical methods offer opportunities for analysis, optimization and options examination in order to increase the overall efficiency of the energy facilities. The main objective of the present work was to investigate how the results obtained with two radiative heat transfer methods, the P1 approximation method, Discrete Transfer and the discrete ordinates (DO) method using ANSYS FLUENT, fit temperature field in a boiler furnace on pulverized coal, with implemented over-fire air (OFA) ports. The overall framework of the CFD modeling approach is described. The numerical modeling results for boiler baseline operating conditions are compared with a test data of temperature measurements. An accuracy analysis of the P1 and DO methods is done on a basis of a comparison between the numerically obtained and measured temperature profiles.
Keywords: Coal combustion, heat transfer, thermal radiation, CFD techique, modelling.

[1] A. Williams, R. Backreedy, R. Habib, J. M. Jones and M. Pourkashanian, Fuel. 81 (5), 605-618 (2002).
[2] A. Arenillas, R. I. Backreedy, J. M. Jones, J. J. Pis, M. Pourkashanian, F. Rubiera and A. Williams, Fuel. 81 (5), 627-636 (2002).
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Teploenergetika, No 11, pp. 35-39, 1980.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Determination of durability of Metakaolin Blend High Grade Concrete by using Water Permeability Test
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr.Jadhao Pradip D, Shelorkar Ajay P.
	:	10.9790/1684-0523539

Abstract: The main objective of the study was to investigate the properties of binary blends metakaolin. A suitable mix design of High Grade Concrete (HGC) has been developed using artificial sand (VSI Sand) .The engineering properties of both fresh and hardened HGC were studied. The properties investigated include water penetration and compressive strength. Permeability of concrete affects the durability of concrete. The permeability of concrete is mainly affected by pore structure system of concrete. The penetration of water was studied using the water permeability test method, in accordance with the procedure. The effect of the amount of pozzolanic content on the observed trends was studied. It was established that binary mixtures could differ significantly in both their fresh and hardened properties. Significantly, the binary blends incorporating metakaoline were found to have greater improvement in strength and water penetrability.
Keywords - binary blends, metakaoline, permeability test, artificial sand (VSI Sand), compressive strength, HGC (High grade concrete), HRM (High Reactive Metakaolin).

[1] Chitlange, M. R. Bang, R. S. Pajgade, P. S. "Strength appraisal of artificial sand as a fine aggregate in steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC)" ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences,Vol, 5,NO.10,October2010,pp.34-38.
[2] Ilangovana, R. Mahendrana, N. and Nagamanib, K. "Strength and durability properties of concrete containing quarry rock dust as a
fine aggregate" ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, ,vol. 3,No. 5, October 2008 , pp.20-26
[3] Sabir, B.B., wild, S. Bai,, J. "Metakaoline and calcined clays as pozzolans for concrete: a review", Cement and concrete research, 23 (2001) 441-454.
[4] Sadr Momtazi, A., Ranjbar, M. M. Balalaei, F. , Nemati ,R. "The effect of Iran's Metakaoline in enhancing the concrete compressive strength", Cement and concrete research, pp. 1-7
[5] Shahul Hameed, M. , Sekar, A.S.S. "Properties of green concrete containing quarry rock dust & marble sludge powder as fine aggregate", APRN Journal of engineering & applied sciences vol.4 no.4 , (2009) pp.83-89
[6] Sravana, P. &et.al, "Cracking behaviour of mekaolin blended high strength concrete in flexure by using crimped steel fibers" Journal of Civil Engineering Science: An International Journal,Vol. 1 No. 1-2 (January-December, 2012),pp.15-24
[7] IS: 383-1970. "Specification for coarse and Fine Aggregates from natural sources for concrete." Bureau of Indian standards, New Delhi.
[8] IS: 456-2000. "Indian Standard for code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete."
[9] IS: 516-1959(Reaffirmed 1999) Edition 1.2 (1991-07). "Indian Standard for Methods of test for strength of concrete."

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Travel Delay and Modal Split Analysis – A Case Study
Country	:	India
Authors	:	H.S.Sathish, Dr. H.S.Jagadeesh, Skanda Kumar
	:	10.9790/1684-0524045

Abstract: Journey time and delay study is used to evaluate the quality of service, the travel time and study can also be used to evaluate the quality of traffic movement along the route and to determine the location types and extent of traffic delays. Components of delay are boarding and alighting, issue of tickets, other causes and distance between each stops. This study investigates the total journey time required to travel along the stretch and the influence the delays. The route starts from Kempegowda Bus Station to Yelahanka Satellite Station of Bangalore City. The length of the stretch is 16.5 km. Modal split analysis has been done for this stretch. This stretch has elevated highway connecting to Bangalore International Airport and the extension of Metro Transit. stretch. From the regression analysis of total journey time it is affected by delay due to boarding and alighting moderately, Delay due to issue of tickets affects the journey time to a higher extent. Some of the delay factors affecting significantly the journey time are evident from F-test at 10 percent level of confidence. Along this stretch work trips are more prevalent as indicated by O-D study. Modal shift analysis indicates about 70 percent of commuters are ready to shift from current system to Metro Rail System. Metro Rail System carries maximum number of trips compared to private mode. Hence Metro is a highly viable choice of mode for Bangalore Metropolitan City.
Keywords: Delay, Journey time, Modal Choice, Regression Analysis

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bangalore
[2] Simha N R N, Veeraraghavan and R Sathyamurthy , "Optimisation of Bus Route Network of Bangalore City-A Case Study", Bangalore. IRC , Vol 12, 1992
[3] Ohba, Y., Koyama, T., and Shimada, S., "Online learning type of traveling time prediction model in expressway." IEEE Conf. on
= Intelligent Transp. Systems, Boston, 1997.
[4] Lelitha Devi Vanajakshi , "Estimation and Prediction of travel time from loop detector data for intelligent transportation systems",
University of Kerala, India. 2004
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[5] Van Lint J.W.C, "Reliable Travel Time Prediction for Freeways", Trail Thesis Series no. T2004/3, The Netherlands TRAIL Research
School Netherlands.2004
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[8] Land Transport Authority (LTA) , "Passenger Transport Mode Shares in World Cities", Singapore.2011.
[9] KSIIDC-IL&FS Project Development Company (KIPDC) , "Pre Feasibility Report (draft) for Development of Intermodal Transit hub on PPP format at Yelahanka to Infrastructure Development Department", Bangalore,2010
[10] Mukti Advani and Geetam Tiwari, " Evaluation of Public Transport Systems: Case Study of Delhi Metro", START-2005, Indian
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[11] Tom V. Mathew and Krishna Rao K V , "Introduction to Transportation Engineering", IIT Bombay-2006
[12] James H.Banks ,"Introduction To Transportation Engineering", Second Edition Tata McGraw-HILL Publishers-2010.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Simplex-Based Concrete Mix Design
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	C.E. Okere, D.O. Onwuka, S.U. Onwuka, J.I. Arimanwa
	:	10.9790/1684-0524655

Abstract: Normal concrete is a mixture of cement, water, fine and coarse aggregates. Concrete mix design involves selecting the correct proportions of these constituent materials to produce concrete having the specified properties. Various mix design methods have some limitations. Time, energy and money are sometimes being wasted in order to get the appropriate mix proportions. In this paper, a mathematical model based on simplex method is formulated for the optimization of concrete cube strength. The model can provide all the possible mix ratios that can yield the desired concrete cube strength. It can also produce the concrete cube strength if mix proportions are given as well as the optimum value. Statistical tests were used to verify the adequacy of the model. They all agreed to the acceptance of the model.
Keywords: model; optimisation; concrete cube strength; simplex method

[1] Neville, A.M., Properties of Concrete, third edition, Pitman, England, 1981.
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Establishment, Transport and Road Research Laboratory and Cement and Concrete Association, 1975.
[3] Majid, K.I., Optimum Design of Structures, Butterworth & Co. Ltd., London, 1974.
[4] British Standards Institution, BS 12: 1978, Specification for Portland Cement, 1978.
[5] British Standards Institution, BS 882: 1992, Specification for aggregates from natural sources for concrete, 1992.
[6] Scheffe, H., Experiments with Mixtures, Royal StatisticalSociety Journal, 20 (B), 1958, pp 344-360.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Cooling Of Electronic Equipments with Heat Sink: A Review of Literature
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mangesh D. Shende, Dr. Ashish Mahalle
	:	10.9790/1684-0525661

Abstract: High heat flux of electronic devices, e.g. projector, LED, high power chip, etc., require efficient cooling methods for heat dissipation in a limited region. It means maintaining a small heat source at an acceptable temperature. This resulted in inevitable challenges in the field of thermal management of electronics to maintain the desirable operating temperature. The present paper reviews the literature dealing with various aspects of cooling methods. Included are papers on experimental work on analyzing cooling technique and its stability, numerical modeling, natural convection, and advanced cooling methods. The issues of thermal management of electronics, development of new effective cooling schemes by using advanced materials and manufacturing methods are also enumerated in this paper.
Keywords: fins, Grashoff number, heat sink, liquid impingement, Nusselt number, Rayleigh number,

[1] NEMI Technology Roadmaps, 2002
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Telecommunication Equipment, www.uptimeinsitute.org.
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http://www.ppd.chalmers.se/edu/mpr235/mpr235_thermgmnt.pdf
[4] Lasance, C. J. M., The Need for a Change in Thermal Design Philosophy, Electronics Cooling, 1 (1995), 2,pp. 24-26
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[6] Cengel, Y. A., Heat Transfer – A Practical Approach, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 2002
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Packaging Technologies, 26 (2003), 2, pp. 359-366
[8] Sanjeev D. Suryawanshi, Narayan K. Sane Natural Convection Heat Transfer From Horizontal Rectangular Inverted Notched Fin
Arrays Journal of Heat Transfer AUGUST 2009, Vol. 131
[9] Yongping Chen, Chengbin Zhang, Mingheng Shi, Jiafeng Wu Three-dimensional numerical simulation of heat and fluid flow in
noncircular microchannel heat sinks International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 36 (2009), pp. 917–920
[10] S.A. Nada Natural convection heat transfer in horizontal and vertical closed narrow enclosures with heated rectangular finned base
plate International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 50 (2007) pp. 667–679